Douglas McGregor: takoha ki te whakahaere

Ka rite ki te tohunga i roto i te pāpori hinengaro PhD Douglas McGregor wa roa mahi i roto i ngā take whakahaere. I muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, tona ingoa kua tata e pā ana ki ngā whakaaro ngingila i roto i tenei rohe.

Kia aroha mai, Douglas McGregor takoha ki te whakahaere i hanga whakawhetai anake ki tetahi mahi ka oti. Ko tenei mahi o te tetahi anake e taea e pūtaiao whakaaro te ao i mua ka mau ia te mate ki-tau 57 te ora. Theory X a Y Douglas McGregor me te maha tauira o ngā tuhinga e kore i i i oti, - anake te faufaa ai'a o te sociologist American.

Ko te whakaaro taketake o te X-McGregor

hanga Douglas McGregor e rua whakapae e pā ana ki te whanonga e natula tangata. I roto i te ako, ka mea ia, tae noa ki e taea te Kehena, te natura taata.

Na, ko te ariā X Douglas McGregor riro te whakaaro kino e pā ana ki te iwi.

faaite te reira i te tangata kia rite ki te tangata e:

• He te hao (tae noa ki te whānuitanga iti, he noa tenei āhuatanga ki katoa);
• e kore e rite ia ki te mahi;
• whai ana ki te karo fatongia;
• Ka taea e te mahi te reira tōtika anake, ki te te tirotiro tino.

Ko te whakaaro taketake o te Y McGregor

I roto i tahuri, i te ariā Y Douglas McGregor faaite te tangata ki te wāhi pai o te tirohanga.

E whakaatu ana te reira i te tangata, kia rite ki te tangata e he taea ki:

• ki te whakahaere-whaiaro;
• kawe i ngā kawenga;
• kite mahi rite te mea tūturu, i te mea rite ki te kēmu toenga ranei.

Kua hoatu enei ariā taupatupatu mua i runga i te pūtake o te rangahau.

Tautuhi i te tawhā o te ariā

He he maha o ngā āhuatanga taketake, i tātarihia te Douglas McGregor. hāngai ana te ariā o te x me te y te i runga i nga mahi o te Executive i te wāhi mahi. kitea te ako e reira e etahi tawhā e tautuhi nga mahi o te Executive. Tango ratou i raro i tona mana, ka taea e te mana whakahaere me te mahi o ratou kaiwhakahaere.

hāngai ēnei tawhā e i runga i:

• raruraru kaiwhakahaere ahu;
• wa whiwhi mahi;
• whakapono puritia e te kaimahi, ki te kī taenga o te utu;
• rite te mahia o ngā mahi mahi;
• tūmanakohia wa o te mahi mahi;
• ngā (porowhita roto), e te maua e i roto i te mahi pononga;
• moni whakaratohia hoki te mahia o ngā mahi;
• tohutohu i whakaputaina e te whakahaere;
• whakapono pononga i roto i te whiwhi ratou taea katoa hoki te taumahi;
• Taiutu whai mō te mahi mahi angitu;
• taumata awhenga o whai wāhi i roto i te rohe o ngā raruraru hono ki te mahi.

Ua faaite Douglas McGregor te whakaaro e te tikanga e pā ana ki te ariā Y, ofi ki te pono. Ratou tika tohu nga kaimahi, na reira, e kia tangohia enei tikanga ki pūkete ka hanga kaupapa here whakahaere me ngā mahi.

Theory X: ona tikanga matua

Ko te tikanga e pā ana ki te ariā X, e whai ake:

1. I runga i te pūtake o tona natura, te kaimahi i huru tino kino ki te mahi. E tamata ratou tikanga katoa e ki te karo i reira, ki te tenei tikanga āhuatanga.
2. Hei whakatutuki i te hua e hiahiatia ana o kaiwhakahaere kia takoha ki te mahi. kia te kaimahi i raro i te mana tino. Tērā rānei, ka taea te whakamahi i tenei whiu o mahi rawakore o te mahi.
3. Kaimahi mahi i te tātai o te whakataha o kawenga piri ki a ratou. Hei whai atu i te mahi titau arata'iraa ōkawa tata nga wa i reira ki tenei kōhanga.
4. Ko te kaupapa matua mō te nuinga o nga kaimahi kia tuatahi o te tikanga katoa o haumaru, me ka te tahi atu āhuatanga katoa e kua e pā ana ki te mahi. Tikanga, i roto i taua tikanga uaua whakaatu hao nui.

I roto i te ariā: ona tikanga matua

Tenei ariā o Douglas McGregor ngā te tikanga e whai ake nei:

1. Tirohanga o te mahi whāngai i kaimahi i roto i te puka tūturu taua rite te kēmu he faafaaearaa ranei.
2. e kore e hiahia ana ngā kaimahi lī'oa o tona kamupene me tona arotahi ki runga i te whiwhi i te hua pai i roto i te ahunga whakamua atu ārahitanga me te whakatinanatanga i runga i te wahi o te mana.
3. rite ki tatauranga taea te tangata toharite ako ki te kawe i ngā kawenga mo o ratou mahi, a tae noa ako e founga ki te whakawhanake i tona hiahia.
4. I roto i te kaha o te taupori ki te hanga whakatau pai ko tino whānui. e kore te mea tika tūturu i roto i te kaiwhakahaere kaimahi tenei kaha.

Theory X: whakamārama o te tūranga tuatahi

Douglas McGregor tuhipoka e nga tikanga i he tūturu i roto i te ariā o te X, he tino noa i roto i te tuhinga i runga i ngā rōpū. I roto i te meka, te mahi whakahaere me ngā kaupapa here e whakamahia ana enei tikanga he tino onge.

Homai te meka i whanau te tangata toharite te ki te tikanga o te kaih mo te mahi, ara i taea e McGregor ahu mai i te hītori o tenei kai, me te ki te tautuhi i te nako, e ārahi ana ngā kaiwhakahaere. faaite ratou āwangawanga e pā ana ki te pukapuka production pea iti. arata'i tenei ki te hanganga o te pūnaha motuhake o te taiutu takitahi. whakaatu tino tōna tūranga e te pūtake o tenei pūnaha ko te whakapono e ki te kaiārahi mau tautooraa e tika ana ki te aro hinaaro tangata ki te nunumi atu i te mahi.

Theory X: whakamārama o tūranga tuarua

Mai i te putanga i runga o te rua te tūranga. Homai te hinaaro ore tangata tumu ki te mahi, i reira te mea he hiahia mo te mahi motuhake i runga i te wahi o te whakahaere.

Enei mahi e ki:

• akina te takitahi ki te mahi mahi;
• faaohipa mana;
• e whakatikatika ana mahi;
• mahi i roto i te faatura o te nuinga o nga takitahi whakaweti kaupapa here.

E hāngai ana takitahi enei mahi katoa te faaheporaa ki te hanga tona takoha ki te whakatutuki whāinga o te whakahaere whānui.

I roto i tenei take, ko te mutunga ko e kore ko te pūnaha utu te taurangi o te whakatinanatanga angitu o ngā mahi kaimahi. Tohe take ai hei te riri te fariiraa anake o whiu. A tae mai tenei katoa i te whakapono iwi e taea te mahi i te mahi anake i raro i te mana o te tųkinotanga waho, me te mana.

Theory X: he whakamārama o te toru o nga tūranga

tūranga Tuatoru tohe e e hiahia te tangata toharite ki kia kingi e. He wehi o te kawenga ia, e kore te mea i te āhuatanga e te aroaro o wawata motuhake, me te whāinga tona mahi matua ki te haumarutanga.

Ahakoa te meka e tohu nga uara pāpori me te tōrangapū o Amerika te aroaro o viretu pai o te tangata toharite, te nuinga o nga kaiwhakahaere i roto i te ora tūturu ora te whakapono e "te papatipu o kāre."

I runga i te pūtake o te tikanga tohaina McGregor hanga kore ngana ki te whakamatau e kore ko te kaupapa he waitara hinengaro. Ko reira whānui i roto i te mahi whakahaere o te ao hou.

Whakamārama i te ariā

Kai i roto i te hōkai o te ariā o te X, kua whakahē e McGregor. E ai ki te ariā Y, te tangata expends tona kaha hinengaro, me te tinana, ki te okiokinga tākaro ranei e kore e anake, engari ano hoki i runga i te mahi e korero o te āhua o tenei rere tūturu. Na reira, e kore e te tangata toharite whakaatu tika riri ki te mahi.

whakakorea te hiahia mo te mana waho i roto i enei tikanga e. ka kia ngohengohe ki te whakahaere whaiaro-me te mana-whaiaro, e te hunga haepapa mo te mahi o te utu, e pāhono i te takitahi me ona whakatutukitanga ake te tangata. A i runga i te wahi o te utu tino faufaa o te takitahi hoki ratou mau tautooraa ko te tikanga o te utu o nga hiahia o te whaiaro iteraa-me whaiaro ai ta-.

Ko enei wawata ko te pūtake mō te whakatutuki whāinga o te whakahaere i roto i te anga o te ariā o W.