Hanganga o te Internet: te mau parau tumu o

I teie mahana, e kore te Internet e maere tangata. Access ki tenei whatunga runga i te rā whakarato he maha nui o ngā kaiwhakamahi. E ai ki nga raraunga o 2015, kua nui te maha o ngā kaiwhakamahi tūhono 3.3 piriona. Heoi, e mohio e kore katoa tawhiti e ko te hanganga o nga rauemi mōhiohio o te Ipurangi i roto i ngā hangarau. Te nuinga o taua mea, i roto i te whānui, e kore te mea e tika. Heoi, e mohio hiahiatia tonu nga turanga whakatakotoria i roto i te mau parau tumu o te mahi o te Tukutuku Ao Whānui i te iti rawa i te taumata tuatahi.

He aha te mea te Internet ki te takawiri hou

Ko te tikanga, ka tae mai te reira ki te Internet i tenei ra, tino maha hei utu whakamahia te ariā o te Tukutuku Ao Whānui, ranei te Tukutuku, e tahoê rorohiko i katoa i runga i te ao.

I roto i te whānui, he pono reira, engari i konei ko te mea e tika ana ki te hanga i te whakamārama. Ka rite ki matau ana tatou, e kore te hono hāngai kahore tetahi rorohiko ki te Internet i roto i anake te kaiwhakarato ratonga ki te e ara te Atua e matau e hia atu terminals hono ranei pūrere pūkoro. Huri i te reira i roto i taua e tahoê ratou katoa i roto i te kupenga kotahi. A huaina ana e ia te "whatunga o whatunga" i roto i tenei tikanga, te Internet.

Oia mau, e hāngai ana te Internet i runga i te hanganga o te uniana, kia ki te korero, ngā ipurangiroto, me he nui-tech nahanaha. I tua atu, whai wāhi atu ki te rauemi ngā, e kore e taea ki te whakaaro, kahore i te pouara, i te mea e taea ki te whiriwhiri i te huarahi pai mō te wāhi tere ki te rauemi i homai.

A he aha te mea ngā. e kore ko te rangatira te Ipurangi iho, a ko atu o te wāhi mariko e pā te tangata ake me te ake nga ra, i ētahi wā noa whakakapi mooni te whatunga iho. Pai, ahakoa kino, e kore te mea te reira mo ki tatou whakawa. Engari arotahi ki runga i te āhuatanga taketake o te hanganga me te mahi o te Tukutuku Ao Whānui.

Ko te hanganga o te Tukutuku Ao Whānui: te Kōrero o te putanga me te whanaketanga

Na, ka rite ki matau tatou i te reira i teie mahana, e kore i nga wa katoa te Internet te take. Ki te keri koe ki te hītori, kia tuhia te reira e ki te ngana tuatahi hanga he whatunga mōhiohio kotahi, e pai e taea e kore anake ki te tuku raraunga, engari ano hoki te mahi i rite te ahua o "liliu" o te huinga o te reo hōtaka mo te perception o ngā mōhiohio, kua tangohia tae noa hoki rite 1962, i te te teitei o te "pakanga makariri" i waenganui i te US me te USSR. Na i reira ko tetahi hōtaka i runga i te pūtake o te ariā o te pākete whakawhitinga mō te tuku raraunga Leonard Kleinrock, i arahina e Dzhozef Liklayder. E kore te arotahi matua ko anake te tuku o ngā mōhiohio, engari ano hoki ona "indestructibility".

I runga i te pūtake o ēnei whanaketanga i roto i te 1969 me te reira ko te whatunga tuatahi, ka karanga ARPANet, ka te tipuna o te Internet Ao Tukutuku Whānui ranei. I roto i te 1971, ki te hōtaka tuatahi tuku me te whiwhi ī-mēra, ki 1973, ka i tonu ai e te taura Euro-Atlantic i whakawhanakehia, hei te whatunga i te ao, i roto i te 1983 oho ki te TCP / IP kawa kotahi, i roto i 1984, ka puta te hangarau IRC e taea ki a koe kōrero . Na anake e 1989 i CERN kua pakari te whakaaro o te tukutuku ao, e huaina nei inaianei i te Internet. O te akoranga, ko te reira matara atu i whakamahia he tauira kei te inaianei, Heoi, etahi mau parau tumu, e ngā te hanganga o te Internet, a tonu noho tonu.

Ko te hanganga o te Tukutuku Ao Whānui

Na kia kite a, i pehea te whakahaere ki te whakakotahi i terminals rorohiko takitahi me whatunga i runga i a ratou tahi. He parau tumu matua ko te whakamahi o ngā raraunga pākete te whakamahi i te ararere e hāngai ana i runga i te kawa ao e taea te mohio ki e tetahi mīhini. Ko, e kore ko te kōrero i roto i te puka o takitahi paraire, ngā paita ranei tohu, a ka tuku i roto i te poraka whakahōpututia (pākete), e kia ki roto ngā ngā kaua raupapa roa.

Heoi, e kore e te haapurororaa tupu haphazardly. I roto i tenei hanganga aroākapa me ngā rauemi o te Internet i te maha o ngā taumata taketake:

• (Tūmau pūnaha tere tiketike hono ki tetahi ki tetahi) Raina.
• whatunga nui me ngā wāhi e hono ki te raina matua.
• whatunga rohe hopohopo raro.
• ISP e whakarato ratonga whai wāhi (ISP).
• kaiwhakamahi Whakamutunga.

Ko taua te hanganga o ngā mōhiohio i runga i te Ipurangi e te terminals i runga nei te rongoa reira, ka karanga tūmau, me te tikanga (lau tango reira me e tuku hoki ngā urupare, me rere ranei) mīhini - wāhimahi. Ko te whakawhiti o te mōhiohio taua, rite whakahuatia i runga ake, e hāngai ana i runga i pouara. Ko te aroaro he kaupapa taua te anake hoki noho pai o te māramatanga o te take. I roto i te meka, he nui atu uaua katoa.

tikanga nui

Na haere mai tatou ki tetahi o nga ariā matua, kahore nei e kore e taea ki te whakaaro he aha te hanganga o te Internet. Tenei tikanga ao. I teie mahana, i reira e reira e maha, engari ko te kotahi matua mo te Internet he TCP / IP.

Ko te kupu he mea e tika ana ki te āta wehewehe i waenganui i nga ngā rua. kawa IP (Internet) ko te tikanga o te ararere, e ko anake te kawenga mō te tuku o pākete raraunga, engari i roto i kore ara te kawenga mō te tapatahi, me te haumaru o te kōrero tuku. kawa TCP, i runga i te anga ke, ko te tikanga o te whakarato i te hononga wātū i waenganui i kaituku me te kaiwhiwhi e hāngai ana i runga i te hononga arorau i waenganui i rua ngā ki te pera-ka karanga tuku whai o pākete, me tino tonu.

I teie mahana, TCP / IP ko te Internet paerewa de märena, ahakoa i reira e maha atu tikanga, pērā i UDP (ikiiki), ICMP me ripiripia (Pouara), DNS me ARP (tautuhi mō te wāhitau whatunga), FTP, HTTP, NNTP me Telnet (tono ), IGP, GGP ko EGP (kuwaha), SMTP, POP3, a NFS (mēra me ngā tikanga ki te uru ngā kōnae i runga i terminals mamao), me ētahi atu

Ko te Pūnaha Ingoa Domain

O tuhipoka motuhake ko te huarahi ao ki ngā rauemi. Ko reira mārama e ki te wāhitau Tuhituhi o te whārangi rite 127.11.92.785, te tiki ki te rauemi e hiahiatia ana, e kore e pera watea, me (kia anake mahara nga ngā katoa). Na reira, i te wa i whakawhanakehia te pūnaha ingoa rohe ahurei e whakaaetia ki te tomo i te wāhitau i roto i te puka, rite kite tatou i te reira i teie mahana (i roto i te reo Ingarihi).

Otiia i konei, i to ratou ake nahanaha. Reira, rawa, i reira e rave rahi taumata. Hei tauira, te wāhi taumata-runga ao ko nga rauemi, ahakoa o te pūtāutu whenua (Amerika - kāwanatanga, COM - arumoni, Edu - Educational, NET - whatunga, mil - hōia, org - whānui whakahaere, e kore e pā ana ki tetahi o nga momo runga ake) .

aru ana tēnei e te ingoa rohe o ngā rauemi, e mārama tohu te pūtāutu whenua. Hei tauira, US - US, RU - Russia, TN - Ukraine, DE - Germany, UK - .. Great Britain, etc. I tua atu, enei rohe i to ratou ake iti-taumata rite COM.UA, ORG.DE etc I roto i te .. tahuri, a konei e taea tetahi kitea mārama atu hono ki ngā taumata paetukutuku raro (KIEV.UA, KIEV.COM.UA me t. d.). I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, ka titiro i te wāhitau, ka taea e koe te whakatau tonu e kore e anake te whenua, engari ano hoki i te rohe, no o te rauemi i roto i te reira.

ratonga Ipurangi taketake

Ko ngā ratonga, ka taea e tenei ra te kitea i runga i te Ipurangi, i roto i te kāwai e wehea ratou ki ī-mēra, rongo me te mēra fayoobmennye whatunga, ngā pūnaha hiko utu, reo irirangi Ipurangi me te TV, Huinga tukutuku, blogs, pae Itenati, toa Ipurangi me auctions, kaupapa mātauranga "Vicky", ataata me te whakahaere oro, me te pera i runga i. d. i tata kua whatunga pāpori te mutu tino rongonui i runga i to ratou hanganga.

Ko te hanganga o whatunga Ipurangi pāpori

He āhuatanga noa o tenei hapori ipurangi ko te motuhake o te mana rohe tangata whenua ranei. hangaia e ia kaiwhakamahi ratou ake kōtaha (image, hūnuku te tukutuku, he aha e hiahia ana koe ko te ingoa), me kawea kōrero i roto i te te tuku o karere inamata, engari e kore e mā kōrerorero, me i roto i te aratau tūmataiti. Ki te kōrerorero e taea anake te whakaritea pūnaha kōrero. I tua atu, kia tetahi noho rēhita o tenei hapori waiho te pera-ka karanga pou, ki te faaite ki te iwi whānui etahi rauemi hononga ki ētahi atu whakaputanga ranei, a na i runga i. D.

Ko taua hanganga Ipurangi e te whai wāhi o etahi tikanga, pērā i TCP / IP me IRC, ngā mea katoa i mea ai rawa pūmotu. Ko te huru matua - te rēhitatanga (hanganga o te ingoa kaiwhakamahi, me te kupuhipa ki te takiuru i), me te he tohu o te iti rawa te mōhiohio iti e pā ana ki a ratou ano.

Ehara i Koinei, pae whaiaro me ngā whakawhitinga, āta engari he pono haere ki te warewaretanga. e kore e ara te kotahi-rongonui "kaiwaea" rite ICQ QIP ranei e tu tetahi whakataetae, no te mea āhuatanga kia nui atu Itenati.