Haurongo Lesia Ukrainka: whakaahua me meka ngā

Ko taonga ki te ingoa o ngā kaituhi me kaitito, ko tona mahi riro nga ngakau o mirioni tuhinga Ao. I roto ia ratou Ko te ingoa o te rohi pehe Iukereiniana nui, pai-mohiotia e rua i te kāinga, me te ki waho. He tokomaha e mōhio ki a ia whiti. Otiia e mohio e kore katoa e founga whakaongaonga, me te mīharo, ko te haurongo o Lesya Ukrainka. He aha ko tona ora?

Ko te whakamanamana o te wairua tangata

ki tonu Haurongo Lesia Ukrainka ki te mamae, te aroha, te mamae i te string o rangahau auaha, i kitea nei i roto i a ia mahi pūmanawa mīharo. Miharo ki te tangata tino e pā ana ki te ati o tona hopearaa? Ko te meka e tata ka mau katoa o tona ora wahi ki te mohio o mate te mahu, notemea i runga i te tinana pakarukaru?

Haurongo Lesia Ukrainka fakamamahi, me te maere. No te mea o te mate kohi o wheua wahine takoha katoa tona ora i ki parure. Mate, take te mamae ki ia, ka materoto kawea ki te urupa o tona aroha. loto poka tikanga Venter me tona mahi me te ora whaiaro - tukua ki koe te whakatika i te kuputuhi me kore whakaaetia o ona mau ma'itiraa.

Hard ki te whakapono e whanau tetahi wahine te he pakarukaru, e taea mau whakamanawanui e tona wahi enei faingata'a katoa. A e kore e puritia e te reira anake te wairua ore, engari ano hoki ki te utu i te kaha me te faaururaa ki te hanga mahi ataahua. He tokomaha o ratou, rite te haurongo ano Lesia Ukrainka, me tenei ra tonu fakahinohino. kawe ratou he tiaki nui o mariu me te wairua o te paari rahi, e whakaako pai, me te pono.

Lesya Ukrainka: biography kaituhi Ukrainian

Pae mai maheni ki te haurongo o Lesya Ukrainka, ite tetahi e i hanga ai mo auaha. ngā tona tira o te iwi kororia pūmanawa, mātauranga me te auaha.

Ko te tata tona tangata - ki tona ake whaea - ko te rohi pehe Ukrainian rongonui me te translator nei i hanga te pseudonym Olena Pchilka. I tēnei wā, ko taua tona ingoa Olga Kosach. Ingokaiwhakamahi e ia "hoatu" i tetahi atu poka-mohiotia kaituhi Ukrainian Panas Mirny, i te tirohanga o te meka i he maheni ki tona mahi tino uaua, me te mahi hua ia.

Ko te teina o te whaea i te faihisitōlia rongonui Ukrainian me folklorist, he ahua tūmatanui mātātoa, e tu ana i te takenga mai o te hapori Ukrainian. Tona ingoa - Mikhail Petrovich Dragomanov.

I roto i te whare i maha toro te māngai tino o te intelligentsia Ukrainian. Communication ki te iwi ahurea, me te tino mātauranga, o te akoranga, te awe i te whanaketanga whānui o ngā kōtiro, i runga i te hanganga o te tirohanga ao, me te tona whanaketanga ake nei rite te rohi pehe.

Hea e taea e koe te pānui i pā ana ki tona ora?

roto haurongo pūmanawa, me te kanapa o Lesya Ukrainka i te reo Ukrainian te i roto i te pukapuka, me te he e wātea ana ki ngā ākonga e ako ana i te kura Ukrainian-reo. Poet mau noho te wahi nui i roto i te ropu o nga kaituhi pai me kaitito o Ukraine, ako o te auahatanga e whakarato hōtaka kura.

Ngā ākonga o ngā kura Russian-reo i roto i Ukraine, me Russian, me te ao, kei te ako hoki, me te tuhinga Ukrainian. E akiakitia ana rātou ki te waia haurongo o Lesya Ukrainka i te Ukrainian.

tuku te reira i te taupori katoa Russian-korero o Ukraine, me te tahi atu whenua e hiahia ana ki te ako e pā ana ki te ora o te rohi pehe, i roto i Russian tuhituhia pukapuka maha, me monograph, me te tānga i roto i te pāpāho. I tua atu, he wātea nuitia i runga i te Internet i te haurongo o Lesya Ukrainka i Russian (me rite i roto i Ukrainian).

He tika o te aro o maha tona kōrero ora. Ko reira e kore anake te mahi tino o te rohi pehe, ko tona e pai mana'o, ki te hiahia ora me te aroha.

haurongo Poto o Lesya Ukrainka. takenga

Tona ingoa tūturu - Larisa Petrovna Kosach. Fanauhia i runga i February 13 (New Kāhua 25) 1871 i roto i Novograd Volyn i Ukrainian whānau rangatira o uri o kaumatua.

Ngā mātua o te rohi pehe heke mai - Maori o te mahue-pēke Ukraine - noho i roto i te rohe Volyn i te raumati o te tau 1868. Mai i Kiev, oho te whānau ki te wāhi hou i konei mahi o papa.

Kei te mātātoa te whai wāhi te matenga o te whānau, Pita Antonovich Kosach, he rōia i te whakangungu, he rangatira nui, i roto i ngā mahi pāpori. ka anga tona mahi mahi ki te paetukutuku o te hēkeretari Collegiate, hoki i mahi he i rite rangatira o te rangatira i roto i te rohe o Kovel. Mai 1901-th - te runanga kāwanatanga tūturu. Uvekalsya tuhinga me te peita. Kei te mea i puritia huihui auau toi, kaiwaiata, kaituhi, kōnohete whānau te whare.

Mother wahine toikupu Olga Petrovna Kosach (Dragomanova) mai i gentry u, kaituhi Iukereiniana, publicist, Pēhi. Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, tona ingoa - Olena Pchilka. He whai wāhi kaha i roto i te kaupapa o te wahine, te kaiwhakaputa almanaha "karauna tuatahi".

haurongo Poto o te Ukrainian Lesia Ukrainka whakaaturia i roto i te tuhinga i raro nei (kite "Mō ia - i roto i tona reo taketake.").

tira

teina o tona whaea (matua keke o te kaituhi) i he kaituhi rongonui, fakaanga folklorist me tuhituhi, mataotao me te ahua tūmatanui Mikhail Petrovich Dragomanov. rangatira tuku, i roto i tona wa, i mahi ia rite tauturu orometua i te University o Kiev, ka he ahorangi i te University o Sofia (Bulgaria). mahi tahi ia ki Ivan Franko.

Uncle He wāhi ārahi i roto i auaha i te irāmutu whakaaro: i hoatu e ia tona whakapono-pāpori, te mana'o o te taviniraa i te kāinga. Ki te tona awhina, ata ako te rohi pehe heke mai e rave rahi reo ke, me i taea ki te kite i ngā tauira o te tuhinga matarohia ao.

Mehikitanga Lesya (pera-ka karanga rohi pehe i mua nei i roto i te utuafare), Elena Antonovna Kosach, ko te tahae kaha. I roto i te Maehe 1879, no te whai wāhi i roto i te kōhurutanga o tetahi o nga rangatira gendarme, i whakahekea ia ki Siberia mō te 5 tau. I tenei hui pahono Les ki tona pehepehe tuatahi, "Hope" (1880).

valevalé

ko ia rāua i tona tuakana Mikhail. Fakataha riro ratou mātauranga i te kāinga, mahi rangatira wāhanga.

Pānuitia ako Les i 4 tau. Ngā mihi ki tona whaea wawe mīharo e te pakiwaitara Ukrainian.

Mai 1878, ka anga ia tona kaume'a ki te tuahine o tona papa, - te keke o te hinu i mahue e kua tona tohu e rua i roto i te ora, me te i roto i te mahi o te rohi pehe.

I roto i te taua tau oho te whānau ki te kainga Kolodyazhni (Volyn), i reira ki tona papa, i whakawhitia mahi i roto i Lutsk, hoko te whenua.

Te tau e whai ake nei, i mauheretia, ka whakahekea ki Siberia whaea keke, Elena Antonovna Kosach.

I te 1880 i hopukina tana tane, a whakahekea tetahi keke, Alexandra Antonovna Kosach (Szymanowska), e, tahi ki ana tama tokorua oho ki te ora i roto i te hapu o tona teina. timata Mehikitanga Sasha ki Lesya kaiako waiata tuatahi.

I roto i te hotoke 1881 ka te kotiro he matao kino, me te hua i whakawhanakehia he mate nui e faaara ia ora. Anga mamae fuu i tona waewae, ka anga ka ki kino ia i te ringa.

pāngia Doctors tīmatanga rūmātiki. kua Tohu o te mate, kua whāpāharehia ki te awhina o te rongoā whakahaunga ki a ratou. Ko mo te ia anake.

haurongo aunoa o Lesya Ukrainka i te reo Ukrainian kei mau heheuraa e pā ana ki te mea e whai ia he pakanga mo'uí ki tona mamae onoono me mauiui o te tino. i te kotiro pakarukaru huru mutu, me te itoito rahi. "E kore e noho ana karanga, smіyalas ahau" - tuhi ia. I runga i te Russian e whakamaoritia enei kupu e whai ake: ". I roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te karanga, kata ahau"

tātaritanga

kua meinga Kolodyazhni kainga tetahi wahi tūturu o te noho o te whānau. Tenei e whanau mau taeae e tuahine teina (kawea ake katoa i roto i te utuafare i ono tamariki).

I roto i te 1883 (Les ki tona teina, Michael i te wa e noho ana, ka whakangungua i roto i Kiev) kua pāngia ia kohi o wheua, whakahaere i te ringa, meinga ki a ia i ki wareware e pā ana ki te umanga o te piana e moemoea tatou e pā ana ki.

Hoki ki Kolodyazhni te wahi te rohirohi, ka haere tonu te mātauranga i te kāinga.

tamarikitanga

Ki te awhina o tona whaea, kei te ako ia Pākehā, tae atu ki ngā reo Slavic. I tua atu i te reo Kariki, onamata. He aroha o te peita ia.

Ko te taumata o te mātauranga whare Larysa Kosach kitea e te meka e i tau 19 i hāngai ia ki runga ki te tohi o pūtaiao pai-mohiotia, i ki tona pukapuka tuahine i runga i te hītori tawhito o te reo Iukereiniana, i whakaputaina maha nga tau i muri mai (i roto i te 1918) i roto i Ekaterinoslav.

whakawhiti te reira i ki te rota o Ukrainian (mahi o Heinrich Heine, Arama Mickiewicz, Homer, Victor Hugo, Gogol me ētahi atu.). Na tenei ahakoa te meka e te tonu hanga te mate ite iho. Otiia kawea te whaea Lesya tangata kaha te tangata e kore e tika kia hoatu i roto i ki te ngoikore, me te mo-faaite to ratou mau mana'o.

Ko te timatanga o te auahatanga

Na ano, tino nui, atu i te haurongo taonga o Lesia Ukrainka - nga mahi o te rohi pehe.

I roto i te 1884 tīmata reira ki mātātoa tuhituhi (i roto i te Ukrainian). Ona rotarota wawe - "Sappho," "Lily", "Whero Summer haere mai," etc. -. Lviv kaikauwhau i te hautaka "Dawn".

He tirohanga whānui o mahi tuhituhi

Neke atu i te wa, ka waiho te kaituhi o te mahi o te momo o momo i roto i te rīpoata,, rotarota, te tuhi, te whakaari. He tokomaha e mahi i roto i te mara o te pakiwaitara - me tona reo ka tuhi atu atu i te 200 himene iwi. Hoko he wāhi kaha i roto i te kaupapa motu.

Tona rongo Lesya Ukrainka tiki i roto i te hanganga o:

1) kohinga o irava:

• 1893rd: "I runga i nga pakau o Songs";
• 1899 th "Duma me moe";
• 1902 d: "Urupare";

2) Poems:

• 1893rd "Tale Tahito";
• 1903rd: "Kotahi te kupu";

3) AMD:

• 1913th: "Boyar";
• 1907 th "Cassandra";
• 1905-th: "I roto i te tanuraa";
• 1911-th "Forest Song" me etahi atu.

Engari ka waiho i te reira na. Na ano ...

paari

Tīmata i 1891 te tuarua haere reira ki Galicia, Bukovina, tutaki ki maha whika rongonui o te ahurea Ukrainian Western: V. Stefanik, I. Franko, A. Macovei, O. Kobylyanskaya, H. Kobrin.

I roto i te tau (1894-1895) ora ki tona matua keke Michael Dragomanov i Sofia.

ope puke lahi ia ki te kia tukinotia i Haerea i Ihipa, Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary. Poet toutou tae mai te Caucasus, Odessa, Crimea. Haere taonga tona wheako me Horizons whānui.

I roto i te puna o 1907, tahi ki te tane marena Klimentiem Kvitkoy toro ia Alupka, Yalta, Sevastopol.

I roto i August tenei tau, whakaōkawatia ratou te marena. Ētahi noho i roto i Kiev, ka neke ki te Crimea, te wahi Kvitka whakahaere ki te tiki i te tūranga i roto i te marae.

tau tata nei

whakamua tonu tona mate. Kua kaha kohi o wheua, taua i honoa he mate kihai i taea whatukuhu.

kitea ia te kaha ki te mahi, te upooti'araa mamae nui, me te te mauiui.

Ia ko tana tahu kohia pakiwaitara, te tukatuka ake whakaari. I roto i te maimoatanga i roto i te Caucasus i hanga whakaari aru'i "Forest Song", he whiti whakaari "takaro" ropi e lyric-epic whakatapua Ivanu Franko.

Ki runga ki rupe ako o te mate a tona tamahine, mai te whaea ki Georgia, e tuhi i raro i tona mangai whakamutunga toe whakaari oti - ". I te takutai o Arehanaria"

ka mate te rohi pehe nui Ukrainian i runga i Hōngongoi 19 (August 1) i roto i 1913 i roto i te pa Hōriana o Surami. Ko 42 nga tau ia. i tanumia ia i roto i Kiev i te urupā Baikove.

Mō reira - i roto i tona reo taketake

Haurongo o Lesya Ukrainka i te Iukereiniana, e tapaea tatou i roto i tenei tuhinga poto pūrongo roto kē mōhiohio e pā ana ki tona ora. Mother arero o te rohi pehe e tomo tona wairua me te pai te māramatanga o tona ao i roto:

"Lesya Ukrainka - psevdonіm vidatnoї ukraїnskoї pismennitsі, poetesi, Perekladach, dіyacha ahurea. Spravzhnє іm'ya - Larisa Petrіvna Kosach.

Kua mіstі 25 1871 iwi Dire Novogradі-Volins'ka i rodinі dvoryanskіy. Hangaia e Mother poetesi bula vіdomoyu pismennitseyu scho pid psevdonіmom - Olena Pchіlka. Batko CCB visokoosvіchenim pomіschikom. Uncle Lesі - vіdomy vcheny, іstorik Michael Dragomanov.

I roto i domі Kosachіv nerіdko zbiralisya tsіkavі, osvіchenі gostі, vlashtovuvalisya domashnі kōnohete i tapu, kaiuru yakih Stavan dіti.

navchalasya Les i vchitelіv Private. I 6 rokіv vmіla vzhe vishivati pai.

1881 pakeke ki zahvorіla tuberkuloz kіstok.

Hauora Protection roto te mira huri zmushena o o Kyiv, de teina navchalasya wa іz i roto i te vchitelіv tūmataiti ki Kolodyazhni (rіdny Mayetok i runga i Volinі). W Sotaiete materі vivchaє іnozemnі MTIE (frantsuzku, nіmetsku e INSHI).

I roto i te 1884 rozpochinaєtsya її kaha poetesi dіyalnіst yak. Lvivske vidavnitstvo "Zorya" drukuє Pershi vіrshі "Konvalіya" Sappho "ia INSHI.

1885 vihodit її Iukereiniana pereklad tvorіv Mikoli Gogolya.

Nadalі Won bagato perekladala: Homer, Heine, Mіtskevicha, Hugo.

I te 19 rokіv ūnga pіdruchnik іstorії mō tuahine svoїh.

H 1891 o bagato mandruє Galicia kraїnami Єvropi, vіdvіduє Gruzіyu, Іtalіyu, Єgipet. Znayomitsya o vіdomimi dіyachami svіtovoї e ukraїnskoї ahurea. prozhivaє haora Deyaky i Sofії i matua keke.

E mea pinepine tsі podorozhі vimushenі noho Zdorov'ya pismennitsі. wehia piro ale th Nadzvychaina sytuatsia rozshiryuyut її krugozіr e nadihayut i runga i tvorchіst. Її poezіya - charіvnі zbіrki vіrshіv "Vіdguki" Osіnnya Tale "," kourarangi pіsen "," ka Pisni e pā ana ki "karakia whakaari" Kasandra ", he whakaari-feєrіya" Lisova pіsnya "ia INSHI - prosyaknutі lyubov'yu ki te iwi Svoge taua yogo іstorії, zaklikom viboryuvati tonu wahi whakarunga.

I roto i te serpnі Won pobiraєtsya o Klimentієm Kvіtkoyu, yaky її schiro Kochav. prozhivayut Molodі i Krim. Hoki pіdozroyu neblagonadіynostі Tau i te rōrahi runga kvartirі zdіysnyuєtsya zhandarmsky obshuk, pukapuka viluchayutsya.

Ostannі Rocky Zhittya Lesі Ukrїnki haere i te utu teitei e lіkuvannі. Won vіdvіduє Yalta Batumі, Tbіlіsі, Kiev, Odessa, Єvpatorіyu, їzdit i konsultatsії ki Berlіnu, lіkuєtsya i Єgiptі.

Mate Lipnya 1913 vіtsі toka poetesa 19 i 42 rokіv i mіstі Suramі (Gruzіya) ".

tona motó

Ko te leitmotif o auahatanga me Lesia Ukrainka taea oraraa taatoa moto ki te whakaaro ana kupu:

"Ni, e hiahia ana ahau smіyatis slozi krіz,

Kei te upoko tomo Herete pisni spіvati,

Te kore ano spodіvatis o Hope,

Zhiti hiahia! Haere i roto i dumi sumnі! "

He ngā me te maere ia haurongo

Kaipānui ngākau nui kaituhi auaha te rohi pehe ranei, te tai'oraa i te haurongo mōhiohio, e hiahia ana ki te tiki ki te mohio ki a ia, hiahia i roto i te oraraa o te tūemi i roto i nei e kitea to ratou whakapakoko te anaanaraa me atu momo. Here te tahi mau meka ngā i te haurongo o Lesya Ukrainka.

E ai ki connoisseurs o tona ora, me te mahi, aroha te punake "kuhovarit". tunua ia rōpere raumati me te here tāmi. A kotahi kawea, ka whakatokia e rua rakau dogwood. Ratou mau tonu hua. Ko ratou whewhe hua tāmi he kaimahi o te whare taonga i roto i te kainga Kolodyazhni inaianei.

E ai ki ana whanaunga, i roto i taime o te lucidity, ka tuku haere o te mate, tunua ia rēmana mazurkas whakamiharo.

He kua he tightening mauiui i roto i te marama torutoru, he wā ka Les tika ki te mate kore noa i taea te tiki atu i o moenga. Otiia kihai i ngaro ia ngakau, rumakina i roto i te auahatanga, te whakawhanake ratou taranata.

Ona hononga ki tangata - he kanapa, tinihanga, me te te maere ataahua - tika o te pukapuka. Tona aroha pono tuatahi, 15 tau o te tau i mau Lesya, ko Maxim Slavinskiy (18 tau). kitea ana tēnei aroha e roto i tona mahi, otiia kihai i te hononga roa.

He patunga mauiui i roto i tona ngakau mahue i roto i 1897. Nestor Gambarashvili taitamariki ākonga Georgian quartered i Kosachev. Ua haapii ratou reo ia atu o: ko reira tana - te French, i ia - Georgian. A, no te marenatia Nestor tetahi, i matau Lesia hepohepo kahore rohe. I muri i 45 tau, ka tangi te aroha o mua i te urupa o tona aroha.

Sergey Merzhinsky - he tangata i whakarere, he te ōhakitia hohonu i runga i tona ora. tutaki ratou i te huihui, me te hohoro kitea he reo noa, ahakoa te meka ka e ite Les taua mamae pouiri e ētahi wā i takoha ki te maturuturu ki te pae hihiri mo te wa roa ki te noho tonu.

kihai i taea e ia te whakahoki kupu ki a ia i roto i hoki, kia rite ki whakapono fakamātoato e no te mea o tona mate ko te pikaunga ki te aroha. whakaae e ia i te meka e ka waiho hei hoa noa.

Ko kua patua te mate Merzhinsky. Ko te moni nui rawa ranei kino, Les rapu ki te whakaora i te tetahi aroha kei i runga i ohipa i tona ra ro'i, me te po. Heoi, he ahua nui o te mate kohi ahu whakamua, me te mate Sergei i roto i ona ringa. Les pupuri ake te aroha hoki ia. Mai i tenei i runga i, mau ia kakahu mangu anake.

I muri i ono nga tau o pānuitanga tuhituhi, tutaki ia Klimentom Kvitkoy, he kaiwhakatangitangi rongonui, me te folklorist. I roto i tona ngakau tonu ia ki te ora Merzhinsky, engari whakaae ia te tuku Kvitki. o ta ratou faaipoiporaa e ono nga tau, me te mutu ki te mate o te rohi pehe.

Kei te mea te reira e na aroha Clement Lesya e i wa wa ki te hoko i te taonga ki, taonga ki te moni ki te hoatu tona maimoatanga. Ko ia e kore e taea ki te whakarerea noatia te tiaki wawe o tana wahine. I muri i te mate ia i ora ai Kvitka mo wha tekau nga tau, te mauiui, me te tukuaki'i ia mo te mea i mahue ia ia anake.

Haurongo o Lesya Ukrainka (rite pai rite tona mahi) - he fakangalongata'a kanapa, pūmanawa,. He raupapa o ahuareka me mamae o te faaururaa whiti me te whawhai ki te mate, whakatutukitanga auaha me te hōhā hinengaro, whiwhinga fakalaumālie tiketike, me te mate o te aroha. Ko tētahi o nga kaitito pai me kaituhi o Ukraine, kua mahara te reira mo tona mahi ngingila kore anake, engari tona hiahia parakore ki ora pono me te aroha.