He aha te mea tao'a? Materialist - ko wai te mea tenei?

Ko wai te mea te materialist? I mua i tatou mahi ki tenei ariā, e hiahia ana koe ki te whai i te māramatanga o te whakamāramatanga o te nounou tao'a. Mua roa, tenei puka o monism taumauri, e kī e te taonga taketake ko te taonga i roto i te natura, a e katoa (tae atu ki te mahara me te Piripīni) ko te hua o ngā taunekeneke tinana. Nä, ko te materialist - he kaitautoko o te whakaaro o te nounou tao'a tona mono ranei.

Te hononga ki ētahi atu outlook taumauri

Kei te tata hono nounou tao'a ki physicalism. Tenei aronga taumauri whakamārama ana he ao i roto i nei taata katoa i roto i te ahupūngao, me ona ture. physicalism taumauri matara tipu i te nounou tao'a no te mea e pā ana tona mārika ki kitenga tinana.

iti te nounou tao'a ki te pūtaiao tangohia, i roto i tona tautohe ki reira he anake wāhi-wā, pūngao tinana, mea pouri, kaha me te tahi atu whānui mea hypothetical. Ko te kupu, ko te whāinga whānui o enei ngā, ka taea e tatou te mea e he rite ratou, engari e kore e whakamahi i enei kupu mea whakawhitiwhiti.

E rua ngā wāhanga matua o ngā taumauri

Materialist - he muimui o te ao taumauri, no ki te piha o te ontology monist, pehi idealism, dualism me pluralism nei mau parau tumu. humarie taea tatou te mea e nounou tao'a - ko te koaro oti o idealism. titau i Materialists he tuatahi e mea, me te he tuarua mahara. Na tautohe idealists katoa rite te ritenga.

Ahakoa te maha nui o ngā kura o whakaaro me nga mita olopoto i waenganui i nga kāwai matua e rua o te kaupapa ko reira tonu nounou tao'a, me te idealism. Mai i enei rōpū mai katoa atu momo ao e te whatua e huri noa i te ariā matua o te mārika rōpū.

He he ano hoki te ariā taumauri motuhake - he dualism: te tirohanga e faufaa a te whakawhanake i mahara i roto i motuhake whakarara o tetahi ki tetahi wā.

Ko te mau philosopho materialist

I roto i te rau tau 19, Karl Marx me Friedrich Engels kua whakawhānui te ariā o te nounou tao'a, whakawhanakehia te aronga hou taumauri "nounou tao'a mita" (40 tau). Heoi, e kore ratou i mahi i roto i te wā taua. I whakaurua tuatahi tenei ingoa Iosif Ditsgen i 1887.

ngako Poto o nga mau haapiiraa o Marx me Engels ko e te turanga o te ao - he mea, me mahara - ona taonga. Movement me te whanaketanga o te ao, pera i te nounou tao'a mita, ko nga hua o ngā whakahēnga fakalaumālié. ture ngā "nounou tao'a mita" (haapotohia) ko - tapatahi, me te aroraa o pato'iraa, te whāhau o ine ki te kounga huringa, te ture o "whakakorehanga o whakakorehanga."

whakaaro puna ariā o te nounou tao'a mita te ki kia arohaehae hou te dialectic whai, o Hegel me whakaako taumauri o te nounou tao'a o Feuerbach.

Famous materialists Russian - ko:

• Varfolomey Zaytsev (i ora ai 1842-1878) - he fakaanga tuhituhi pai-mohiotia me 60raa nihilist o te rau tau 19.
• Nikolai Kareev (i ora ai 1850-1931) - sociologist, philosopho. Best mohiotia hoki tana mahi: "Ko te kaupapa o te hītori ahurea me te pāpori o ngā wā hou", "Old me rangahau hou i runga i te nounou tao'a ōhanga".
• Matvey Troitsky (i ora ai 1835-1899) - māngai o te kaupapa tëtehi i Russia. Ko te kaiwhakarewa o te tuatahi "Moscow Psychological Society." Ko te mahi tino faahiahia, e whakaahua ana i nga taketake o te nounou tao'a - ko te "Tuhinga runga i te pānuitanga o metaphysics Ahorangi Lotze."
• Dmitri Pisarev (i ora ai 1840-1868) - he Revolutionary Democrat rongonui, buka me fakaanga tuhituhi. Ko tētahi o nga māngai tino rongonui o te "Heoi".
• Nikolay Dobrolyubov (i ora ai 1836-1861) - he pāhoro Democrat, pehe me te buka. He akonga o te nounou tao'a, empiricism me egoism kouma. tohe ia e tetahi he priori mana ko te kōrero, me te tuatahi o te ao - ko te mea.

He aha te mea te kaikaute-materialist?

Kua rongo ake koe o te tikanga taua? Ko wai te mea tenei? Tenei Specialist Kaikaute o teitei te taumata tohu o te tari kaute rauemi i te kamupene. Tenei anga te kawenga mō te hunga wāhanga o te mahi kaute, hoki nei te piri ai, kia rite ki te tangata haepapa.

kahore ki te mahi ki nga rapunga whakaaro me ngā ia te ingoa o tenei tikanga kua. "Materialist Kaikaute" - ko te ingoa whānui noa mō te kaimahi tari kaute nei mau ohipa e ngā ngā wāhanga, i runga i te whānuitanga o ngā mahi o te hinonga rānei tenei.