He aha te mea te bachelor: te kupu

Pea torutoru o te whakatupuranga o muri e taea te whakamārama i te iti rawa kia kua matau, e taua cottager ranei. hinga te kupu i roto i a te reo ia rā. iwi pakeke pāhono tenei wā tikanga ki te ariā o "bachelor", engari he nui whānui tona auraa.

te wā rangirua

Ko te kupu he maha taurite. zahrebetnik reira me mahi, kaimahi me te sharecropper, he kaimahi, me te bachelor, me kotahi, e kore nezhenatik noho, e kore te rangatira, ara he moke, me te proletarian. Whakarāpopoto nga taurite katoa, kia taea e koe te whakahoki i te pātai o te mea te cottager. Ko te tangata tenei, kahore whare ranei te kāinga. O te akoranga, te wahine ranei. Bach - e kore te ōrite tangohia. Ko te wā "kōpuha" kua he tae fakamamahi. Ko tenei matua e kore ko te ana'e tika he tangata, engari he tangata rawakore faufaa, me te kore e ngā, rawakore, me te (te taonga e taea te maha te hoko i te moni i roto i iho), he hohonu pouri i roto i tona koroheketanga, ka taea tetahi mea whakapai ake i tona aitua.

E whakaatu ana ngā kaupapa i roto i te tuhinga, me te toi

kua unu te tangata taua V. G. Perov. huaina te pikitia iti te "kutā-kōpuha". e kore kākaá me tumanako tenei tangata meapango. Rawakore, ki te u tonu, pinea te ora o te tangata, ia i roto i tenei ao hiahia kahore tetahi. tukua e ia te pai-mau, engari pūtu me araa, e taea e ia etahi ahua o te waina, nui reira waiata. Tonu, tona nui atu pouri. A oti rawa kore tetahi mahi ki te iwi i peia. Sergei Yesenin kua pinching kōrero "Bobyl ko Pal." Faahinaaro o Sergei Lemeshev maheni "Song peia manene" i tona wāwāhi, e haamata ki te kupu "Ehara i te whare ranei te kāinga."

he apatoko piha haapiiraa

Na he aha te mea te bachelor? tangata mokemoke pathetic? Na tenei, rawa. Ko te wā hutia i roto i te mua tawhiti (tohutoro tuatahi 1500 e pā ana ki te tau), tohu te reira i te tetahi ahua o kaimahi. Kamornikov, Bobylev, holupnikami, ka karanga kutnikami whenua kore ranei te mau melo whenua-rawakore o tenei piha. i utua Nā ki te bobyli rawakore tino ki te manaaki i mo te oranga. i pera rawakore e i tetahi wa kihai i takohatia e me kua huaina enei iwi - bestyagolnye, netyaglovye. Otiia mai 1631 bobyli, i tona marae, ka whai wāhi i roto i te whakatau i te mahi moni, me te mahi. Otiia i 1679 th taua maitai bobyli me tāke wehea kupu pera a kaimahi. I roto i tenei take, ka taea te whakahoki te pātai e he cottager e whai ake: ko ia he tangata, i takoha ki te whai wāhi i roto i te mahi utu.

E ai ki te tetahi putanga, ka puta te bobyli tuatahi i te mutunga o te rau tau XV i Moscow. huaina ana tēnei wā ko te pononga o te kirimana. Te āhuatanga i ratou nui kino atu i o te iwi e te hunga i roto i te pononga i te rangatira no te mahi cottager i te mahi o te rangatira, tangohia o tika katoa, ka haunga, ka here i ano ki te utu i tetahi takoha (te nuinga o reira ko pupirikana utu utu mo to ratou haere noa). I roto i te ngaro oti o te moni, me te eita o ratou moni me te haere ake ki kore e taea e kino.

Dog-rawakore

No mea te tini o te kaiwhakaatu o te kupu, ko te ngako ko e he tangata rawakore i roto i Russia hunga ia e karangatia whenua kore,. Ka rite ki tuhia i runga ake, te wa tuatahi ka puta te wā i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau XVI. ka anga Moscow karaipi ki te whakamahi i te kupu me "pozemschikami" me "iwi nepashennymi." I raro i te katoa o enei ingoa e pā ana ki te iwi e kore e nei i to ratou ake whenua. Ko ratou nga kaimahi me te iwi ahumahi: parakimete me Sweden Kalachnikov, cobblers, hepara. Ko ētahi o ēnei i roto i te tahi mau tatauranga Zemsky rikona me te pupirikana. Na roto i te tāupe bobylkam me pouaru rawakore.

Takoha utua e te katoa

Ka rite ki kua tuhia, kua takohatia e te hunga i huaina whenua kore, me te kaimahi, rite katoa i roto i Russia. utua ratou me yamskih me papai moni (momo o takoha), engari kua wehea enei takoha rerekē. Ki te takoha i runga i nga peasants ka mau Soham (wae pupirikana-aufauraa i o taake i roto i Russia i te XIII ki rau XVII), i te whenua kore, a ka mau te iwi nepashennyh ratou puku, mahi toi, me te whatianga. Ko te kupu, kia rite ki "rau" (karaipi pukapuka pūkete ranei) i roto i 1627 ki te takoha o te peasants ka mau i runga i te whenua parahua me te whenua, me te whenua kore - Fisheries me he pukukai,. I roto i enei pukapuka, te kupu "bachelor" - he wā ture, whakatau nei kaihe no tetahi, i nei takoha takoha.

wahi pouri i roto i te hītori

Na reira, o te akoranga, ka whakaara ake te pātai o ngā mārama, me te mārama "pozemschiki" ranei "iwi nepashennye" i roto i te rau tau XVI, kua meinga te aha te whakakapinga kerekere te kupu "bachelor". He he rota o unknown, a wahi i roto i te tuhinga e kore e whakapūtā he aha. kihai i "te iwi Nepashennye" mo te wahi tino anake, kua whānau ratou, i ētahi wā i reira nga peasants apinganui, e kua kore i kitea mo te kore whenua. māngai City o tenei rōpū i roto i te mahi, engari hoki peasants bobyli i tetahi mea. Ki te tangohia e ratou te whenua, me te i roto i te mahi, anake ki te tukatuka, engari e kore hoatu tona iari. Nuinga o ngā wā i ora ai bobyli-peasants i roto i monasteries, ano tukinotia whenua o ētahi atu iwi, me te kua utua tetahi takoha. Me ahau mea e ki te haerenga mai o te rau tau XVII o serfdom me te tāpiritanga o peasants inaianei tino mau ake i roto i te parau-tia ore hou ki te whenua kore.

Tawhiti me te wareware

Hei hei whenua kore, i ahau ki te tuhituhi "record takoha bobylskuyu utu", rite ki nei tangohia te tangata e o tika, a mo te kai, me te riro etahi kakahu mau ohipa anake. I te taua ngā whakaae iwi anake rawa rawakore, no te mea ratou mau utua ki pononga. I roto i tenei take, ki te kupu "bachelor" he ōrite ki te tikanga o te kupu "proletarian": kahore ki te ngaro ko ratou mekameka i tokorua o ratou.

Ko e mo'oni, kōpuha - he wā e kua neke atu i te kotahi te tikanga, ki te ruku koe ki te mauri o te pātai. Hoki te whakatupuranga o nāianei, e tohe mo te haere noa pūmau, te mea te reira mohoao, ara te kupu "bachelor", he aha i reira cottager. Tenei wā ka whakaaro i roto i te tikanga. A ki te pātai e pā ana ki te āhua o huaina te kupu ko te taata faaapu e kore e whai te wahi o te whenua, ki te whakahoki rawa i te torutoru.

Te mea faahiahia, Ko hoki te Etymology o te wā e kore e mārama. He maha ngā kōwhiringa, engari he reira plausible atu ki te whakaaro e e herea takenga o te kupu ki "pini" - he tohu o te rawakoretanga. "E noho i runga i te pīni" - ngaro katoa.