He aha te mea te pūnaha "Perimeter" me pehea te mahi i te reira. pūnaha karihi "Perimeter"

I roto i te whakautu ki ngā tata i roto i te ao: raruraru, te kāwanatanga, me te pakanga patu i roto i Ukraine, papā o te pānga, me te whakaora o nga militants Islamic State i Hiria ko Putu, raruraru haumarutanga motu riro tetahi o nga take te ao rû roa. I te wa ka nga whenua nui kua ranei he āheinga karihi, te faaineine ki te tiki i te reira ranei, kahore tetahi i roto i te ao e kore e taea e tino mohio o tona heke mai. Na te kino a kia puta kohu ki te tangata o Russia heke mai, te atu whenua uru nga aukati me nuitia faaite ratou poauau i te mahi o to tatou whenua.

I runga i nga mau api o maha tānga Western, i roto i te reo Ingarihi-korero whatunga pāpori me blogs, i reira e kua pinepine o tuhinga tika karanga mo te tīmatanga o ngā mahi hōia ki Russia. Na he aha katoa e kore e tīmata i te roha tuwhera? Mahi mutu matou hoa Pākehā me te American whakaaetanga hainatia i mua? A he aha, na, ko te taua whakaritenga e kore ārai ratou i tīmatanga ki te karawhiuwhiu i Iraq poma Hiria ko Putu? Aha me te reira i te poipoi o "takaí karaka" i roto i te lepupilika Soviet mua, a he aha e mea faufaa no te ki te US tuu pere turanga korero i roto i to ratou rohe?

Ko tētahi o nga whakautu ki nga pātai taea te mahi rite te whakaaro tino o te oraraa o taua patu, ka rite ki te pūnaha o te utu tino whakaunga "Perimeter".

hanganga o te ariā

Kia haere a hoki mo te kau i roto i te wa, me te whakaaro pehea to tatou utuafare i ora i roto i te "pakanga matao." Piri kati "pihi", te aroaro o te "hoariri waho" kaha, me te tipu tonu, kaitautoko kore ake iti iho ranei mana noa atu. I roto i tenei āhuatanga, i tetahi patu pai-whakanohoia taea waiho te whakamutunga mo to tatou whenua. Na te huru atu kukū, te atu pārongo e pā ana ki te ariā o iti American te whawhai karihi puta i roto i te press. E ai ki tenei ako, fakahu'unga he patu preemptive ki te USSR te whakangaromanga oti rite te pokapū matua whakahau o te Union, me te whakahau wāhanga matua o te pūnaha, "Kazbek", me te uaua rahi o ngā hononga RVSN.

I roto i te taua i te āhuatanga e mahi i te poutoa, me te tata ngaro e te kāwanatanga? Anake whakamutunga nui, me te ataahua ki te slam te tatau, kia nui ai te "miro" mo te wa roa mahara. Writing whawhai whakamutunga roa horihori, mahia te patu karihi rautipu ina ka waiho i te pere arahina kahore i mahue tetahi. Ko reira ki enei whakaaro, ka whakaturia e pā ana ki te ārahi kaipūtaiao Soviet i roto i te whanaketanga o tetahi o te kino pu hou ake e mahara rite "patu mamingatia".

Na, he aha te mea te pūnaha Russian "Perimeter"? A he aha te mea tona āhuatanga matua? "Perimeter" pūnaha - "Dead Hand" - he huinga o te mana aunoa o te patu karihi nui. Ko te whakaaro matua o te reira - he ki te whakarite i te whakarewatanga kī o missiles karihi i roto i te taviniraa ki te Soviet Union, i roto i te hui e ka mamae te whenua te patunga ki te hoariri, e ka whakangaromia wae whakahau katoa, e taea o hoatu te tikanga ki te hoki mai te nekeneke.

Ko te kupu, i runga i te mahere o ratou kaihanga, te pūnaha karihi "Perimeter" taea hanga i te faaineineraa, me te whakarewa o tākirirangi ara i roto i te take, ki te i patua katoa, a ki te tono kia e waiho te reira tangata tika. Ko tenei whakaaro o utu, te whakaputa kē i raro i te mate o te pūnaha, ka riro i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru tona ingoa tuarua - "ringa mate". I roto i te Te Tai Rāwhiti i huaina ai atu ïa - "Ko te ringa o te reinga."

parau tumu o te mahi

Ko te ngā o te pūnaha haumaru paenga o te rohe whenua e rua tamataraa ao. Tuatahi, i te pūnaha ki te hoatu i etahi ahua o te mātauranga horihori i te wa e tika, i taea ki te mahino takitahi e ko reira tona wa ia. Tuarua, ko reira ano hoki e tika ana ki te patuiro me ngā kōwhiringa atu, ka rere i te hōtaka i roto i te take o ohorere. Mämä noa iho, ko reira ki te e taea ki te aroturuki i te āhua o te taiao, te taki e pā ana ki te tohu rerekē rau, me te he ahua o "wahia whawhati tata", e pahono ki te tikanga tika o te haerenga.

I muri e rave rahi ngana huakore, kua taea ki te hanga i matatini, e, rite maere rite kia tangi ai, tino whakatau ratou whakaritenga katoa nga ngā. Na te aha i meatia ratou?

Ka rite ki mohiotia, e taea tetahi nāianei i roto i te pere ao piki ki te rangi anake i roto i te take kotahi - Ki te reira te mea he whakahau mārama. Ko te tukanga mō te whakawhitinga o te tikanga taua, ko te ridiculously ohie. Whakahaua rārangi kōrero e tonoa he waehere, e tango i nga makawe katoa ki te pūnaha, me homai whakaaetanga mō te pātīmata engine. ara te tākirirangi ki te rangi, ka kawea ki tona whāinga. Ko te aha e meatia e koe ka ki te whai wāhi te tono i reira?

I roto i tenei take, ki te ohipa e hoatu whakahau horo'ahia pūnaha "Perimeter". ako ia te āhuatanga, me te tātari i te āhuatanga tōrangapū roto, o waho, te ngaro aroaro o te kōrero ranei ki te tokotoko, me te mara hiko puta noa te whenua, ka mau te whakatau, me te hoatu i te whakahau ki te tīmata.

I te tohu i te hōtaka atamai whakatika tetahi tākirirangi kotahi ki te rangi, e kore rere mohio a hoariri, a roto i te wāhi matua o te Soviet pūnaha pere karihi. Ko tenei tākirirangi, e, rite te matatini katoa rite te katoa, i te taitara "Perimeter". A kua Kei reira na roto i te te whakamahi i tona reo irirangi, ka tukua atu he tohu o te kaha hōia katoa o te whenua. Kia oti te waehere kua riro, e pakunga boosters ngā me mothballed katoa ki te hoa whawhai e kiia. Heoi tahuri a tawhio noa wikitoria whai i te iti rawa i te hinga kuru.

History o hanga

"Perimeter" pūnaha utu i "hapu" hoki i roto i August o 1974, ka te mahi, ko te ki te whakawhanake i tētahi pūnaha pere motuhake kua hoatu kua i roto i te mua o "Southern". I te tīmatanga, ka rite ki te tauira taketake o te tākirirangi i whakaritea ai ki te whakamahi i te MR-UR-100, engari i muri noho i runga i MR UR1000UTTH.

kaupapa Tauira oti i roto i Hakihea 1975. E ai ki a ia, i runga i te tākirirangi ki te tāuta wahi matenga motuhake, e ngā te pūnaha irirangi whakawhanakehia e OKB LPI. I tua atu i reira tika hoki ki te waihanga me te hōtaka stabilization ki puta noa tona rere, ko te tākirirangi he takotoranga tamau i roto i te wāhi.

Flight whakamātautau o te tākirirangi oti i whakahaeretia i raro i te te tirotiro o te State Komihana, a ki te whai wāhitanga whaiaro o te Tumuaki Tuarua o ngā kaimahi o te Rautaki pere Forces V. V. Korobushina. Hei kawe i te whakamātautau i hoatu tekau missiles ōrite, engari kua kia angitu i whakaritea ai ki te mutu i whitu waipūtanga te torutoru tīmata tuatahi.

I roto i te whakarara, i hanga ano hoki he Pūwhakarewa motuhake - 15P716. E ai ki te kōrero riro, ko te whakahau pere, me te fariiraa i ngā pūrere e whakarato fariiraa o whakahau me waehere whakahau i missiles ona wāhanga matua.

E ai ki ngā pūrongo kua kore e Pūwhakarewa aku he tino haumaru momo OS matatini, engari e kore e waho te taea o te whakarite missiles whakahau me ētahi atu momo o te pāpāho.

I muri kua rere whakamatautau nga kaihanga o te matatini kua tēra ki te whakawhanake i atu āhuatanga matatau e kia hoatu e koe te tikanga ki te whakarewa i missiles kore matatini hāngai whenua-anake, engari ano hoki submarines karihi, me te roa-whānui rererangi me te rererangi pere manuao (rite tu i runga i te whenua, me whawhai ohipa) .

I te pae hopea i oti te mahi katoa i runga i te pūnaha "Perimeter" i roto i te Maehe 1982, me i Hānuere 1985, te matatini kua hoatu ki runga ki ohipa, te wahi i mahi noa te mutunga o 1995.

Wae ngā i roto i te huinga o "Perimeter"

O te akoranga, te whakaahuatanga tangohia o ngā wāhanga katoa o te pūnaha, me te tikanga o to ratou pāhekoheko ki ia atu hea. Heoi, ara i raro i kōrero i te kōrero tino autaki e paenga pūnaha haumaru o te rohe kāwanatanga - he matatini maha-mahi matatini, rite rawa ki te momo o rerekē rārangi kōrero me foaki.

He maha ngā whakapae e pā ana ki te hātepe o te matatini. I roto i te take tuatahi, ko te whakapono te reira e, te runga mataara tamau, "Perimeter" e raraunga i ngā pūnaha aroturuki maha, tae atu te hunga i te faaararaa wawe whakaeke hihiani pere. I muri e tuku te tohu riro ki pou kupu motuhake maha, e kua kei i te tawhiti nui i ia atu, me o ratou pānuitanga tārite (kua kore e tika wha taua pou).

Ko reira i roto i ēnei wāhanga, me te te hāngai wāhanga tino pūngāwerewere "Perimeter" - ona matua pūnaha mana-whakahau motuhake. Tenei kōwae, e kua nga āhuatanga katoa o te mātauranga horihori, ahei o Whakarāpopoto nga raraunga tuku i nga pou kitea rerekē, ki te utu i te mutunga e pā ana ki te tūponotanga o te whakaeke karihi. Tenei ko ohie te parau tumu o te mahi ki te rohe, me te te i runga i te whakaū o te tikanga taketake wha.

I muri te tātari i te raraunga riro katoa, mutunga te pūnaha e, ahakoa mahia e te whawhai karihi. I muri i taua, e taki ana i te reira mo te kōrero ki te General kaimahi. Ki te he reira te hononga, kei te timata kē te reira ki te riro kē pūnaha tarakita te atu ano. Ki te kupu e whakahokia e kore tetahi i te tari matua, tamata te hōtaka ki te hono ki te matua anti-pere paruru i te whenua - "Kazbek". Ki te kahore he kupu whakahoki, ka tuku i te pūnaha te tika ki te whakatau ki tetahi tangata i runga i tenei wāhi i roto i te piringa whakahau. Ki te kore e kore tikanga, ka anake haamata te hōtaka ki te whakahaere.

Ko tētahi atu kē o te pūnaha faaore te taea o te mātauranga horihori. fokotu'u mai e ia missiles tīmatanga whakahau ā-. E ai ki tenei ariā, nuke he katoleta mīharo i roto i te ringa o te matenga o te kāwanatanga. A ka taea e te feia faatere i te whenua o hoatu te pūnaha i roto i te aratau whawhai, ina tango, ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te tono o te patu karihi nui.

I muri i taua, ki te he te reira hoki e kore e he haora riro nga tohu hou, me te kore e taea te tiki i roto i te pa ki tetahi o te pokapū whakahau, te pūnaha "Perimeter" ka tīmata aunoa Russia ngā tukanga utu. Ki te tae mai te reira ki te kaimahi tohu i te whakaoho teka, ngā pūnaha haumaru katoa "Perimeter" haere ano ki te aratau aroturuki. (Īhaka whakakore i te tikanga katoa e pā ana ki 15 meneti.)

Wāhi "Perimeter"

E ai ki ngā puna kua kore e, te matua ringa Russian - te pūnaha tiaki katoa "Perimeter" - e kei roto i te Urals, i roto i te Maunga Kosvinsky Kamen. Kei tēnei awhe maunga e pā ana ki te kohatu Konzhakovsky i te Urals Northern, tae reira he teitei o 1519 mita me te tito te nuinga o te pyroxenite me duanitov. Ko te whakawhetai ki a ia, ka taea e tatou te mea takenga tūturu te tank, rite ki te kairīpoata American Blair, ko te kaupapa o tenei faahiahia i te strategists American mai reira i roto i te tīwae katoa ofa'i, ka taea e koe te pupuri i roto i te pa te whakamahi i VLF tohu irirangi (whakatō ara i roto i te mata o karihi whawhai) ki ngā pūnaha katoa o te rererangi rautaki Russian.

Tuatahi he wahi mo hanga i te piringa i mahi rite ururua he maina konukawata whakapae, i roto i, me te o ratou kua te ahanoa o te ngaro. Duanity, e ko te kohuke matua mo te hanga o refractories, he ngaru irirangi poraka matawai me taea te hoariri ki te kitea tohu irirangi tauwāhi ahanoa tika.

Ki te whakarite supply ore o atu rārangi mana piringa i whakanohoia taha ia, whakatakotoria he piriti hou a hanga he huarahi paru. Ko te kainga tata Kytlym āta tupu ki te rahi o te puni hōia, he tīmata mahi i runga i te hanganga o nga whare hou mo nga hoia me rangatira, tāuta atu hanganga.

Ko te matatini matua o patu

Ko te āhuatanga matua o te pūnaha tiaki ( "Perimeter", rite ki kua i te kaipānui matau) ko te tu-anake whakahau-IPS, e ngā i roto i tona hanganga o nga mea katoa o pokapū raraunga me te tātaritanga me missiles whakahau matatini.

I roto i te pūnaha e hanga ake te "Perimeter", e taea te tāutuhia motuhake:

• Centre Hospitalier pūnaha whakahaere whawhai, kei roto i te rohe Sverdlovsk raro i te maunga Kosvinsky Kamen.
• Ko te whakahau pokapū turanga, me te mana.
• 1353 whakahau me te mana pokapū kei roto i te rohe o Sumy, i roto i Glukhov (1990 ki te 1991) me te whakawhiti inaianei ki te pa Kartaly.
• 1193 whakahau me te mana pokapū (kei roto i te Nizhny Novgorod Region, i roto i te pa iti o Taupotu Konstantinovo-5 i roto i te 2005).
• 15P175 "Siren" - te compactor pūkoro missiles whakahau matatini.
• "Perimeter-RC" - he pūnaha whakahau pere hou ki te whakahau i runga i te pere RT-2PM "Topol" (whakamarie mo ohipa whawhai i roto i te 1990).

Developers

O te akoranga, te whanaketanga me te whakatū o te pūnaha o tenei taumata, me te tauine - ehara i te mea kotahi tekau tau. A, te hanga i te reira e kore e waiho taea kahore he mātau, me te pai te mahi maha kaipūtaiao pūmanawa. Mai te (pūnaha tiaki "ringa mate") "Perimeter", me te katoa o ona wāhanga, he tonu tino ngaro, a ka kitea ngā mōhiohio āmiki e pā ana ki ona kaihanga, me te kore e taea to ratou aitua.

I roto i te ngā nui o te pūnaha "Perimeter" āta mohio te ingoa o anake te tangata kotahi - Vladimir Yarynich e i muri tonu i te tiango o te Soviet Union ki te ora me te mahi i roto i te United States, te wahi korerotia ia i roto i te uiuiraa ki makasini Wired e pā ana ki te oraraa o te pūnaha utu kī "Perimeter". (I te ara, kia rite ki nga kupu Yarynich, ko te pūnaha i runga i te mana ā-te whakahohe, ka i te tikanga o te Upoko o State.)

Mō te tahi atu kaihanga o te matatini e mohiotia iti. Ko te kupu, te whai wāhitanga i roto i te hoahoa me te tāuta o te taputapu ka mau tetahi rota o kamupene. Key i roto ia ratou - he NGO "Impulse" arahina e V. I. Melnikova, CDB "Geophysics" i raro i te G. F. Ignateva, TSKBTM ki B. R. Aksyutinym me te tini ke atu.

Mahi i runga i te "Perimeter" i te mātakitaki e pera maha manatü rerekē me ngā pokapū, e tonu te mea e tatararaa i te meka i puritia te hanganga o te matatini he ngaro hoki na roa.

mana o nāianei, me te mahi o te matatini

Mō o tenei te whakarau "ringa mate," mohiotia iti te. E ai ki nga tuhinga, tu pūnaha haumaru paenga te whenua o roto i te taviniraa tae noa ki Pipiri 1995. Na reira, i roto i te anga o te kawenata i runga i tupe whānui, i nekehia atu te reira i te ohipa whawhai. E ai ki ētahi atu raraunga, he mea puta he hui nui i roto i Mahuru 1995, a kihai pūnaha haumaru paenga i nekehia atu, engari anake ake. A ki te whakakapi haere mai te rōpū tākirirangi 15A11 he whakatupuranga hou o te pere RT-2PM "Topol".

raraunga tika i runga i te āhua o ngā take o nāianei ko te wahi. Heoi, i roto i te 2009 ka korerotia ano te makasini American Wired ana kaipānui e te patu Russian - te pūnaha "Perimeter" - te vai tonu me te mahi tonu. whakapumautia enei raraunga i roto i Hakihea 2011, rangatira o te rautaki pere Forces, Rūtene-Tianara S. Karakaevym, ka mea ano nei i roto i te uiuiraa e ko te matatini i roto i te āhua hohe, me te kei i runga i mataara.

Hoki i ngā mātāpuna i hopukina e te tū te reira tonu i runga i ohipa "Perimeter" (pūnaha tiaki "mate ringa"), ka whakaaetia ka mea V. V. Putinu e he ahei o te mea e hiahia ana koe ki te whakangaro i te Hononga o Amerika i roto i iti iho i te toru tekau meneti Russia. I roto i te meka, i tenei ra ko te wa e ētahi wā ki te tiaki i nga ngākau nuitanga o te kāwanatanga, me te kore e waiho hira ki te whakawehi pera ki te korero, he hoariri.

e hiahia ana ahau ki te whakapono e te pūnaha "Perimeter" i roto i te 2014, he tonu i roto i te mahi tikanga, me te kore he iho ki te tauira o mua ona āhuatanga katoa.

Media e pā ana ki te "Perimeter"

Ka rite ki whakahuatia mua, ka puta te tānga matua o te pūnaha i roto i te 90 o te rau tau whakamutunga i roto i te mau ve'aa te hauauru, me te American. I whakaingoatia te reira i te pūnaha Wired niupepa "Perimeter" i roto i te "ringa mate". Ano, he maha o ngā tānga puritia me te maha o hautaka Japanese. Ki te ratou pūnaha ringa marama ka utu kī mohiotia rite te "Hand o te kāwhena."

I runga i te rohe o te Russian Federation, rite katoa lepupilika pou-Soviet, tuhinga e pā ana ki te matatini ko tino iti. Ko te mahi i te reira i roto i to ratou arotake whakahuatia anake te "Rossiyskaya Gazeta". pūnaha "Perimeter" "mate ringa" - enei me ingoa atu e uaua kitea i roto i te pāpāho. Ko te puna matua o te kōrero mo nga kaiwhakamahi Russian-korero e tonu raraunga tangohia i te Internet me te iritihia i reo ke.

US utu

E kore e taea e tatou te mea e ko te Soviet Union anake te whenua kua whakawhanakehia e taua patu. Heoi, i reira i i-tanguru 1961 tae noa ki Pipiri 24, 1990 i roto i te Amerika i te hōtaka, e kua waiwai te parau tumu whakahaere taua rite te pūnaha "Perimeter". I roto i te US, ko tenei matatini i "Te Mirror".

Ko reira mārama e te rerekētanga matua i waenganui i complexes American, me te Soviet takoto ïa i roto i te take tangata. i okioki te Hononga o Amerika i runga i te mahi arä o tona kupu, i roto i te Soviet Union hanga he patu mo nga wa tino kino. (A haamana'o na e i roto i te take o te riri ki tetahi tangata e tono i te whakamahinga o te pūnaha, kei i taua wa i roto i te piringa, ahakoa o tona ana'iraa me taitara.)

I roto i te US, te turanga o te matatini ko 11 rererangi, "Boeing EC-135c 'e tohu ana i te pokapū rangi whakahau matua o te Army US, a te 2 rererangi, e mohiotia ana ko" te kanohi o te kaititiro. " Tata tonu i roto i te rangi, tokanga'i rohe o tona whenua, e haere i runga i te Atlantic me ngā moana Kiwa. Crews whakahau Tuhinga pou o te 15 iwi, te maha o i i tino ki te whakauru i te iti rawa kia kotahi whānui, e i roto i te hui o tetahi riri waho taea wawe ki te tono i te ope karihi rautaki o te whenua.

I muri i te mutunga o te Cold War te United States i te tautoko i to ratou pūnaha i whakarerea, a inaianei kua kei katoa o te CPSU i turanga rangi wha o te whenua, me te kei i roto i te āhua o te hihiko whawhai tonu.

I tua atu ki tenei pūnaha i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite vai ano he missiles whakahau matatini kei roto i tekau taku Pu. "Mirror" Kua hoki kua tangohia i te ratonga i roto i te tīmatanga o 1991.

O te akoranga, i tenei ra e kore matou e wareware ki e, noa'tu te ngaro tenei pūnaha "Perimeter", engari te reira tonu te patu o te mua. I hanga te reira i roto i te "Cold War." A he pea reira i teie mahana, i reira he i te iti rawa hawhe te whakaritenga mō te taputapu hōia hou. Heoi, ko te meka mere e taua patu te tīariari e mahi i runga i tona patuiro ko tonu i raro i te ara, ko kē he take pai mo tumanako.