Hoa - he tono ... ki te kupu "hoa". Handling hoa tangata, hoa

Ko te kupu "hoa" - ko tetahi o te tūingoa tino pinepine whakamahia te reo Russian. Heoi, i tona uara matua tāpiri i te anō torutoru i roto i te tau whakamutunga rau. He aha e ratou a he aha te mea te rerekētanga i waenganui i te kupu "hoa", "hoa" me "tangata"?

Origin o te kupu

I runga i te aano rahi o Russia tahito mo te wa roa i reira ko te kupu ingoa "hoa". haere mai tenei ingoa i te tavar kupu Turkic, i whakawhiti ki "hua" (i ētahi wā kararehe atu taonga ranei).

Kei te whakapono te reira e te hoa taketake huaina kaihokohoko, motuhake i roto i te hoko o tetahi momo o taonga. Ko te aha na kua oti Etymology taua huringa whakaari - kei te mōhiotia.

Ano, i reira te mea he ahua wahine o te kupu "hoa" - he "tovarka". I roto i te rau tau XIX. Kei te kaha te whakamahia te reira i roto i te kupu. Heoi, i roto i te reo hou, Kei te kore whānui tono tenei noun.

Ko te tikanga tuku iho o te kupu "hoa"

Roa i mua i te hoa revolution 1917 huaina iwi piri i roto ratou ki te mahi noa ranei te mahi i runga i te take.

i hāngai ki te hunga e ako tahi ana, haere ririhau ranei tenei kupu. I roto i tenei whakaaro, tino noa he korokē kïwaha "hoa i roto i te kino."

Ahakoa te meka e i roto i te hononga ki te ngā kaupapa o 1917, kua riro tenei kupu he tikanga paku rerekē, i tenei ra kua whakamahia ano te reira i roto i tona tikanga tuku iho.

E hoa me te hoa: he aha te mea te rerekētanga

E faaauhia te rua o enei tūingoa, engari i reira he he rerekētanga rawa kitea i waenganui i a ratou.

Hoa - iwi hono ki ia atu whanaunga tata i runga i aroha, māramatanga, siokitá, me te whakawhirinaki. maha e ora ratou tata e ako ranei, i ētahi wā te mahi. Heoi, e kore e tumu enei āhuatanga, kia rite ki te mea i ētahi wā e kore hoa pono e ora tika i roto i nga pa, engari ano hoki i runga i te fenua takitahi.

Hoki auhoaraa e kore e hiahiatia tetahi hapori tinana ranei pāpori, i te ariā o te mahi ngātahi whakarato reira. Ahakoa e kore e taea te hoa pai mo te mahi, me te maha kia he hoa. A ehara i te mea kua ia etahi mau huru kino, engari no te mea o te kore o ofi wairua, i roto i te noa'tu o te take noa.

I roto i te meka, te take o te auhoaraa, rite te aroha, e tatararaa. Na hoa e maha nga iwi o te whenei pāpori tino rerekē (i roto i te Bibilia, no te tauira, whakaahua ana te aroha o te tama a Kingi Haora ko Rawiri te hepara).

Ko reira kore nohinohi ina mahi ki te tangata tata ki a ia, a ka riro ia rite te hoa-hoa. Ahakoa tenei taumata hononga tae taea te whakaritea e te tiaki poroporoaki ohie. Ki te ki te karanga ki runga, ki te hāngai me te noa te haamau'araa tahi wa tonu te wā o "wehenga" iwi - ka e tahoê ratou hoaraa e kore anake. E te ara, te faaiteraa o Pushkin "i hoa ki te mahi i tetahi mea," pā atu ki te ariā o te mahi tahi.

Tētahi atu mehua o te tāupe o enei ariā ko te meka e kore te kupu ingoa "hoa" ratou ake taurite, e hāngai ana ki te wā "hoa". Tenei "tuahine" me "Panibratov". I tua atu, tapa te ingoa "bromance" (i te whaiāipo teina Ingarihi) i roto i te tīmatanga o nga nineties ki te whakaahua i te auhoaraa tata āhua kore-fakasekisualé.

Ko wai i huaina hoa i roto i nga wa Soviet?

Ki te haere mai ki te mana o nga Kominiusi me te huringa i roto i te hanganga tōrangapū o te Russian Empire whakakahoretia taua maimoatanga rite "te Ariki / Madam", "ariki / e whae", "tou Honor", "tou kaha ka" me etahi atu.

No te haapapu i te ōritetanga te ao, e kore anake i roto i te mana pāpori, engari ano hoki i te ira tangata, maimoatanga "hoa" i whakaurua hoki te katoa.

Ko te hītori o tenei uara

Ko te iho ki te whakamahi i tenei kupu kia rite ki te maimoatanga puta i muri i te French Revolution. I muri i te hurihanga o te arikitanga me te maimoatanga o France ki te Republic reira ko he hiahia ki te whakamahi i te tono whānui ki tangata katoa, i roto i te tikanga ki te fakamamafa'i ratou taurite. Tuatahi ko tenei kupu "tangata» (citoyen), engari kihai i reira nui "orurehau" me i roto i te 1790 i whakakapi i te camarade (hoa).

ka rongonui te kupu i roto i te porohita antimonarchist ki te ringa marama o te French. Ko te kupu, te nuinga o te anarchist, kominiusi, whakahaere hapori, me te ara pāpori-manapori o te rau tau XIX. ka anga te reira ki te whakamahi i te reira rite te tohutoro i roto i to'na mau melo.

I muri haere mai ki te kaha o Kominiusi i te Empire Russian, riro te reira mana mōhiohio. E te ara, i roto i Nasí Siamane i te akoranga o te maimoatanga i rite Parteigenosse (hoa i roto i te rōpū).

I muri i te tiango o te Soviet Union i roto i te Kihi maimoatanga "hoa" poua atu. I roto i te Federation Russian whakamahia tenei ra kei te utu o "tangata" ranei "ariki"; a i roto i Ukraine - "Te Citizen", "paraharaha".

Citizen, hoa: he aha te mea te rerekētanga

Ahakoa i muri i nga takaí Wīwī me Oketopa i France me Russia tohanga "tangata" ka ngā faaauhia me "hoa", i reira te mea he rerekētanga nui i waenganui i a ratou. Ko te kupu, Ka taea e nga tangata e he hoa, engari e kore nga hoa tangata.

Ko te take i te tangata - e tangata tūturu noho i roto i te rohe o te tetahi kāwanatanga, e tika ana ki te kai i ona painga katoa, me takoto ki te mahi i ngā mahi katoa i whakaritea ki a ratou e te ture. e kore No hoa faingamālie taua e, no te mea e taea e te mea he tangata o tetahi atu whenua.

riro tata ki tahi i te tahi i te timatanga o te rau tau XX enei uara. e tika ana ki te meka i roto i te whakamahi rite te tono mōhiohio ki te USSR. Ko te "hoa" he piira ao ki e rua tangata me nga wahine, i te wahine te kupu ingoa "tangata" - ". tangata"

Ko wai te mea te "hoa" o te hōia

Ka rite ki te kupu fare noho i roto i te maha whenua Kihi hōia. Hei tauira, i roto i Russia, Ukraine ko Peraruhia, whakamahia te kupu ingoa "hoa" te rite te tohanga mōhiohio here i roto i rarangi katoa. E ai ki nga tikanga, kei te tapiritia reira tonu ki te paetukutuku hōia - ". Hoa Meiha"

Ko wai e karangatia e hoa

Haunga nga uara tino e rua, tenei wā hoki te tokomaha noa atu i.

I roto i te Russian Empire te aroaro o te revolution, ka karanga hoa kawana kaiāwhina rangatira ranei. kiia hoki rite te mau melo o te hinonga arumoni - hononga.

Cossacks Ukrainian i roto i te rau tau XVII-XVIII. whakamahia matou te taitara o "ope hoa ', e i rite ki te paetukutuku o" koronete ". Hoki i reira ko tetahi taitara - "hoa bunchukovy" nei foaki hetmans tama rangatira me kānara. E te ara, i muri i te whakangaromanga o hoa Zaporizhzhya sich uri bunchukovyh riro te ope i roto i te Russian Empire.

I roto i Poland, i roto i te hoa tawhito i huaina rangatira taonga, e hokona hoki ratou moni ki te pūeru tona tira, arā, o rangatira rawakore. Kua hoki kua karangatia e tenei kupu te paetukutuku (rūtene).

Me ki tūingoa noa, i reira e he torutoru tūingoa me ratou ake ingoa. Hei tauira, chetyrohmachtovy te kiri Lauriston, whakaingoatia i roto i te Soviet Union i roto i te "hoa". whakangaromia tēnei kaipuke i roto i 1943. I muri a'e, i te ingoa i te reira i roto i te honore o te BARQUE German toru-masted Gorch Fock, riro te Soviet Union i muri i te pakanga.

Ko te tākaro Tovarich kaitito American Roberta Shervuda, tuhituhia i roto i te tau 1935 te ingoa, e rua nga tau i muri i te whakaputanga o taua mea i kiriata.

I roto i 1970, te kaitito O. Ivanov tuhituhi te waiata "hoa" ( "E ahau he waiata rite te hau ka whakakiia te whenua e pā ana ki te pehea haere hoa ki te whawhai ...") ki te kupu o te A. Prokofiev.

Ko te tauira tino rongonui o te kupu "hoa"

I tua atu ki te rerenga kōrero faufaa ore ki tūingoa raraunga ( "to matou he hoa i te evanelia haere tahi tenei ra ki te pikitia"), i reira e te hunga e kua roa tahuri ki te kīanga hao. Hei tauira, he faahitiraa i te hōtaka o te Pāti Communist o te USSR: ". Te tangata ki te tangata - hoa, hoa, me te teina"

No nia i te whakamahi o te wā e rite ana te tohutoro, ka i reira e rave rahi atu mau hi'oraa. I roto i te honore o te hero rongonui o te kiriata "herehere o te Caucasus" i te ingoa wharekai i runga i te Dnieper - "hoa CAAX".

Tawhiti kitea neke atu i te kotahi kupu ki te kupu "hoa" Kei roto i nga wa Soviet i ngā pānui pakanga. I roto i te pikitia i raro nei koutou e taea e kite i te tauira o tetahi o ratou.

A paraparau i runga i tenei kaupapa, e kore e ki te whakahua kupu fakalotu ki te kupu "hoa" o te Kaituhitanga V. I. Lenina, kua meinga nei tenei ra he tikanga Sapphire.

Ko te kupu ano i roto i te mau tau i reira kua pai, engari e tika ana ki te nounou nui ki a ratou i roto i te wā Soviet tenei ra, hanga ana e ia te iwi rōpū rawa kino. E kia kitea tenei huringa.