I kitea matūriki e Rutherford? wheako o mua me te ara iahiko Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford - he kaiputaiao ngingila nei i hanga i etahi āhuatanga pono nui i roto i te matū me te ahupūngao. Aha te paetae tahuri ahupūngao i runga i te ara hou o te whanaketanga? I kitea matūriki e Rutherford? Taipitopito o te haurongo me mahi pūtaiao o te kairangahau i kitea i muri i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Ko te timatanga o te haere o te ora

haamata haurongo Rutherford ki te pa iti o Spring Grove i Aotearoa. He i roto i te 1871 i roto i te utuafare o manene, me te wāhi o te ahupūngao me te pūtaiao. Tona papa, he Scot i whanau, ko te ariki o te rakau, a i tona ake kamupene. riro Rutherford i reira whai hua mō te muri pūkenga mahi hanga.

Ko te angitu tuatahi kē tupu i roto i te kura, i reira hoki te whakangungu pai riro ia i te karahipi ki te kāreti. Ernest Rutherford tuatahi whakauru i roto i te kāreti, Nelson, ka haere ki a Waitaha. he mahara pai, me te matauranga ngingila matou nga, he reira mārika i rerekē i ētahi atu ākonga.

riro Rutherford te tohu i roto i te pāngarau, i tuhituhi tona pepa pūtaiao tuatahi i runga i nga ahupūngao o "rino aukume i rarangi teitei." I roto i te hononga ki te mahi, whakaaro ia tetahi o nga whakaaro tuatahi mō te kimi ngaru autō.

I roto i te 1895, ahupūngao, kēmihi, tohe Rutherford ki Maclaurin mō te kainga o karahipi ingoa i muri i te Ao Exhibition. Na roto i te tāpiritanga, kahore te hoariri te tohu, ka whakaratohia Rutherford he wāhi pai ki te riro i te ao pūtaiao. haere ana ia ki Ingarangi i roto i Kavendishevskuyu taiwhanga, me te whiwhi i te Tohu Kairangi i raro i te aronga o Dzhozefa Tomsona.

mahi pūtaiao me ngā whakatutukitanga

Tae i roto i Ingarangi, i te ākonga e papaki ana ngaro karahipi whakaaetia. tīmata ia ki te whiwhi i te kaiako. kaiwhakahaere Scientific o Rutherford kotahi ka mea tona pūmanawa nui, me kahore hape. fokotu'u Thomson ako ahupūngao taitamariki hau ionization i X-hihi. Heoi, kua kitea kaipūtaiao e ina puta tenei te āhuatanga waiwai o nāianei.

I muri pai te mahi ki a Thomson, te ara ia ki te ako o hihi tēnei wā, e muri Marie Curie karanga iraruke. I roto i tenei wa i hanga e ia whakakitea tona kitea nui tuatahi te oraraa o matūriki mua unknown, ako nga āhuatanga o te konukarihi me thorium.

I muri mai ka e ia he ahorangi i te University o Montreal. Me ki Frederikom Soddi e whakamua te pūtaiao te whakaaro o e whakaahua ana i te āhuatanga i roto i te tukanga o te te pirau. I te wa ano, i tuhituhi Rutherford pepa pūtaiao "te irarukenga" me "panoni iraruke" e kawea ia rongo. riro ia he mema o te Royal Society, i whakawhiwhia e ia he taitara o rangatira.

I roto i te ako i te pirau o ngā āhuatanga iratuki i roto i 1908, i whakawhiwhia Ernest Rutherford te Nobel. whakatuwheratia Scientific emanation thorium huānga faux transmutation mā te irradiating karihi hauota tuhituhia e toru buka mahi. Ko tētahi o ona whakatutukitanga tino nui ko te hanga o te tauira o te karihi ngota.

I kitea matūriki e Rutherford?

I roto i te ako o te ira, kahore ko Rutherford te tuatahi. I mua ia, kei te kaha taukei i tenei rohe ahupūngao tēnei wā, me te Curies. Na ka ka kitea tata anake te āhuatanga o te ira, me whakaaro te pūngao i te pūtake waho. Āta ako nga tai konukarihi, me o ratou āhuatanga, kite Rutherford e te hihi kitea e tēnei wā heterogeneous.

whakakitea whakamātau konumohe Rutherford e te wehea te hihi iraruke ki te maha rerenga matūriki. Ko tētahi awa e taea ki te takanga mai i te konumohe konumohe, kia tetahi tika i roto i te reira. Ia o ratou - he plurality o ngā āhuatanga iti i huaina mataotao ārepa me matūriki peta hihi ranei. E rua tau i muri mai, kitea te Wīwī Villard he momo tuatoru o hihi e whai ake nei i te tauira o Rutherford huaina hihi kama.

Ko e matūriki kitea e Rutherford, i te mana nui i runga i te whanaketanga o te ahupūngao karihi. pakaruhanga reira a whakamatauria e mai pūngao i te ngota konukarihi rawa i whakamana. E tautuhi korakora ārepa ngota haumāmā rite pai i ako, matūriki peta he irahiko. Whakatūwhera matūriki kama muri mai - he radiation hiko.

mehanga iratuki

i hoatu whakatika kore anake ki Pūtaiao, engari ano hoki ki ia kitea o Rutherford. tonu ia ki te ako i te ira o te University o Montreal i Canada. I te kēmihi Soddy i mahi ratou he raupapa o ngā i te tikanga o nei te tohu ia ngota huringa i roto i te tukunga o ona matūriki.

Ka rite ki alchemists wharekarakia, pūtaiao tahuri te konukarihi ki mata, hanga i te pakaruhanga i muri. Ko te kupu i kitea ai te mehanga iratuki. Ture kia rite ki nei i reira he pirau, whakaahuatia Rezerfor ko Soddy i nga tuhituhi o "panoni iratuki" me "He ako whakatairite o te ira o te konutuki me thorium."

Kairangahau whakatau te fakafalala o te auau te pirau o te maha o te ngota iratuki i roto i te tauira, me te te wa ka. I tuhia te reira e runga i te wā mahi pirau heke ē. Hoki ia taonga, e hiahiatia ana te wa. I runga anō i te tere o te pirau Rutherford i taea ki te whakatakoto i te parau tumu o te hawhe-ora.

Ko te tauira planetary o te ngota

I te timatanga o te rau tau XX kua whakahaere reira maha ngā ki ako i te āhua o ngā ngota me te ira. Rutherford ko Villars tuwhera alpha, peta, me te kama hihi, ko Dzhozef Tomson, i tahuri, oroko ake he irahiko. ine te reira i te ōwehenga o te tiaki ki te papatipu o te irahiko, ka te haapapu e te matūriki ko te ngota wahi.

I runga i te pūtake o tona kohao hanga Thomson he tauira o te ngota. Ko te pūtaiao whakapono e kua he āhua porohita, te mata katoa o te noa matūriki pai whakatupato te whakamutunga. Roto te pōro e tōraro i ako irahiko.

He tau torutoru i muri, Rutherford te upoko, te ariā o tona kaiwhakaako. Tohe ia e te ngota he karihi, pai te nei i ako. A, a tawhio noa te reira rite aorangi huri noa te ra, revolve irahiko i raro i te mahi o nga ope Coulomb.

Taraiwa wheako Rutherford

Rutherford ko te experimenter tino. Na reira, ui te tauira Thomson, ua faaoti ia ki te faahapa i te reira empirically. kia titiro Thomson ngota rite te kapua porohita o irahiko. Na kia haere noa korakora ārepa i roto i te konumohe.

Hoki te whakamātautau, hangaia Rutherford te pūrere o te pouaka mata ki te poka iti i roto i nei i reira ko te rauemi iraruke. absorbs pouaka korakora ārepa i roto i ngā tohutohu katoa, ki te kahore te wahi te poka, ko te. Ko te kupu hanga rere matūriki arotahi. Mua i te maha o ngā mata mata ki tatau ki te tatari i nga matūriki e afe mei te akoranga tomu'a.

Mārama arotahi ray alpha kua haere e na roto i te mau fifi katoa, pane ki te pepa tino angiangi o te konumohe koura. I muri ia ko he mata phosphor. Ia whakapā o te matūriki ki reira tuhituhia i roto i te puka o te flash. Na ko reira taea ki te whakawa i te ine o te matūriki i muri i haere i roto i te konumohe.

Koinei rawa Rutherford, whakakotititia ngā maha matūriki i koki nui, etahi ara 180 nga nekehanga. Tenei whakahohea te pūtaiao ki te amo i taua te taimaha ngota tuatahi o te mea totoka reira te muri i huaina nei te pata.

Taraiwa wheako o Rutherford:

tauira faaino

tauira karihi o Rutherford tuatahi whakahē, no te mea hotokore ki nga ture o electrodynamics puāwaitanga. Takahuri, me irahiko whakaora pūngao, me te emit ngaru hiko, engari e kore e tenei puta, a konei e ratou i okiokinga. I roto i tenei take, me hinga nga irahiko i runga i te matua, a kahore huri tōu ia.

Hei matau hinga tenei āhuatanga ki Niels Bohr. E kīia ana, e ia irahiko he ona ake ohuraa. Ahakoa te irahiko i runga taua mea, e kore e anaana te reira pūngao, engari kua nohonga. Scientific whakaurua te ariā o te quanta - wahi o pūngao tukua nei te ka e whakawhitia nga irahiko ki te tahi atu ohuraa.

Ko te kupu, ko Niels Bohr tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o te peka hou o te pūtaiao - ahupūngao aronui. I whakamatauria te tika o te tauira o Rutherford. Ka rite ki te hua, kua puta ke te ariā o te mea, me ona nekehanga tino. Kei te te tahi mau taime te tauira tuku ki rite te boron ngota-Rutherford.

meka Interesting e pā ana ki te pūtaiao

Nobel Ernest Rutherford i hanga i mua o te paetae tino nui o tona ora - kitea te karihi ngota me te whakau i te tauira planetary o te ngota.

arahina kitea faahiahia Rutherford ki te putanga o te amaa hou e tuatapapa i te hanganga o te karihi ngota. I huaina te reira i te ahupūngao karihi karihi ranei.

nohoia te ahupūngao rangahau e kore anake, engari e whakaako ana hoki taranata. Kotahi tekau ma rua o ana ākonga i te toa i roto i te ahupūngao me te matū Nobel. I roto ia ratou, Frederick Soddy, Genri Mozli, Otto Hahn, me ētahi atu taata pai-mohiotia.

Academic maha pēnei ki te kitea o te hauota i te mea hape. I muri i te katoa, i tenei Rutherford rongonui rawa rerekē. whakatuwheratia Gas he huaota me te kēmihi Raniera Rutherford, e noho i te rau tau i mua i te ahupūngao tairanga.

mutunga

ka rongonui i roto i ona hoa keno mō te tamataraa pūtaiao Ingarangi Ernest Rutherford. Neke atu i te te ora, kua pau i te kaipūtaiao, he rota o te wheako i roto i nei i taea ki te whakatuwhera i te Arepa me te beta matūriki, ki hanga te ture o te pirau, me te hawhe-te ora, te whakawhanake i tētahi tauira planetary o te ngota ia. I mua ia, i whakapono ai e he waho te puna pūngao. Otiia i muri ako te ao pūtaiao he aha matūriki i kitea e Rutherford, ke physicists ratou hinengaro. Ua tauturu i tutuki pūtaiao hanga akauroa nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te ahupūngao me te matū, me te whai wāhi ki te putanga o taua ahumahi rite ahupūngao karihi.