Mariya Kyuri. Maria Sklodowska-Curie: A Biography. Marii University Kyuri i Lublin

Hoki i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20, i mua i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, ka whanganga a kakahu āta turuturu kotiro wa corsets, me nga wahine kua marenatia kua, i ki te pupuri ake ahua (ki pāmu me ki noho i te kāinga), i whakawhiwhia Kyuri Mariya rua ngā paraihe Nobel: i roto i 1908 - i roto i te ahupūngao, i te 1911 - i roto i te matū. ka mau ia te rota o te tuatahi, engari pea te nui tino - Ko hanga e kua Meri te revolution tūturu i roto i te mahara tūmatanui. Women i muri ia maia haere ki pūtaiao, kahore te wehi i runga i te wahi o te hapori pūtaiao, arā, i taua wa o nga tangata, manuki i te rōpū. tangata Amazing ko Mariya Kyuri. Biography whakaratohia raro e riria koe o tenei.

takenga

Ko te ingoa kotiro o te wahine ko Sklodowska. Tona papa, Vladislav Sklodovsky, a puta i roto i te wa e tika ana te St Petersburg University. Na ka hoki ia ki a Warsaw ki te whakaako pāngarau, me te ahupūngao i roto i te kura nui. roto i tana wahine, Bronislava, whare manuhiri ki te whakaurunga o ngā kōtiro schoolgirl. Ua tauturu ia a tawhio noa tana tahu, ko te aroha ngākau o te pānui. i rima tamariki katoa i roto i te utuafare. (Tona ingoa rite te tamaiti Manya) Maria Sklodowska-Curie - te whakaotinga.

Warsaw tamarikitanga

Tona tamarikitanga i maremare whaea. tukua Bronislaw i mate kohi. mate ia, no te tau 11 anake tau o Meri. Pākiki me te kaha ki te ako rerekē Sklodowska tamariki katoa, a he taea noa ki te haea atu i te pukapuka Manu. whakatenatena tona papa me pehea taea te weriweri mō ako i roto i o ratou tamariki. Ko te mea anake i riri te whānau, - te hiahia ki te ako i roto i Russian. I roto i te whakaahua i runga ake - whanau te whare i roto i te mea i a pau tona tamarikitanga Maria. Na ko te whare taonga i konei.

Te āhuatanga i roto i Poland

ko reira Poland wahi o te Russian Empire. Na reira, ko te wetereo whakahaere rangatira Russian katoa, kite ki reira e nga nga tūemi katoa i roto i te reo o te kingitanga. he tamariki lau ara inoi Katorika i roto i Russian, engari e kore i roto i to ratou ake, te wahi inoi ratou, ka korero i te kāinga. Vladislav no o tenei maha matekiri. I muri i te katoa, i ētahi wā he tauira, pai i pāngarau, e maitai faatiti'aifarohia i roto i ngā raruraru rerekē Polish, katoa o te ohorere "Tupelo" ka hiahiatia ki te whakawhiti ki Russian, e ia e kore e mohio. Mai tamarikitanga, ka kite i tenei whakaitinga katoa, Maria tona ora katoa a muri, Heoi, rite te tahi atu tangata o te kāwanatanga, haea i te wa motu ko konohi e mura me te mema Kamupiri o te ongo Polish Parisian.

tuahine te taparuraa

kihai i ohie ki te tupu ake, kahore he whaea te kotiro. Papa pukumahi tonu i te mahi, ngā kaiako kāhui i roto i te kura nui ... Manya te nuinga o hoa ki Haana, tona tuahine. whakaae ratou ki o ratou taiohi e ka kia mohio ki te ako atu, i muri i te mutunga o te hākinakina. I roto i Warsaw, i taea ki te tiki i roto i ia te wahine mātauranga teitei, na moe ratou o te Sorbonne. ko Whakaaetanga e whai ake: Teunga tuatahi ka timata ratou akoranga rite ko ia pakeke. Engari ka whiwhi Manya moni mo tona mātauranga. A, no te ako ia e pā ana ki te tākuta, ka tīmata tonu ki te ako Manya a ka tauturu i tona tuahine ia rite nui. Heoi, ka tahuri te reira i roto i taua i roa te moemoea o Paris e tata 5 tau.

kaitiaki tamariki Job

haere mai Manya kaitiaki tamariki ki te whenua o te Pike, nga tama a te kaipupuri whenua rohe taonga. kihai i nga rangatira mauruuru i te whakaaro kanapa o te kotiro. I nga taahiraa, i hoatu e ratou ki a ia matau e te ia tika he pononga rawakore. noho pakeke te kotiro pike, engari i te mamae ia mo te whakaaro ki o Haana. Kua puta tuahine e rua i te kura nui ki te mētara koura. Te taea'e Yusef (ano, rokohanga, mētara koura) ka haere ki Warsaw, ka tomo ia ki te Medical Faculty. riro Elia ano he mētara, engari i haehaa ona kerēme. faaoti ia ki te noho ki tona papa ki te whakahaere i te ōhanga. tuahine 4 tamaiti mate i roto i te utuafare, i te mea he ora ano, tona whaea ia. I roto i te whānui, e taea Vladislav tika kia whakakake o toe ratou tamariki.

Ko te aroha tuatahi

Ko e rima tamariki Maria kaitukumahi. Ua haapii ia te teina, engari i runga i tau faafaaearaa maha tae mai Kazimierz, te tama mātāmua. ka whakatata ia whakarongo ki te taua kaitiaki tamariki rerekē. ngā te reira i te mana motuhake nui. I tua atu, ko reira he rerekē hoki te kotiro o taua wa, E reti reira, pai te whakahaere ki reira, angitu ture, me te waka eke. Na ano, rite ia i muri i uru Kazimierz, tino aroha o te tuhi whiti, me te pānui pukapuka i runga i te pāngarau, i te titiro ki a ia whiti.

I waenganui i te iwi taitamariki i muri i te i reira ko he ongo platonic. werohia Manu ki te hepohepo i te meka e e kore kua tukua nga matua o tona aroha whakakake ki a ia hono to ratou aitua ki te kaitiaki tamariki. ka haere Kazimierz ki te faafaaearaa raumati me hararei, me te toenga o te wā i ora ai ia i te tūmanako hui. Ko tenei ko te wa ki te mutu, ka haere ki Paris. Manya mahue Pike ki te ngakau taimaha - noho i roto i te mua Kazimierz, a tahuna tau te aroha tuatahi.

Na, ka i roto i te ora o Maria-tau 27-tau, ka hei Per Kyuri, ia ite tonu e ka waiho ia pono ki tana tane. ka kia rerekē i roto i te take ki a ia nga mea - kahore moe tutu me mana'o urutā. Pea Meri tika whiwhi pakeke?

Pūrere i roto i Paris

tae ia i roto i te 1891 i roto i France. , Mahi patu me tana tane Kazimierz Dlusskiy hoki rite te tākuta, ka anga ki te tango i te tiaki o ia. Heoi, ko te whakatakotoria Maria (i roto i Paris, i timata ia ki te karanga ia Marie) whakahē tenei. ka mau ia atu ia ake ruma, a ka whakauru ki roto ki te Sorbonne, i roto i te manga o te pūtaiao māori. noho Marie i Paris i te Quarter Latin. Libraries, taiwhanga, me wānanga he tatau i muri ki a ratou. Ua tauturu Dlusskiy tona tuahine ki te maturuturu atu taraka ringa taonga tano o tona wahine. u kihai Marie ki te noho ki etahi kotiro i roto i te tikanga ki te utu i mo te ruma iti - hiahia ia ki te mahi ki te mutunga, me te i roto i te puku. Ko tōna pūtea i roto i 1892, 40 moni, ranei 100 pümautanga te marama, arā. E. 3 ki te Franc iti rā. A i tika ki te utu mo te ruma, kakahu, kai, pukapuka, pukatuhi me whakangungu i te University ... whakapai ia koutou kai. A, kia rite ki te tino pakeke ia mahi, hohoro hemo tika ia i roto i te akomanga. rere hoa ki te ui mo tokoni ki Dlusskiy. Na ano ka mau ratou ki a ia Meri kia e taea e ia te utu iti iho hoki whare, me te kai tika.

Mohio ki Pierre

Kotahi hoa a Meri karangatia ia ki te haere ki te ahupūngao rongonui i Poland. Na tuatahi ka kite ia i te tangata ki nei i whakaritea e ia i muri mai ki te riro āhukahuka ao. I ko te kotiro 27, ko Pierre - 35 tau. A, no te haere mai Marie ki te ruma ora, tu ana ia i roto i te taupee kuwaha. tamata ia ki titiro reira, a ka matapotia te ra ia. Na tutaki matou Mariya Sklodovskaya me Per Kyuri.

I oti rawa Pierre ki te pūtaiao me toku ngakau katoa. tamata te mau metua e rave rahi mau taime ki te whakamōhio ia ki tetahi wahine, engari i nga wa katoa i roto i te noa - whakaaro ratou katoa ki a ia hōhā, poauau, me te iti. A taua ahiahi, korero ki a Marie, ua ite ia e i kitea e ia te interlocutor rite. I taua wa, kawea ia ki waho i te mahi, whakahau tona Society mo te whakamarietanga o Ahumahi National, te āhuatanga autō o ngā kōeke maitai. Marie tika tīmata ki te ako i roto i te taiwhanga o Hugo Liepmann. A muri mahi ratou i roto i te kura o Physics me Matū o Pierre kua rangahau i runga i te aukumetanga me te noa whakatuwhera ratou, "Curie". e kōrero iwi Young e pā ana ki. kawea atu Pierre Marie i mua e wawe i te ata ka haere ki te parae ki te tiki daisy mo tona aroha.

marena

Pierre a Marie Hōngongoi 14, 1895 i marenatia, a haere ana ki te Ile-de-France i runga i to ratou taime. tai'o i reira ratou, e eke ana paihikara, aparau i kaupapa pūtaiao. Pierre noa hoki te whakaaro ki o tona wahine taitamariki ka anga ki te whakaako i te reo Polish ...

he hui hira

I te wa o te whanautanga o Irène ratou tamahine tuatahi, kua mau hoa Marie tona tuhinga täkutatanga, a puta tuatahi tana wahine i roto i tona putanga o te University o te Sorbonne. I te mutunga o 1897, rangahau i runga i te aukumetanga i oti, ka timata Kyuri Mariya rapu mō te kaupapa tuhinga. I tenei wa ka tutaki te tokorua ki Anri Bekkerelem, ahupūngao. I wahia e ia te tau i mua e pūhui konukarihi emit radiation i te ô i hohonu. Ko, i roto i te rerekē ki X-ray, taonga konukarihi kāinga. Kyuri Mariya, kawea atu e te āhuatanga ngaro, faaoti ki te tūhura i te reira. hoatu iho Pierre ratou mahi i roto i te tikanga ki te āwhina i tana wahine.

Ko te whakatuwheratanga tuatahi me te āpā o te Nobel

whakatuwheratia Pierre a Mariya Kyuri i roto i 1898 2 huānga hou. Ko te tetahi tuatahi i huaina ratou polonium (i muri i whenua o Marie, Poland), me te tuarua - konutuki. Mai kore ratou e motuhia atu e kore tetahi e kore te atu huānga, e kore i taea e te reira whakarato tohu ratou Utaina oraraa o. Na te 4 tau i muri i tangohia i te tokorua konutuki me polonium i konukarihi ore. Pierre a Mariya Kyuri i te ata ki te mahi te po i roto i te whare witi schelyastom kitea ki radiation. Ko te tokorua i tahunga mohio i mua i te ako te ati. Heoi, faaoti ratou ki te haere tonu a ratou! Wife i roto i Mahuru 1902 riro 1/10 o te karamu o konutuki pūhaumāota. Ko polonium i taka ratou ki te wehewehe - rite tahuri reira i roto i, i reira he hua o te konutuki te pirau. Heat me luminescence kikorangi tukuna tote konutuki. ngā te reira i te aro o te ao ko te rauemi fantastic. I roto i te Hakihea 1903, whakawhiwhia te tokorua i roto i te mahi tahi ki tēnei wā i te Nobel i te ahupūngao. Kyuri Mari Ko te wahine tuatahi nei riro i te reira!

Ko te mate o tana tane

Te tamahine tuarua, Eva, whanau i ki a ratou i roto i Hakihea 1904. E te wa kua pai ake āhuatanga pūtea o te whānau tino. riro Pierre he ahorangi o ahupūngao i te Sorbonne, a mahi tana wahine mo tana matenga tahu o te taiwhanga. puta te kaupapa whakamataku i April 1906. mate o Pierre kawea iho te waka. Maria Sklodowska-Curie, ngaro tana tahu, hoa me te hoa pai, he tumatatenga hoki he marama torutoru.

Ko te tuarua Nobel

Otiia haere ana te ora i runga i. Wahine ki te aro i runga i te tohanga o te konutuki konganuku i roto i tona ahua parakore, e kore ona pūhui. riro ia tenei taonga i roto i te 1910 (i roto i te mahi tahi ki a A. Debirnom). kitea Mariya Kyuri reira, ka whakamatauria e konutuki - he āhuatanga matū. hoki reira noa hiahia ia ki te tango i te mema o te French Academy o Sciences i te ara o te angitu nui, engari wherahia te tautohe, ka anga ai te mounu i roto i te press, a te mutunga riro machismo. I roto i te 1911, i whakawhiwhia Marie 2 Nobel i Matū. ka ia te kaiwhiwhi tuatahi ki te kia whakawhiwhia reira rua.

Jobs Radievskom Institute

Hoki te rangahau ira i whakapumautia Radievsky Institute tata i mua i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. mahi i konei Curie i te mara o te ira rangahau taketake me tono hauora. I roto i te pakanga whakangungua ia rongoā iraruke hōia hauora, hei tauira, ki te kitea i roto i te tinana o te kongokonga e X-hihi, tukua kawe mihini X-ray i te mua. Irene, tana tamahine, ko tetahi o nga kaiwhakaako, i whakaako ia.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

Ahakoa i roto i nga tau i muri mai tonu reira ona mahi Mariya Kyuri. Kua tohua haurongo Poto o enei tau e whai ake: mahi ia ki tākuta, ngā ākonga tuhituhi pepa rangahau, ka tukua hoki te haurongo o tana tane. haere Marie ki Poland, e kua hopea riro tona mana motuhake. Ia tae mai ano te United States, te wahi i tutaki ai ki whakamanamana, me te wahi tukua atu ki te haere tonu i te whakamātautau 1 karamu o te konutuki (tona utu, i te ara, ōrite ki te uara o neke atu i te 200 kg o koura). Heoi, ko te pāhekoheko o ngā matū iratuki hanga ite iho. Tona hauora heke, ko Hōngongoi 4, ka mate a 1934 Kyuri Mariya i kanisā. Tenei i puta i roto i nga māeroero French, i roto i te hōhipera iti kei roto i Sansellemoze.

Marii University Kyuri i Lublin

I roto i te Curies honore i huaina matū curium huānga (№ 96). Na tahuti ore te ingoa o te wahine nui Meri i roto i te ingoa o te Whare Wānanga o Lublin (Poland). Ko ia tetahi o te nui rawa i roto i Poland, teitei pütahitanga mätauranga no ki te āhua. University o Marii Kyuri-Sklodowska University whakaturia i roto i 1944, i roto i te mua o reira he tohu, whakaaturia i roto i te whakaahua i runga ake. Ko te Rector tuatahi me te kaiwhakahaere o tenei institution mātauranga ka Ahorangi Tuarua Genrih Raabe. I teie mahana, ngā reira o te 10 aau e whai ake nei:

- Matū.

- Biology me Biotechnology.

- Arts.

- Humanities.

- Philosophy ko Sociology.

- Whakaako me te Psychology.

- Pūtaiao whenua me mokowā Whakamahere.

- Pāngarau, Physics ko Informatics.

- Ko te tika me te kāwanatanga.

- Pūtaiao Tōrangapū.

- Whakaako me te Psychology.

University o Marii Kyuri whiriwhiria ki te ako atu i te 23.5 mano ngā ākonga, e pā ana ki 500 o ratou -. Tangata ke.