Kaitōrangapū Afghan Mohammad Najibullah: haurongo, hītori me te ara o te ora

Devotee maha nga wa, i kitea Mohammad Najibullah te kaha kore ki te tuku i to ratou iwi, me o ratou whenua. mahia e wehingia ana o te peresideni o mua ohorere kore anake ana kaitautoko engari ano hoariri, whakapataritari nga iwi Afghan katoa.

biography

Mohammed Najibullah - hau, peresideni o Afghanistan i 1986 ki te 1992. Fanauhia i roto i te kainga o Milan, e tata ana te pa o Gardez, August 6, 1947. Tona papa, Akhtar Mohammad mahi i roto i te tari kairauhī i Peshawar, te koroua - te Ahmedzai iwi rangatira. Mohammad Najibullah tamarikitanga pau tata te rohe pak-Afghan, i reira parau tuite i te kura nui.

I roto i te 1965 honoa Najibullah te Democratic Party, a arahina te ture ākonga hapori manapori. I te tau 1969 ka hopukina ia mo karanga iwi ki te faaineineraa o te whakatikanga ake, whai wāhi i roto i whakaaturanga me aro. I roto i te Hānuere 1970 i hopukina ano ia, tenei wa mo te kohukohu te United States, a mahi tika ke ki te tiaraa amui ore o te whenua. I roto i te whakaaturanga, maka ia me ngā ākonga hua mīhini Spiro Agnew - Vice-peresideni o te Hau Amui no Marite.

Ko te whakarau tuatahi

I roto i te 1975, puta Mohammad Najibullah i te Medical University i Kapuru, a ka noa atu arotahi i runga i nga mahi o te rōpū, i whakaritea e ia mema o te Komiti Central o o nga tangata Democratic Party o Afghanistan i 1977. I muri i te revolution arahina ia i roto i Saur Revolutionary Kaunihera me te komiti rōpū i roto i Kapuru. Otiia i akina atu peapea i roto i te rōpū a ia ki te waiho i te whakapaipai, i tonoa Najibullah ki Iran rite te karere. Otiia i roto i te Oketopa 1978 i nekehia atu e ia i te tari, me te tangohia o te raraunga, ai i takoha Mohammad Najibullah ki te haere ki Moscow, te wahi i huna ai ia tae noa ki Hakihea 1979 tae noa kihai i tomo ki te hōia Soviet te rohe o Afghanistan.

ho'iraa

Hoki i te whenua, ka timata Najibullah ki te arahi i nga ope haumaru, te whakanui ake i tona tokotoko ki te toru tekau mano kaimahi, matua 120 tangata mahi i roto i te ratonga haumarutanga. Otiia ka kore ia i tukua ki te mahi i roto i te rangimarie, he maha ngā rōpū, tae atu "Amnesty International", whakawakia ia o te whai wāhi i roto i te hopu tika, fakamamahi'i me tika tangata maumaui. Otiia kihai i kahore taunakitanga o te utu, i roto i ko tona mahi i roto i Khad kahore wehi papatipu taua, me te whakangaromanga o ratou ake iwi, me te i roto i te kingitanga o Amin.

Afghan: Mohammad Najibullah - Peresideni

Whiringa 30, 1986, i pōtitia Najibullah peresideni o Afghanistan. Otiia mai tona taenga ki te kaiārahi te whenua o roto i te rōpū tīmata wahia ano: etahi tautoko Karmal, te tahi atu - te peresideni o nāianei. Hei houhanga rongo te hopoia nga rōpū whawhai, i roto i Hānuere 1987 tangohia reira he whakapuakanga 'i runga i te houhanga rongo motu. " whakatakoto Whakapuakanga te mutunga o whawhai kaha, me te whakatau i te pakanga i roto i ngā whiriwhiringa rangimārie.

I roto i te Hakihea 1989, i roto i nga ra i muri i haere atu hōia Soviet i Afghanistan, whakarewa te Mujahideen he whawhai i runga i te Jalalabad. ua faaite Mohammad Najibullah te āhua o whawhati tata i roto i te whenua. March 5, 1990, ko te whakamatautauranga o te halkistami hopukina. I roto i te whakautu, te minita korero te whenua o Shahnawaz Tanai whakaritea tutu patu. Maru i roto i te kotahi o nga Pukehinahina, whakahau Mohammad Najibullah te pehanga o te tutu, i kurua e te tīmatanga o Maehe resistance. rere ana te kaiwhakahaere o te maunu ki Pakistan, te wahi muri piri ia te ropu Hekmatyar.

Tinihanga i runga i taha katoa

I roto i te 1990, whakaarohia Shevardnadze ki te whakakore i te Komihana ki te mahi i roto i Afghanistan, tona whakatau ki whakaaetia, i te wa ano mutu te supply o ringa. Ko te kupu, i mahue te whenua i waho o te tautoko o te Soviet Union, a ki reira, a te peresideni Nadzhibulla Mohammad. pūtaiao tōrangapū - te pūtaiao o taurangi, me te iu, te patu i muri ko te US. I roto i te 1991, hainatia Dzheyms Beyker he tikanga i runga i te mutunga o te patu me te kai nga paura taupatupatu rōpū i roto i Afghanistan. Tenei nui heke te mana o Najibullah. April 16, 1992 tukua mo tona pou Najibullah Abdur Rahim Hatefu, e riro te wā peresideniraa. A, i Aperira o taua tau , General Dostum whakaritea he tukipoto i kawea ki te kaha te Mujahideen.

I roto i te ngahuru 1992, i whakapaea te tianara Hekmatyar me Massoud ia atu o taku tukunga me te mahue taputapu me patu warehouses hōia, i mahue Kapuru. I te wa ano liquidated te Soviet Union tona karere i roto i Afghanistan. Najibullah me ana kaitautoko tapaea whakarurutanga tōrangapū ki te maha o nga whenua, tae atu Russia me te US, engari faaoti ia ki te noho i roto i Kapuru, e kore pai ki te maka i te whenua ki te taua wā uaua.

I mua i te hopu o te pa whakahaere ia ki te huna i tana wahine, me te tuahine ki ngā tamariki i roto i Delhi. I roto i te Kapuru, ko tona teina Shapur Ahmadzai, rangatira o te haumaru Dzhafsar, upoko o te tari o Nadzhibulla Mohammad me Toohey. Journey o te ora i akina atu te peresideni o mua ki te whakawhirinaki i roto i te Embassy o India, a ka i te United Nations. Ko te kāwanatanga o te whenua, tonu te huri i roto i 1995 me 1996, ui ki puta Najibullah. Ko te maro ko reira he patu patua ki te hoa o mua. Kozyrev (Foreign Minita) mea e kore e Moscow hiahia ki te whai tetahi ki te mahi ki nga toenga o te tikanga o mua i roto i Afghanistan.

Ko te hero Last

Mahuru 26, 1996, riro te Taliban te whakapaipai Afghan, Kapuru, tangohia i Najibullah me ana kaitautoko i te tari UN. I ui ia ki te haina i te tuhinga i runga i te aronga o te rohe Pakistan-Afghan, engari kihai ia. I muri i te whakamamae tino kino, i whiua ia ki te mate o mua peresideni Mohammad Najibullah. ka mau wahi te mahia i runga i te 27 o Hepetema, Najibullah a herea tona teina ki te motokā, ka toia ki te whare peresideniraa, te wahi ka taronatia.

Tanu Najibullah i muri i nga ritenga o Ihirama te rāhuitia Taliban, engari mahara tonu te iwi, me te kororia tona mahara: iwi i roto i te Peshawar me Quetta tai'o puku i runga i tona inoi. A, no te a tonu tukua tona tinana ki te iwi Whero Cross, Ahmadzai, te wahi i tona koroua he rangatira, a tanumia ia i roto i tona pa taketake o Gardez.

I te tekau ma rua o nga tau o te mate o Najibullah tuatahi kohia te whakawhitiwhiti i roto i te tikanga ki te whakahonore i tona mahara. Head o Party o Afghanistan fokotu'u "Vatan" Dzhabarhel e patua Mohammad Najibullah i hoariri me hoariri o te iwi i runga i te whakahau i te waho. He 2008 rangahau o noho whakakitea 93,2% o te taupori i roto i te manakohia o Najibullah.