Pia kura Solovetsky Soviet hītori Navy, alumni, mahara

Tupú i roto i koti i totea, me e whakangaueuetia kiwi e, me peu ite tangata ... Jung - he ahua o te tohu o te tau mure ore, me te inviolability o ngā kōrero tuku iho moana. Ki te whai koe i te tamaiti, rite kore ki te waiho i te rahoraho mura, ka - te kaipuke ki te kia!

Kōrero i roto i te tuhinga e arotahi ki runga i te kura Solovki Jung, hītori o tenei institution, tona hanganga, nga raukura, me te mahara.

tauira Petrovs

puta tata te wā kotahi fare tamaiti i roto i Russia ki te kaipuke - i roto i te 1707 whakaturia Petr Veliky te kura tuatahi i roto i te whenua, te wahi whakangungua kaipuke tamarikitanga. ngāue tenei kura i roto i Kronstadt, engari e kore e hoki te roa. Na i reira ko tetahi kura rite i te kura o te kaiwhakatere, a ka hanga he whakamātau i roto i te tau 1912 ki te whakahoki i te Kronstadt faanahoraa.

Ko te take mo te whakatū o taua kura (i te ara, hoki te wa roa, te ingoa i tuhituhia i roto i te ofatiraa o te wetereo Russian - "yungov kura" no te mea te wā "fare tamaiti" o te take mai Tatimana) - te hiahia ki te whakarato whakangungu heke mai mō te kaumoana. Hēramana hiahiatia ki te mohio me te kia taea ki te nui ake atu i te hoia, a faaineine i kaumoana pai o taritari he rongo nui ranei i kore ngāwari - i pau te rota o te wā.

mārama te kāwanatanga Soviet ano hoki tenei, a i roto i te tau 1940 whakaturia ake tamariki a tona ake kura i runga i te motu o Valaam. Ae, tika ki te tiki i te whakangungu pai kihai i ona ākonga i te wā - te whawhai kihai i tatari mo ratou. He aha te mea te tūranga o tamariki te kura o Solovki? Ka tenei e kōrero atu.

hoa whakakapia

Valaam fare tamaiti i patua, tata katoa (i 200 iwi e noho ana e kore e neke atu i te tatini reira), whawhai hoki te pera-ka karanga "Nevsky Spot". Kua whakaaturia e ratou ratou ki hei patriots me aito, engari e kore e te tona whakaaro matua rite - e kore i taea e meinga te poka wai taranata mo te Navy. Na kei te tipu haere te raruraru tere - i roto i te tau te pakanga wawe ite kaipuke i patua e Tuini, a whakakapi ratou ki taritari i ngā wāhi waho, e kore kua kite te moana, ko e taea. E kore e pai a iti mātauranga kaitono - kihai i taea e ki te whakaea ki te hangarau kaipuke kaua matatini ratou.

Ships tonoa mahi i mua reservists, engari ratou ano hoki i te rota faaiti, a kahore te te hangarau e tu tonu. Taritari, he kua tokomaha o nei te pai i runga i te toru tekau, e kore i taea te whakaaro he heramana ngaio tonu-parirau. He he he hiahia ki te waihanga i tētahi kura hou mo te whakangungu o heramana e taea mahi i roto i te whawhai, me te akakoromaki i mīhini o te kaipuke.

ture o Admiral i te whakatūnga o te kura

i hanga e nga tangata o USSR Commissar o te Navy, Admiral NG Kuznetsov te whakatau hāngai. Kei te ingoa te reira i muri ia ia ko inaianei he kawe rererangi Russian rawa rongonui, e mau ana i roto i te pakanga tata ki te rohe Hiriani. Mei 25, 1942, kua hainatia Admiral he tikanga i runga i te whakatū o tamariki o te kura i runga i nga moutere o Solovetsky.

Ko te whare i ki faaineine i te tangata mo te tino tino nui pakanga: ngā irirangi, signalers, urungi, hiko, mīhini me te Navy Boatswain.

i watea mo te maha ngā take Solovki - a tata ki te rohe o ngā mahi whawhai, a haumaru ngā, me te turanga hangarau o etahi ahua ki reira ko, me te whare ohu mua i ngāwari taunga mō ngā akomanga me pa. whakaritea te tau mātauranga e ki timata Mahuru 1 - kupu i te wā ki te kawe i te pakanga tuwhera, me te tuhi ake ngā hōtaka mahi. kia kimi volunteers roto anake te whakahaere Komsomol. Heoi, āta tohu Admiral N. G. Kuznetsov i roto i tona kia e kore ai te ākonga hei te mau melo o te Komsomol.

Ofati i o te Kawenata Geneva

Me mea e ahau, he tokomaha o nga kaitono i roto i te tamaiti piha ka mau tenei whakamahine admiral i rawe ki. Ahakoa mana i roto i te kura i tīkina taiohi o 15-16 tau, engari he iti te i kotahi puwhenua te rerekē i reira nga tauira hōia, kihai i huna i uru te tau o Komsomol. I roto i te horopaki o te whawhai i reira i maha ngā take o te mate kino o ngā tuhinga ranei, me te manatoko kihai i tonu taea nga raraunga. I te whakaotinga te tamaiti piha Solovetsky i te wa o tomo te ako anake ... 11 tau!

Ae, whakaturia i roto i te fare-tamaiti mau tamaroa-tau 15-tau (me te tau i muri mai i tonoa e ratou ki te mahi!) He mārama e poka ki nga tikanga o Convention Geneva fakaetangata opani te whakamahi o te mahi hōia auau o tangata i raro i te 18 tau o te tau. Ko e tino enei mahi i roto i te rārangi ki te tikanga o te morare, me te tamarikitanga Soviet tūmatanui-spirited i roto i te pakanga.

i mohio mau tamaroa Soviet mō te tino: ko reira e tika ana ki te whiua nga fascists ki tona whakangaromanga oti! Ko te oraraa o te Convention Geneva, i te nuinga o ratou e mohio, me te kore i hiahia ki te whai. Ko te hunga tamariki o te Soviet Union, i puta ke i roto i nga uruwhenua hou tau o whanau 1925 ki te 1923, ki te hohoro atu te tiki ki te mua, ranei i te 11 tau, oati e whai ratou he pai 15 rerekē te kounga matua ki te whakaara i te tamaiti - te hiahia ki te riro ngā pakeke rite wawe tonu. A, tipu ake ratou i matau tika - rite fatongia, mahi me te ohipa.

whakataetae nanakia

Na ko te tino nui he to'u tupú i roto i te USSR! korerotia ratou tamaiti piha mua i ahau e, mo te tauira, i roto i Moscow, me te tohutohu kaipuke ki 500 tūru i runga i te huinga tuatahi o te torutoru ra i tukuna 3,500 tono.

Heoi, tino whiriwhiri. Tenei hapa - amo i tonoa Suvorov kura pia kura ranei i roto i te whawhai anake manene. Na, rawa, i reira nga, engari anake ki te hunga tamariki tangata haereere, e kore te tika topa i roto i te hara. More pinepine, te kaitono hei kaimahi taitama nei nga guerrillas iti me tama a Tuhinga, me te tamariki o hoia mate.

I mahara ratou ki te whai i te mātauranga i te iti rawa 6 akomanga (whakahaere etahi te tohunga ki te tiki i a tawhio noa tenei ture) me te hauora pai (te wahi i reira uaua atu - kōmihana hauora "takai" o maha). whakaako matou ratou i 9 ki te 11 marama, nui atu kaha, a kihai whakaurua te hōtaka te ako anake o whāiti, engari ano hoki te reo Russian, pāngarau, pūtaiao. Ahakoa tū he kura kanikani i roto i nga whakarerenga iho pai o te kaipuke Russian (ki te tīwhiri o te meka e o ngä pia tupu tonu rangatira - te kaha ki te kanikani whakaaro i whakahauanga mo te "tika" o te āpiha manuao). riro tamarikitanga whakangungua poka taranata tino faufaa.

hoia Tē Mōhiotia pia kura

hua pia kura Solovetsky Navy 5 putanga (3 i roto i te whawhai, a 2 i muri i tona otinga - e te nuinga tonoa enei raukura ki trawlers, mārama toku moana). I muri mai, i whakawhitia te kura ki Kronstadt, ka mutu Solovki fare tamaiti - i reira ko Kronstadt.

Kura Solovki tauira i roto i te whawhai, tukua he 4111 iwi, ka mahi i runga i Munuwao katoa (wehea tino i roto i te tirohanga o te hiahia). kihai i tata 1,000 ngä pia hoki te kāinga, hoatu ora ki te korero o te motherland. Te nuinga o ratou i ngā reo irirangi, engari he torutoru rawa patu a, electricians me te pū. Ko te urungi, signalers me nga māngai o te tahi atu tino moana.

E mea pinepine te kaipuke raukura whakamatauria pea tamariki o te kura Solovki nga mema o te rōpū tino mātauranga, me te whakangungua (tonu mānukanuka ki te tokotoko noa te mutunga o te pakanga). I roto i enei wā, he āhuatanga ihoa - puta tamaiti-tau 16-17-tawhito i roto i te tūranga o faaineine me kau taki o matua keke-tau 40-tau. O te akoranga, e kore ratou i wareware ki te whakamahara yungam subordination, engari tae tonu i roto i te whakapono pai. Heoi, ka mahara pai tonu nga rongo nui pakeke te pakanga ki te whakakore illiteracy o ngā pakeke, ka rawa, he kaiako me kuí, pionie-tau 10-tau. Na e pai matau nga kaiwhakatere Soviet: te kuao - e kore te auraa i te iti mōhio.

E kore ratou whakawhiwhia matou rawa hihiko, engari utu. paetahi Solovetsky V. Moiseenko i 1945 i whakawhiwhia te Hero taitara o te Soviet Union. Sasha Kovalev (! Kihai i reira ara Alexander - Sasha) Ahiri te Order o te Whero Star me te Pakanga II o te Ao; he tokomaha i whakawhiwhia mētara. Otiia e kore e āhukahuka he vahaataimi o te take i whakawhanake. Tae noa 1985 te fare tamaiti Solovki kihai i whakaaro ara kaiuru o te nui Patriotic War! Kua he huna āta o te meka o te whakaaetanga o te oati hōia (pea ki kupu i te Geneva Convention taua katoa, i nei i reira e tika ana ki te huna rima nga tau o nga rangatira). manawanui anake o Marshal Akhromeeva tukua ki te whakatika i te parau-tia ore.

Otiia tonu te mahara, kahore whakaaro ki te rīpene uiui whero. Kua i roto i 1972 (i te tau 30 o te kura) ka anga ki te puta i te urupa tuatahi o nga tamariki i Solovki, a ka kua riro te tairururaa tuku iho o ngä pia mua.

autaea'eraa pūkenga

Ko reira taa'eraa e roto i nga pia e ora te whawhai, ko reira he rota o te iwi maha-pūmanawa, he tokomaha kua tutuki i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tino.

Vladimir Korobov, Yu Pandorin ko N. Usenko ora katoa herea ake ki te kaipuke, maranga aua ki te Admiral, Admiral muri ko Kāpene 2 paetukutuku. Ēnei heramana e toru i muri i te pakanga riro te taitara o Hero o te Soviet Union i raro i tūkunga rerekē. whakawhiwhia wha atu alumni i Star o te Hero o pāpori Reipa.

whiriwhiria I. K. Peretruhin mahi hōia i roto i te tahi atu rohe - ka he rangatira i roto i te counterintelligence. whakakitea e ia ki a ia he tamaiti fare me te hunga e kua whakaritea ki te huri i te āhua ki tona pōtae i runga i te take harangotengote. roaa BT Shtokolov te taitara o te Artist o tangata o te USSR - ko reira he kaiwaiata opera rongonui, ngā rārangi panguru kaiwhakaari. Kua wheturangitia V. V. Leonov i pinepine o kiriata; I tua atu, ko ia he pakeke;, tū runaruna o tona ake waiata. whawhai GN Matyushin mo te tiaki o te hītori o tona whenua taketake rite kaha rite te tiaki i te reira i te hoariri - riro archeologists te taitara o te academician. tuhituhi VG Guzanov hōtuhi mō kiriata me ngā pukapuka; ano e ia i te rota ki te whakatū i ahurea whanaunga Russian-Japanese, i mohio rangahau Japanese mātanga. kua oti te tuhituhi etahi o ana pukapuka i roto i te Japanese.

Ko te tino mohiotia whānuitia ka kua tetahi o te tino kino rawa hunga hara o te Kawenata Geneva. Valentin Savich Pikul ka tomo i te tau kura Solovetsky pēnei ki ia. I ia ki mau te ohipa whawhai, engari i pai whakarau - ora te kuao kauvaka. I muri V. S. Pikul rongonui rite pea te kaituhi Soviet me Russian tino rongonui motuhake i roto i ngā pukapuka hītori. kaipānui Soviet (te tikanga penapena tuhinga pai) i roto i te manakohia o ana pukapuka i roto i te rārangi, ka tāruatia ratou hoki koe i runga i mīsini taipé. I te wa ano tata hawhe te pūrākau Pikul ara ranei tetahi, engari e pā ana ki te kaupapa moana.

He pukapuka e pā ana ki Boys tamariki te kura o Solovki 'ki kopere "

Kaua e wareware ki te kaituhi, me tona tamarikitanga, ki te paroro i Solovki. whakatapua e ia te pūrākau "Boys ki kopere" ki tona hoa i tamariki a te kura, me to ratou hopearaa manawarau. whakaahuatia e ia te ora me te whakarau o Solovki kura o ona raukura i roto i a ratou mahi, me te VG Guzanov.

Ki te ko enei mahi pia o mua he tuhinga tino pukapuka mōna, i reira te mea he rongonui, me te ki te kawe ki te taitamarikitanga o te mahara ra hakari e pā ana ki te whakamahi hoa. I roto i te pukapuka "Kei te karanga te moana te toa" Ka taea te hoatu hei tauira. Ko reira faahiahia i whakaputaina e ia i roto i Yaroslavl - Yaroslavl te wahi, a te wahi i te Solovki!

kitea te hītori o te pia kura Solovki i roto i te pikitia Soviet - te kiriata i runga i taua mea, "Fleet Northern o Young" i kiriata.

Pūmahara i kohatu o te kura rongonui

hoki e pupuri ana tēnei rauemi pakari feat tika toa taitamariki koti. puta te tohu tuatahi i runga i Solovki i te honore o te tau 30 o te kura. i hanga ia ratou tona tamaiti fale mua, i runga i to ratou ake, me te ki ratou ake utu.

I muri, i muri ki te aronga e pā ana o te Solovki Jung hōia o te Pakanga nui Patriotic, ake i te mahara o ratou i whai wāhi i roto i rua te kāwanatanga me te iwi whānui. I roto i Moscow i 1995, i reira ko te wāhi o ngä pia Solovki. I roto i te 1993, he pou ki te kuao heramana whakaturia i runga i te taha moana o te Dvina Northern, a i roto i te 2005 - i runga i te ingoa i roto i to ratou rohe te honore (i roto i wā e rua, ka korero te kaituhi toi F. Sogayan).

Ko tu te pou tino ngā i roto i te iari o tetahi o nga kura Moscow (inaianei - "Poutū" hākinakina). puta ia i roto i 1988, a ko te kaituhi o te kaupapa hoki he paetahi o te Solovetsky - artist E. N. Goryachev. Moscow kura a ka rongonui mō te ka hanga whare taonga tuatahi pia Solovetsky te whenua o - ki te awhina o nga hoia ratou me te anaanatae o te kaiako me te ākonga. Me kï reira e te wāhi nui i roto i tona whakahaere takaro he Komsomol - whai wāhi te Communist Youth Union kore anake i roto i te whakatö-, engari ano hoki (ki te whānuitanga nui) te mātauranga morare, me te tāmau whenua. puta Museum i roto i 1983, a ka ahu noa 2012 reira e Kāpene 1 Kapa (Ret) N. V. Osokin - te mua Solovetsky Jung.

"Kaua rawa i whakaaro ahau, hoa, e runga i yungah whare taonga tuwhera", - ka tuhituhi i runga i tenei take pakeke; V. V. Leonov. ka tona rotarota te moto o tenei whare ahurei.

Ka hari Anniversary, hoa!

I roto i 2017, te 75raa o te pia kura Solovki. Celebrations i runga i te kaupapa pupuri i roto i Moscow, Arkhangelsk me, o te akoranga, i runga i Solovki. I roto i nga tau tata nei, ko te tino hiahia te whakarau o ngā ākonga o mua (13 o ratou i teie nei ora i runga i arhangelogorodschine) me te kura ano Solovetsky Arkhangelsk Jung me tona kaiārahi. I roto i te hui nui tū he hui whakamaharatanga tuku iho o te torutoru toe paetahi. tīmata whakahaere rohe korero e pā ana ki te hiahia ki te waihanga i roto i Solovki taonga me te whakamahara.

Tino - Islands Solovetsky, te wahi i noho tamariki o te kura, kia kia whakama taua faatura tenei i roto i hoatu e ratou Mātāmua i Moscow. Tautautefito inaianei e te kaiārahi o te nāianei ohu Solovetsky no ki te kaupapa, ki te hanga Jung Museum ki māramatanga me te tautoko. whakaae hoki te taua take pai kuraina he iti "nekehanga" me te ki hoatu i tetahi āwhina i roto i te mahi pūtaiao, me te whakahaere.

A ara e taea e te reira fanau me te kura ano. Peresideni o Russia tonoa he tuku ki te whakawhiti i etahi hanganga Marine Cadet Corps ki ano ki a Solovki i te marae Russian i hautoa Solovki fare tamaiti. Ko wai e matau ana. Pea e kore te mea i runga i te kōrero o te pia kura Solovetsky rongonui ...