Kaupapa 1144 kau fakasio te Kaupapa 1144 "Orlan"

I roto i nga tau tata nei, ka hemo te ahumahi korero motu he iti ake noa: i reira nga whakahau kāwanatanga, me te kāwanatanga hopea "pakari" ki te whakaaro e hoatu i te mahi o kaipuke, me te hanga o te engines mo ratou ki waho - e kore te whakaaro pai. Aue, tae noa taua re-kaipuke ko reira he tere rawa puhoi. Otiia kua reira ki te noho haumaru, "tangata koroheke" nei i whakatakotoria, ka hanga i roto i te USSR. Ko ētahi o ēnei he kaupapa me 1144.

ngā mōhiohio taketake

Tenei cruiser taimaha ki te karihi te kaha te tipu, tohuwāhi me te whakarewa o e kawea i roto i te hanga kaipuke Baltic i 1973 ki te 1998. Ko tika ratou mana āhua ake te taua i roto i karihi te "ngakau" rite te wahi o te kaipuke Soviet me Russian o kaipuke mata kore kua reira. NATO, Kei te aromatawai hoki enei oko: te rahi me te rākau o te riri o te faatura fakalaumālie ki tetahi hoariri pea. Designer i tiaki o te kaupapa 1144 - Boris Israilevich Kupensky. I runga i te pou o tona kawana te Yuhin Vladimir Evgenevich.

Ka rite ki te nui rite kia tangi reira rite paerewa, engari enei kaipuke, me te i roto i te meka i reira he kahore analogues i roto i te pahi ao. E tino te ao ratou, tukua ana ki te kawe i roto i misioni ki te whakangaro submarines hoariri me kaipuke mata. I enei marae whakapumautia i missiles o tenei piha haapiiraa e taea e tino pea ki te whakarite i te oti te whakangaromanga o tata tetahi rōpū o te hoariri pea.

Kaupapa 1144 Kei te mohiotia hoki te meka i enei kaipuke te nui rawa i roto i te ao, e kore tae atu kawe rererangi. Ko te tairitenga tata o te cruiser American "Virginia", iti atu i 2.5 wā displacement. Kooti e multifunctional enei: Ka taea e ratou te kawe i roto i te misioni whawhai wā roa-i roto i tata katoa wahi o nga moana, whakarato tautoko me te hipoki ai kaipuke e rua mata me kaha takutai. patu katoa, a ratou tata katoa o nga taputapu hou i taua wa i te Soviet Union. "Granite" ko te kaha a Tūrongo, matua o te pūnaha pere.

Te hoê aamu poto o te raupapa

I te mutunga o Maehe 1973 i whakatakotoria ai te cruiser tuatahi karihi Kaupapa 1144 "Kirov", i riro "Admiral Ushakov" i roto i te 1992. I te mutunga o Hakihea 1977 i hinga ai ki te wai, a rite toru nga tau, kua haere te kaipuke te rere katoa me te whawhai-whakamatauria, i mana tukua ki runga ki te Soviet Navy. I te mutunga o te tau 1984 ka haere mai ki te mahi Tarka "Frunze". Hoki i roto i te 1992, i whakaingoatia te reira "Admiral Lazarev". I te pae hopea, i roto i te 1988, kia rite ki te mahere, ka te kaipuke Tarka "Kalinin", e mohiotia mai 1992 rite te "Admiral Nakhimov". I roto i te 1986, Project 1144 ka tae ki tona mutunga arorau: te shipyards whakatakotoria kaipuke kaupapa whakamutunga "Potr Veliky".

I te tīmatanga te ingoa o te cruiser Project 1144 "Orlan" ko "Kuibyshev" ranei "Yuri Andropov", engari te tiango o te USSR, enei mahere i kore i homai pono. I roto i te waenganui o te hanganga o te whenua, kua mutu ki te tīariari, i timata ki te hanga tenei kaipuke, engari no te mea i taea e mutunga te whare anake i roto i te 1996. Ko te kupu, ko te kaipuke te kaipuke whakamutunga o tenei raupapa, ko te tau kotahi tekau anake i muri i tona ripa i runga i te rakau.

Kia pehea te ko nga kau fakasio o tenei kaupapa?

I roto i te 1961, ua haapii te hōia Soviet e pā ana ki te meka kino: whakarewahia te United States i te cruiser pere karihi "Long Beach". hoatu whanaketanga tenei ki te rangahau kāinga i roto i te mara o reactors karihi rite te kaipuke mana tipu. I roto i te parau tumu, i tūmanakohia ai whakatau: ko te USSR i te tihi o tona whanaketanga, a na reira i roto i te hiahia kia päpähotia o manuao nui, e taea te mahi mō te wā roa atu i o ratou ope matua.

whai wāhi karihi whakato mana ki te whakatinanatanga rawa angitu o taua mahi. I roto i te 1964, kua whakahaere te whenua rangahau hohe i roto i tenei rohe. I te tīmatanga, ahumahi me te pūtaiao i tēra ki te hoahoa o te kaipuke, te displacement o e moni ki te waru mano taranata.

whawhai i te tokorua

kawea Hoahoa i roto i te wāhi o te tirohanga, me e taea ki te tu nga mea katoa o patu e wātea ana ki te kahupapa hoariri pea te heke mai o ia cruiser Project 1144. I tua atu, whakaaro te hōia Soviet nehenehe riri i rererangi hoariri, a reira rapu ki te hanga i te pere manuao whai hua te nuinga. I te tīmatanga, fokotu'u mai nga kaihoahoa e tetahi cruiser Project 1144 noa e kore e taea ki te mau i te maha taua o patu. Na tuatahi hiahia ratou ki te hanga i rua noa kaipuke: Momo 1165 me te Momo 1144. i mahara ratou ki te taupoki ana tetahi ki tetahi, mahi rite te kōwae.

I runga i te oko tuatahi i matou ki hei antiship, te rua o nga - missiles anti-ruku. patu Antiaircraft i ratou ki te riro i roto i te ōrite ana ngā wehenga, ki reira te hanga i tētahi korero rangi kaha. Heoi, atu i te ahunga whakamua o te pūtaiao Soviet me te hangarau takoto te kaha ki te tokomaha o ngā pūnaha o te kaipuke whakaiti, a i te kaupapa rawa pūngao-kaha o kaipuke e rua i mahue. mahi katoa i te momo i roto i te 1165 i Fakangata, etahi whanaketanga whakawhiti ki te Kaupapa cruiser karihi-powered 1144 "Orlan".

Ko te hua i roto i te mua, me te rākau o te riri

I roto i te akoranga o te kaipuke i whiwhi i te reira atu a atu patu, i arahina ki te tupu tere o tona displacement. Ka rite ki te hua - e kore tetahi whakaaro e pā ana ki te kaipuke whakaaro antisubmarine taketake, rite ka Engineers haere noa oti i roto i te hanga o te cruiser te ao nui ki te displacement o runga ki te 20,000 taranata. I whakaritea e te reira ki te whakatinana i ona "hau" o te nuinga o te hangarau hou katoa, i taua wa i taea ki te hanga i te Soviet Union i. I reira whakaritea te reira e te momo hou o waka - taimaha cruiser pere karihi (rererangi kawe). kau fakasio pere New Kaupapa 1144 "Orlan" fafau ki hei te rawa tino whaihua, me te kaha mo te katoa o te kaipuke mata Soviet.

I te pae hopea, te whakaritenga mo te mīhini hou kua puta i roto i te 1972. i whakahaere Development o te kaupapa i te tere whakatere i Leningrad. Ka rite ki i roto i ngā take pēnei i te katoa, pūtaiao, me Engineers mahi i raro i te aronga o ona rangatira tonu e kore anake, engari ano hoki te kaitiaki o te kaipuke. Tenei wa ko reira Kāpene 2 Kapa A. A. Savin. tukua tenei huarahi te kaipuke Navy ki te farii i te hunga i hiahiatia nei e ratou, te whakatikatika e tika ana i runga i te ngaro.

Whakareitanga me ngā whakapaitanga

Kia mahara te reira e i te rua, te toru, te wha o nga kau fakasio pere karihi Project 1144 kia hanga ki rite ki te hou, pai ake kaupapa 11442. I mahara te reira ki te whakakapi i te pūnaha tawhito kua i wa ki ngā momo hou o patu: pourewa e ono-tupara repo 30-mm whakakapi e te tino "Dirk". Engari SAM "wāpu" hōtuhi "hoari" ao pūnaha ërä pū nui haere ki te 130 mm, matatini anti "Snow Storm" fetongi ake "wairere" poma pūnaha hou (utu hohonu) kua hoki kua tāutuhia, me te t. D.

I te tīmatanga i riro ai e te kau fakasio pere taimaha katoa te Kaupapa 1144 i muri i te "Kirov" Ka kia hanga rite i runga i tenei kaupapa, engari kia iho te ahumahi: e kore katoa o enei tauira i patu arahi noa ki te puka e hiahiatia ana, a reira hoatu taua wa ki te whakaoti. Na, i roto i te hono mo'oní (tata te oti'a ore) ki te tauira 11442 pā anake "Petr Veliky", a ka he takawaenga, tūnga tauwhirowhiro nga oko tuarua, me te tuatoru. Ko te no te mea i reira ko tetahi kaupapa "Orlan" (1144), te ao hou, o oko i te mea ki tenei ra.

Ko te āhuatanga hanganga matua

Ia whare "Orlan" faikehekehe mārika i roa forecastle. I roto i te take - 16 compartments matua e kua wehea i ia atu e bulkheads kaimono. Puta noa i te roa o te tinana, he papanga tonu e rima. pūnaha pāorooro "pūrau" e whakatakotoria i roto i te kopere. I te kei reira ko te hangar (i raro rahoraho), e taea ai te whakanohonga o toru waka topatopa anti-waka ruku Ka-27. Here whakaritea matou whakaara mo waka topatopa, me te tāke rokiroki mō wahie waka.

I te kei reira ko te wehenga i nei heke "pūrau" pūihi tōia matatini. Tata ki te katoa te mana takere hanga hanga o alloys konumohe-konupora. Ko te tahora o te patu matarohia - te nuinga o nga pūnaha whawhai kei i te kei me te kopere.

āhuatanga tiaki o te kaipuke

Ia pere cruiser Project 1144 te maua e te tono tōkiri kaha, katoa i runga i te tinana whakaratohia he raro rua. He wāhanga faufaa roa o te kaipuke rohe tiakina e te whawhai. e kore te mea e wātea ana Belt patu i roto i tona puka puāwaitanga (rite i runga i te nuinga o kaipuke). Kei te tiaki te Paraimere i roto i te hohonu o te tinana. Rerekē te tahi atu kau fakasio te wa e te kiri he TAKR thickened i kakau ki tiketike kei o 3.5 mita. Mita - i raro i te waterline o 2.5 mita - tiaki mīhini me te waka.

A reira whakaatu hoki te mana āhua o nga kaipuke o tenei piha haapiiraa, rite te cruiser karihi taimaha Project 1144 Ko te tuatahi mai kaipuke Pakanga II o te Ao, e whakarato hoki te hangarau rāhui taua. Engine piere wehenga, me tiakina e whawhai pere wehenga 100 mm. teihana Battle me te pou whakahau o te kaipuke tiaki rite. He tawhio patu me te topatopa hangar, kariri rite tiakina. E hipoki rohe urungi taputapu wehenga.

mana te tipu

Te hoahoa whakamahia 3 CN-piere (s VM-16 matua). Ko te tautuhinga - he uri whakaheke o nga reactors Icebreaker OK-900, engari ko reira nui rerekē i ratou. Ko te take differentiating nui ko te tohu tiketike o te konukarihi haamaitairaa. I teihana hau kotahi taea te cruiser mahi hoki i te iti rawa kotahi tekau nga tau. Reactors rua ara iahiko, whakamahia ia ara iahiko rite te wai coolant te (kaua, bidistillate). Tenei tohu tiketike rawa motuhake o te purenga wai, komuhumuhu i roto i te matua i raro i te pēhanga o 200 atmospheres. whakarato ana tēnei koropupu tata inamata o te mania tuarua me te tōtika tiketike o te tāutanga katoa.

whakamahi kaupapa Power tipu e rua ngahaú, a ki runga ki ia o ratou, "mahi" o 70000 rita. he. Fully Kei tāutanga te i roto i te compartments whāngai toru. Ko te katoa maha o reactors karihi - rua, ratou aravihi katoa ko te 342 MW. No te whakarite, te Perm GRES hua 2400 MW, kia e pau te kaipuke pūngao, i te mea nui hoki te pa i roto i nei 100-150 mano iwi. He te wāhanga mīhini huri hiko (i roto i te tua ki te matua) i rua kōhua tūtatari.

Me mahara te reira e te kaupapa i roto i te 1144 "Orlan" Ko te kōwae tārua mana (e kore e karihi), e taea ai te waka ki te tae tere o 17 knots. He pērā e taea te cruiser te tango ake ki te 1,300 tuatapaparaa o diesel wahie maero. A, no te whakamahi i te oko pūrere karihi taea tae tere o runga ki te 31 ngā kōpuku, a ka riro mutunga te rāhui mana. rārangi takere whakaaro whakarato enei kaipuke whakamiharo seaworthiness, taea ki a koe te taupoki ana hohoro tawhiti roa.

Hoki ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te waka

I roto i te katoa, ngā te waka o 759 iwi, tae atu 120 rangatira. He katoa o 1600 nohoanga. No te farii i te rangatira, a ngā rangatira whakamana 140 ruma kotahi, i reira e 30 forecastles mō heramana, kua whakanohoia te kaumatua i roto i te ruma ki te kaha o 8-30 iwi. Whare 15 Me whakarato ruma e rua ua, me te pati, he rahi poka 6h2,5 mita me te sauna.

Hoki ngā hiahia hauora e whakahokia wae Matarua tae atu ruma tūroro me te ruma whakahaere tino rite rawa, insulators, tari o tākuta niho, me te rongoā. Ko te ahua tinana o te waka e taea te pupuri i roto i te omaoma, tino rite rawa ki nga mihini katoa taea. E toru i takirimatia te-ruma, rüma motuhake mō te whakangā, me te he whare tapere kiriata tūturu.

Ko te rākau o te riri matua o fakasio i roto i 1144

Kia rite ki ta mea matou, te tūranga takaro e te ASM rākau o te riri matua P-700 "Granit". Tenei missiles tuatoru-whakatupuranga, paorangi, te tapao o nei tata te ūnga i teitei midget. Ratou papatipu - ki whitu taranata, a ka tata tae ratou te tere o Makapera 2.5 (2.5 wa te tere o te oro) e taea te kawe i te tiaki taikaha ki te paerewa 750 kg. Whakatinanatanga Tuarua - kaha tiaki karihi o 500 Km i te tawhiti o 625 kiromita. roa pere - tekau mita, diameter - 85 cm i roto i te matatini taua, i reira e 20 taua anga eke i te koki o 60 nekehanga ki te mata o te rahoraho .. launchers Production whai wāhi i roto i Leningrad.

Me kï reira e te "Granite" i te tikanga tuatahi ki te whakarewa i i mua, a na reira tonu i mua i te te tīmatanga o te pakanga o te kōhao ki te vairaa pape. Koperea iho enei missiles he tino uaua. Kua whakaritea e te kaihoahoa e ara i roto i te mate o "Granit" interceptors pere, tonu te reira te torohaki neke o taua ope e kia pai tae te whāinga.

Parenga ki whakaeke rangi

Ko te pūtake o anti-pere korero i runga i enei kaipuke - C-300F (Fort), takahuri Hurorirori kau i whakanohoia e i raro i te rahoraho o te oko. maha Tapeke o missiles anti-rererangi - 96 nga wahi. I roto i te "Petra Velikogo" hōtuhi whakahoutia P-300FM "Fort-M", e vai i roto i te kape kotahi. Wä, Ka taea e te matatini taua e haamou i runga ki te ono ngā taumata wā kotahi tahi te tonu 12. I runga i ia o te "taha" opuaraa piri pere, e kore e pokanoa ki tenei pea o pokanoa i te rangi, e ai whakaara hoariri pea.

kau fakasio taimaha te Kaupapa 1144 "Orlan" kawe tēnei wā i runga i 94 taua missiles. Whakaero i roto i to ratou tokomaha e tika ki nui haere ngā āhuatanga taimaha me te rahi. I te tīmatanga, i hanga tenei matatini ahurei i runga i te pūtake o pono ope whenua pūnaha rangi korero S-Z00PMU2 "Makau". Ko tōna painga i runga i te paerewa "pa" ngā i roto i te meka e taea patua reira ngā whāinga i te tawhiti o 150 kiromita, te teitei mōhio iti - anake 10 mita, i te mea tino nui i roto i ngā āhuatanga RCC e "aroha" rere ki runga ki te ūnga i teitei tino iti. hipoki hua nga wāhi i pangia kua tutuki e te whakapai ake koi i roto i te āhuatanga o te whakamahia rite te wahi o te ahumahi te hikohiko.

Ko te rua o korero Echelon pere

SAM "oka" - te tuarua "miramira" rererangi kawe. Takahi, kia kua i tāuta i te reira i runga i nga kaipuke katoa o te 11442 kaupapa pai ake, engari i roto i te meka i tangohia ai taua te "Pita." Whāinga - ki te kitea, ka whakangaro ngā taumata e i whakahaere ki te wahi i roto i te raina tuatahi o te korero pere paparanga. Ko te kaha a Tūrongo, matua i roto i tenei take e 9M330 tākirirangi totoka tino te i tuati ki te rongonui whenua "Tor-M1" matatini.

Ko te taa o enei anga e kua peia i ratou pākoro catapult motuhake, a ka tīmata te pūkaha matua. Ka tino tenei huarahi whakaiti i te taimaha me te rahi o ratou āhuatanga i tiaki ngā ngä whakangaromanga.

Matatini whakahiko anō waipūtanga aunoa haere i roto i nga hēkona e toru. I roto i te aratau aunoa, kia tukinotia te ūnga o 45 kiromita, te wa whakautu - ki runga ki te waru hēkona. Ko te maha o te wā kotahi wāhi, ka aroturuki ngā taumata - ki runga ki te wha. mahi tino aunoa tenei pūnaha, i waho te hiahia mō ngā kaimahi puoro. E ai ki te kaiwhakanao, i runga i te poari ka he kaipuke e whakaratohia ki 128 missiles mō "Haturimi".

Ko te korero pere toru o taumata

Ko tata te korero te matatini - "Dirk". whakakapi ia te tatūnga ono-oko nui pakeke. Ka rite ki i roto i te take o mua, ka taea e te pūnaha kitea me te aroturuki i ūnga i roto i te aratau tino aunoa. hinga i te whakaaro whakarato ake kōwae e ono-oko (e rua nga wahi), te tere katoa o nei ko 10 mano rauna ia meneti. "Wehi" o e rua poraka o wha 9M311 missiles ia. E āhuatanga ratou i te wehewehenga-matua rārangi whawhai me te contactless wiki. Tenei taea patua te pere te ūnga e tika i te tata e ia, e tino whakanuia ana te tūponotanga o te mutunga o te tītere hoariri ki raro.

pea te wāhi pourewa o ia kōwae o taua missiles i 32 ngā. E hoê ratou ki 2S6 whenua matatini "Tunguska". Ka taea e te mahi ngā mahi mo te whakangaromanga o missiles anti-kaipuke, pōma arahina, rererangi, waka topatopa me drones hoariri. Missiles "Dirk" Ka taea e te tiki i te ūnga i te tawhiti o tetahi, me te hawhe ki te waru kiromita, te ahi o nga wae e ono-tupara te i te tawhiti o te 50 ki te 150 mita i te taha o te kaipuke.

Ka taea e ratou te ngā taumata patua rere i altitudes mai i rima ki te wha mano mita. kariri tonu "Kortikov" ko 192 tākirirangi me 36,000 rauna. I te kau te kaupapa i roto i 1144, te ao hou, o nei e kore e tonu te oti, tangata pai ake putanga o enei tāuta.

Aue, engari i tenei ra kahore he mōhiohio, ahakoa kawea i roto i te ao hou, oti o nga kaipuke o tenei piha haapiiraa, e kia whakakapia e ritenga hiko hou. Kei te tumanako te reira e tenei kia meatia e. kau fakasio New tenei kaupapa e kore e mārama te tūmanakohia, kia hoki te toe kia tino āta titiro.