Kirov Sergey Mironovich: biography, te utuafare, meka ngahau

Ko wai te mea Kirov Sergey Mironovich? He tonu o taua ngā, i mua hanga reira taea ki te hoatu ia i runga i te wahi motuhake i roto i nga kau taki o te kaiārahi rōpū o te wā Soviet te haurongo o tenei tangata. Ahakoa ko tona matenga te take mo te tīmatanga o ngā tino e kī te oraraa o te iwi harakore, nui atu i te tatini.

Kirov Sergey Mironovich: haurongo o te tahae taitamariki

whanau S. M. Kirov i 27 i runga i Maehe 1886 i roto i te Urzhum (he pa i roto i te kawanatanga Vyatka) i roto i te hapu o kaimahi ohie. ko tau e waru noa tau te tamaiti, ka i mahue ia i waho matua: ka mate toku whaea, toku papa, ka haere ia ki te mahi, ngaro kahore he wahi. A, ki te tangohia e te tuahine Sergei ki tona kuia, ka te tonoa reira ki te whakaruru mō ngā rangatahi i. E te ara, i te ingoa o te rangatira rōpū heke mai ko Kostrikov. Kirov, ka ia nui i muri. Ko nga mea tuatahi te tuatahi.

Sergey Ros tamaiti atamai, me te pakeke-mahi, e kore e ako mo reira te hanga i tetahi raruraru. Ki te angitu o puta i roto i tona Urzhum kāinga pāriha tuatahi, a ka te kura pa, tamaiti, haina te tohutohu o ratou kaiwhakaako, haere ki Kazan, te wahi tomo ia nga Mechanics me tiaki promuchilische me i roto i 1904 puta tīrama ia, hono pai te raukura e rima.

I roto i te taua tau oho Kostrikov ki Tomsk me kitea e te mahi rite te whakaīngoatia i roto i te runanga pa, i roto i te whakarara e whakangungua i akoranga faaineineraa Institute o Technology. Otiia haere mai kihai i hū pono te heke mai rangimarie whakaritea.

Sergey, î ki ngā ariā pāhoro tonu i roto i Kazan, oho ki Tomsk, rite wawe tonu riro he mema kaha o te RSDLP, te pseudonym Party Serge. I te 1905 ka hopukina ia mo whai wāhi i roto i whakaaturanga, engari i roto i te whare herehere, e kore ia i noho roa. I muri i te tuku o te amuiraa rōpū muri, i pōtitia ia ki te komiti o te Tomsk RSDLP. riro ia te kaiwhakahaere o whakaaturanga anti-kāwanatanga me rallies, hanga ono whawhai. Ka rite ki te hua, hopukina ano Sergei Kostrikova i 1906. Tenei wa kei te tonoa e ia ki te whare herehere mo te ono tau.

I patua e ia, engari e kore e pakaru

I roto i te Pipiri 1908 i tukua SM Kostrikov i te whare herehere, e, rite tūmanakohia, i ki te huri ana whakaaro i runga i te kaupapa hou. Engari, e kore tenei i tupu. I muri i mahue herehere, kei te haere ia ki Irkutsk, i reira i muri i te faaho'iraa mai o te whakahaere rōpū, tata rawa huna e te pirihimana, kotahi ano tīmata ki te mahi kaha i roto i te ahunga orurehau e rua i roto i te pa, me te i roto i Novonikolaevsk (inaianei Novosibirsk). I roto i te Mei 1909 Serge, neke atu i te e fakatangá pirihimana, i takoha ki te waiho i te tonga o te whenua.

Mahi i roto i te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus

I roto i te Vladikavkaz, mahi ia tata ki te niupepa rohe Cadet "Terek", patopato tuhinga i runga i te wheako whiwhi i roto i te pikitanga o "Elbrus" me "Kazbek", waiho i te arotake o te rere i roto i te whare tapere pa. Here tutaki ia he kaha'ú tana wahine tuarua Maria Lvovna ā Marcus.

I roto i te mutunga o te raumati 1911 hopukina ano Kostrikova i te take tawhito kawea mai i roto i Tomsk atu. I whakatupato ia ki te whakahaere i te press tā raro, engari e kore tona hara i kï. tonu Kostrikov ki te mahi i roto i "Terek", engari kotahi ano e kore e ki te utu whakarongo ki a ia, e te ingoakē Kirov, ko wai i whakapono ki kua i hanga e i roto i te ingoa o te kingi o Pahia - Hairuha. Mai i tenei wāhi i runga i te haurongo kore te kahore Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha motuhake kanohi. Ahakoa te tuhinga tuhituhia e ia, me te maha rīpoata, te tikanga, e tino paingia ana i roto i te iwi e fakafepaki-whakaaro.

mahi Pāti me te Pakanga Civil

Tae noa te revolution (1917), kore S. M. Kirov rawa whakaatu ano, a i te wa o te tukipoto, kihai i ia i roto i te hunga e tino pāngia te āhuatanga i roto i te whenua. hanga noa i muri haurongo rōpū peke Sergeya Mironovicha Kirova i 1919: i whakaritea e ia upoko o te Komiti Revolutionary o te Astrakhan. Mai taua taime ra, ko reira pikitanga tino tere ake te arawhata umanga.

Kia raro i tona kaiārahi tika i tāmia mau tutu counter-pāhoro i Astrakhan, koperea te tira, i patua a Metropolitan Mitrofan Pihopa Leonty, riro Kirov he mema o te Revolutionary Military Kaunihera o te tekau ma tahi Army Whero. Mai arahina te timatanga o 1919 Sergey Myronovych ki Ordzhonikidze i te tīmatanga o ratou wae i roto i te Te Tai Tokerau, me te tonga Caucasus: Maehe 30 i tangohia Vladikavkaz, me te marama i muri mai (Mei 1) - Baku.

I te mutunga o Mei 1920 i whakaritea Kirov ti'a haamanahia i roto i Georgia, te wahi, ano e te kāwanatanga ki te Mensheviks. I roto i te tīmatanga o Oketopa o te taua tau ahu Sergei Myronovych te tuku Soviet haere ki Riga mō te waitohu i te tiriti te rongo ki nga amo, me ka hoki ki te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus, te wahi hono te Caucasian nga rarangi o te RCP (b). I roto i te Maehe 1921, ka rite ki te māngai ki te Congress Hongofulú o te RCP (b), i whakaaetia Kirov mema kē o te komiti pokapū o te rōpū.

I roto i te Paenga-whāwhā 1921 faatere Sergey Mironovich mo te Congress o te Mountain ASSR (inaianei te Te Tai Tokerau Ossetia). A i Hōngongoi i te taua tau i pōtitia ia hēkeretari TSKKP Azerbaijan. Ia hohoro ka tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o te SFSR Transcaucasian (Hakihea 1922). I roto i te April 1923, nga kau fakafofonga o te tekau ma rua Congress o te RCP (b) te tango tetahi wahi i roto i Kirov (b) TSKRKP. I pukuaroha ki Stalin te matenga o te Pāti Communist o Azerbaijan S. M. Kirov, ahakoa te meka e, i roto i te meka, noho he ahua iti i roto i te raupapatanga rōpū. kihai i whakaaro ia he whakahihi, e kore ia i rapu ki te noho tūranga tiketike, me te i te wa ano i te mea homai noa tūturu o te taparuraa, koinga pakihi pai, engari ano hoki i te ingoa mō kaiwhakahaere pai, me te hoa taiva ore.

Kirov i Leningrad

huru pai o Stalin ki Kirov hohoro hua i roto i tona whakarite rite upoko o te whakahaere rōpū i roto i Leningrad. Ko tōna whāinga matua ko te ki te whai kore pānga i runga i te Leningrad Kominiusi upoko o mua o te rōpū pa Grigory Zinoviev - te hoariri oati o Stalin. A muri Kirov, ahakoa te meka e ki a ia, tae noa tamata ki te whakamahi i te mahi tahi ki te niupepa Cadet. Sergey Myronovych tutuki kore anake mana tonu i runga i te whakahaere rōpū o te pa, engari ka hoki te rangatira o tata Leningrad, whakahaere e pā ana ki tika tetahi, me te ara te whakaoti i te take whare, me te kāinga. hanga ana e ia he ahua tōrangapū nui mua i roto i te whakahaere o te pa i roto i te mutunga.

Heoi, i reira he he meka ngā - Kirov Sergey Mironovich, ahakoa, a taea taau mo te taumata teitei o te kaha i roto i te whenua, rawa i muri ia ka he mema o te Politburo TSKVKP (b) e kore e ki te whakamahi i te reira, a katoa arotahi anake i runga i ngā take o Leningrad. Tenei fokotu'u mai e i roto i te wahi tuatahi ko Kirov mahi ta'esiokita tika, pai atu i te hanga i te mahi. Heoi, tautoko tino ia whaia e Stalin te kaupapa here, tino hāngai i taua meka. Hoki Iosifa Vissarionovicha, he pai, me tino nui, tautoko pono ia i waho te "kohatu i roto i tona uma."

Otiia kihai i mahi i tana whānau

Ki te ko te pai mahi pāpori katoa, e kore te ora whaiaro Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha i puta. I roto i te 1920, ka tutaki ia tana wahine tuatahi (puritia kahore raraunga i runga i taua mea). He tau i muri mai, i ratou he kotiro iti - Eugene. Otiia patua kino - ka tino mate Kirov wahine, a mate i muri hohoro.

Whai wāhi i roto i te feia faatere rōpū tamaiti i kahore wa - mahi i roto i tona ora, ka mau atu te wa katoa, a ka a Eugene Sergeevne Kostrikova ki faahiti te whakarau o papa o ana tamariki - ki te haere ki te kura noho. Tenei tupu i muri i whakaritea ona mātua ki te hono to ratou oraraa i te kaumeá maoro - Maria Lvovna Marcus. ne fakafisi te wahine ki te farii i te tamaiti a te tahi atu taata. Ko te kupu, kua hinga Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha whānau tuatahi rawa, a ko te tino uaua kōeke tuarua karanga, rite reira ko anake Largus Kirov rangatira me tamariki, kihai i hoatu e ia whanau.

E te ara, Evgeniya Sergeevna Kostrikova ko te tamahine tika o tona papa - Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha. meka Interesting i tona haurongo he tohu mārama o te meka. I roto i te whawhai ki a Nasí Germany, ko reira ake anake rangatira wahine, te kamupene tank katoa i roto i te whakahau o te tangata.

I patua e ia Kirov Sergey Mironovich?

Kei te whakapono te reira e nga wahine ngoikore Kirov. He nga hau e pā ana ki tona maha romances ki toni rongonui, me te Leningrad Bolshoi. Heoi, ko te kōrero ki te whakaū i tēnei, e kore e kitea. Ae, ka taea tamariki poriro Kirov Sergei Mironavich iho hoki e kore kī i te iti rawa taunakitanga e reira he. Heoi, hono tetahi putanga ko tona matenga he take aroha. E ai ki tenei whakaaro, i roto i Kirov i ahau he take poto ki te koriri Draule - he kaimahi o te komiti ā-rohe. Tana tane, Leonid Nikolaev, ka ako e pā ana ki reira, ua faaoti ia ki whiua te hoariri, patu ia ia.

Tera atu ano tetahi putanga, i runga i nei Nicholas, he tangata o wawata tahatahi me te tiaturi, na reira ua faaoti ki riro rongonui, me te haere ki raro i roto i te aamu, pera i nga Kaahu o Alexander II. Ka rite ki reira ranei e kore - e kore e mohio, engari ko te meka i whakahau fakafo'ituitui ia te mate o te taua ahua nui rōpū - he meka mâro-. Ahakoa i pūtahi tūmatanui tiaki nui, na ko ngāwari ki Nikolayev reira, patu ki te pu, ki te tiki ki Smolny, te wahi ka kei te Komiti Party City. tutaki Kirov i te whare o te whare, me te haere i muri ia ia, koperea Nikolaev ia i roto i te matenga, i muri i nei tamata ia ki te mahi i te whakamomori, engari i taea ki, kaihapai.

kōhurutanga o Kirov rite te take mo te tāmitanga

I muri i te mau herehere, me te uiui o raupapa Nikolaev, ka reira mārama ki te feia imi e mahi te kaipatu anake, me kahore tumu tōrangapū i roto i te hara e kore e mahi. Otiia kihai i Stalin manako he hua taua, "tana iwi" - kihai i he kaitōrangapū nui-rangatira, i ki mate na poauau, a reira, e taea te whakamahi i tana mate ki te painga o koutou. Ki te mahi i tenei, te reira noa e kua tuku rite te taiao mahi o te pato'iraa.

I roto i te mutunga, i muri i te raupapa o ngā tukanga tōrangapū o 17 iwi koperea, 80 haere ki te whare herehere, 30 - i roto i te hononga. i tonoa Mano o te iwi i Leningrad rite hārakiraki. E te ara, ko te ua pupuhi Nikolaev kore anake, engari tana wahine (te rangatira kiia o Kirov) Milda Draule.

Tribute ki Kirov

rangatira mano a ahi o te revolution, he kanga katoa ki te Pāti me te whenua, koa kore anake mana tiketike i roto i te iwi, tino aroha ia, ka wehi i roto i te Soviet Union. I roto i te kororia o tona pa i whakaingoatia Vyatka te Kirov (1934), me urupa Sergeyu Mironovichu Kirovu taea te kitea i roto i nga wahi maha o te whenua. Tanumia "rangatira o Leningrad" e tata ana te taiepa Kremlin i runga i Whero Square i Moscow.