Ko te Māoritanga o te populism. populism hou. Populism - Ko ...

He aha e matau ana tatou e pā ana ki populism? Mahalo'oku totonu ke tau faahohonu i to ratou matauranga? I muri te pānui i tēnei tuhinga, he pono ka kitea e koe te tahi mea hou.

Ko te kupu, populism - ko reira he kaupapa pāpori-tōrangapū o te tetahi whāriki o te intelligentsia, me te te parau haapiiraa wä o te Russian Empire, te hawhe tuarua o te 19 - wawe. senituli 20. Ko te whāinga o te kaitautoko o tenei aronga ko te whanaketanga o te tauira motu o te kukuwhatanga kore-capitalist me te urutaunga āta o te taupori ki te tikanga o te ao hou, haere tonu. Populism - Ko te pūnaha o whakaaro i taea ana te nuinga i roto i te whenua ki te ōhanga nuinga ahuwhenua i roto i te whare putunga i roto i te whakawhitinga ki te wāhanga ahumahi o te whanaketanga (anake mo Russia, ko reira Poland ko Ukraine, te whenua Caucasus me nga āhua Baltic).

I reira, kua fokotu'u pūtaiao e karanga ona māngai ki te tini, i arahina e kore anake e tikanga mo tōrangapū whakakorenga tonu o te autocracy (ko te whāinga o te kaupapa hou i roto i aua ra i tenei), ko te hiahia ā-o pūtahitanga o rua ahurea - iwi, me te piha haapiiraa mātauranga. Populism - Ko te ahua o te hapori utopian ki etahi kaupapa whakahou i maha ao o te ora tūmatanui. whai wāhi te horapa o tenei āhuatanga ki te kotahitanga o te iwi mā te tango i ngā rerekētanga i te piha haapiiraa, me te hanga i te papamuri ki te waihanga i tētahi hapori ture kotahi mo te iwi o te whenei katoa.

kaiwhakatū o populism

Ko ratou Herzen me Chernyshevsky. Ko taea te kitea te tohu tuatahi i roto i nga mahi o te A. N. Radischeva, A. S. Pushkina, N. V. Gogolya, ko A. Ya Chaadaev, e whakakitea nui moni i roto i te take pāpori i roto i ana mahi, "te parau mau o te ora." Ko reira i konei, me te he ona takenga i roto i te populism Russian.

Herzen

I roto i te 1830 ka hiahia i roto i Hegelianism Herzen, whakapono ia e te kī ki te ahunga whakamua pāpori me kia te 'amanaki o te whanaketanga whaiaro, me ki te hinga i te matawaenga pāpori, me te wairua i runga i a ia. Heoi, whakama i roto i te whanaketanga o Europe, i whakapono ia i roto i to tatou whenua, i roto i te populism i Russia. kite Herzen tona heke mai i roto i te huringa o whanaunga rawa, e hāngai ana ki te mana me whakakitea me nga mema o te hapori tahi. enei ngā katoa o populism, kitea ia i roto i te hapori. whakamoemititia Herzen te ito o te peasants i Russia, hoatu ratou "māori" collectivism atu nei ki runga nga wawata takitahi o nga Pakeha. te mau parau tumu whakatakoto e ia i hanga i te pūtake o te ariā taketake o "hapori Russian".

Chernyshevsky

Chernyshevsky, i te tahi atu te ringa, ka mīharo e te "Westernism" me tona whakaaro o te ahunga whakamua pāpori i runga i te whakapono i roto i te ma'á o te whanaketanga pāpori me te ōhanga, me te te hapori o te ara whanaketanga Pākehā, me te Russian. I roto i te rerekē ki ariā o "hapori kore-orurehau" rangimarie o te Herzen, kihai ia i whakahaere tikanga i roto i taumira tutu o ngā take pāpori e. Ko pai te mōhio o te hiahia mo te wā roa-mahi mātauranga, me te tōrangapū i roto i te iwi ki te whakaoti ona raruraru pāpori nui Chernyshevsky. Tenei ahua tūmatanui ki te whakatairanga whakaaro o te whakaoranga o peasants i te whenua, kahore utu, whakakorenga o taero, utu, e mau ana i roto i whakahou o te taputapu kāwanatanga, te whakahaere o te rohe whaiaro kāwanatanga-, te e Fakataha vsesoslovnogo pūtahi māngai me te whakatūnga o te tikanga ture. He maha Radicals kāinga kitea i roto i ona mahi e kore e karanga mo te mahi tautoko wā roa-, engari te whakaaro o te huringa pāhoro o te whenua.

Ēnei huarahi e rua - āhua (ohaoha) me tuwhena riro (pāhoro) populism te take o nga ngā rua. whakaaro te reira i te aronga pāhoro o te waenganui 1850 a tae noa ki 1881. I muri i te kohuru o te Hiha Alexander II (1 Maehe 1881) me ki runga ki te tīmatanga te rau tau 20, te huarahi tino whānui ohaoha.

Populism - Ko te āhuatanga ahurea motuhake

e pā ana te take o te populism te ki te hītori o te hanganga o te intelligentsia i Russia. Ko te whakaaro o te aroha mo te hara tangata (Berdyaev) peitatia te pūnaha katoa o te mahara tūmatanui o to matou whenua i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 19. tamata populism Māoritanga ki ngā āhuatanga o Westernism me Slavophilism. Ratou whakaaro - he ara kore-capitalist o te whanaketanga, te whakawhitinga ki te hapori collectivism tiaki hapori taiwhenua - kua wehe me te tino āhuatanga o te kaupapa Russian, me te ahurea. Tenei pūnaha o whakaaro i roto i te whānui i roto i te āhuatanga kaha o te parau mau, i roto i te noa'tu o utopianism. I te ngakau o te pai morare - te whakapono i roto i te morare, me te pai e taea te huri i te ao mo te pai. Populists kore e whakapono i roto i te Atua he atheists whakaaro, Heoi, i roto i o ratou whakaaro ka tatou i runga i te ariā o "hapori" me "uara Karaitiana."

tukua piri o tenei kaupapa i i mahara tūmatanui i raro i te mau faaueraa o te hahi, engari noho noa ngā tikanga Karaitiana ahurea. Populism Māoritanga o autocracy hanga ārai ki kē whaitake ki te kāwanatanga liberalism. Rīpera kite nga mana o te hunga tutu, na kua kite te mana kingi tona tautoko anake i roto i te taiao momo, i hohoro te mutunga te mate ia.

Directions me ngā

E ai ki te tohu o te radicalism he nunui:

• I roto i momo;
• ohaoha-orurehau;
• populism pāpori-orurehau;
• anarchist.

e pā ana parirau tūpato i ki slavophiles (Insurance, Grigoriev). Ko te iti rawa ona mahi ako, me te e māngai te nuinga i te mahi o te tokotoko o te moheni "Wiki" Chervinsky P. me I. Kablitz.

Māngai o te ohaoha-orurehau (centrist) parirau o te 60-70s o te rau tau 19: a Eriha ( "Contemporary" moheni), Zlatovratski, Obolensky, St. Michael Korolenko (1868-1884, "record Domestic"), Krivenko, Yuzhakov, Vorontsov me ētahi atu . Ārahi ana ideologues ko Lavrov me Mikhailovsky.
Supporters aronga orurehau pāpori Narodnichestvo haere Tkachev me ki etahi whānuitanga kore makona Morozov whai i whakatairanga faaineineraa roa, me te ki te rongo pāpori. ka whakatata ratou te whakaaro o te whakaterenga, horo ake te revolution.

wero parirau anarchist te hiahia mo te huringa i roto i te whenua. Populists anarchist Kropotkin me Bakunin i taunu ana te kāwanatanga, tae atu ki tona whakamahia, me te pehi haere noa o te takitahi. Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i, i takaro ai i roto i te tūranga tino kino, engari i roto i te ariā i te maha o ngā whakaaro pai.

Ko te karapu tuatahi me ngā rōpū

I roto i te tau 1856-1858 i reira ko te porowhita whakatö i University Kharkov. I te tau 1861 i whakakapia ai e haere mai i te uniana i raro i te ārahitanga o PE ko PG Agriropulo Zainchevskogo i Moscow. Ko ona mema o anake te ara ki te whakaahua ke i te parau mau e karapoti ana i whakaaro te revolution.

"Whenua a Freedom"

Te whakahaere ngaro kaha tino o St Petersburg i 1861-1864 tau ko te "Whenua me Freedom". moe ona ngā mema (Sleptcov, Kurochkin, mowhiti, Utin, Rymarenko) o "nga tikanga mo te revolution." ngā te hōtaka o te Society te whakawhiti o whenua ki nga peasants (whakaritea mo te utu), whakakapinga o rangatira katoa pōtitia rangatira, whakaiti o te whakapaunga hōia, me te marae kingi. Heoi, e kore i enei tikanga riro rawaka te tautoko i roto i te iwi, a ka rite ki te hua te whakahaere whakamararatia, e kore e toe ara kitea nga ratonga Conservatory kingi.

"Ishutintsy"

tupu Ishutina hapori orurehau i roto o te porohita, te mau melo o te whakahaere "Whenua me Freedom". Tona whāinga i ki te faaineine kaiahuwhenua revolution i wahi rōpū hinengaro. I roto i te kaha ki te kawe ki te ora etahi o nga whakaaro o Chernyshevsky ki te waihanga awheawhe me ētahi, te mau melo o te hapori whakatuwheratia i roto i te Moscow te kura noa i roto i te tau 1865, here me awheawhe tuitui, whakahaere whiriwhiringa e pā ana ki te whakatūnga o te fetu'utaki, me kaimahi ironworks Lyudinovo i te kawanatanga Kaluga, whakatūria he wheketere miro i runga i te pūtake o Association i te tau 1865 i roto i te rohe o Mozhaisk. whakaritea "Ishutintsy" Chernyshevsky mawhiti i te whare herehere, engari mutu ratou mahi i April 4, 1866 kōhurutanga nganatanga Karakozov, tetahi o nga mema o o tenei hapori, te kingi. I roto i tenei take neke atu i 2,000 populists kua tae mai i raro i tūhuratanga, i tautea 36 ki mehua rerekē o te kaha (Karakozov - taronatia Ishutin whakanohoia i roto i te puritia mokemoke i Shlisselburg pa, te wahi ia muri haere haurangi).

"Kohuru o tangata"

Tenei whakahaere arahina e Nechayev māngai he kaupapa tuwhena o populism a i whakapumautia i roto i te tau 1869 i roto i Moscow ko St Petersburg. Tuhinga reira o 77 iwi. Ko tōna whakaaro i faaineine ano he "revolution o te iwi". whakaurua Sergei Nechayev i whiwhita o te whakahaere, me te kore o te mau parau tumu, tinihanga me te tonotono. Ki a ia nuitia taunaki P. L. Lavrov, ko wai i whakapono e "kia kore tetahi aituä reira kore e tino āhei pakanga te viivii ore morare, a kore e whakaheke tetahi maturuturunga iho anō o te toto tetahi." huaina Nechayev te wehi, whakapataritari. I whakaae ia e ka e whai hua i roto i te whakakaewa aratau taua tikanga, ka kawe i te heke mai kanapa. Ivanov, korero ki a Nechayev, i muri mai i ako ki te he i a patua. whakatuwheratia Pirihimana he mahi taihara, a rere ana te matenga o te whakahaere ki waho, engari i kitea, hopukina a tamata rite te hara noa.

kore kua tēnei Māoritanga i roto i te noa, a ka kitea i roto i te whakaaro orurehau o te tahi atu āhua. Na, te whakatau tatou populism (rau XX) i roto i te nekehanga whāia o te toru o nga whenua ao mō ngā tau maha ki te haere mai.