Ko te pūtahi tōrangapū o te hapori. pūtahi tūmatanui Tōrangapū

Ko te pūtahi tōrangapū o te hapori i roto i te ao hou - ko te huinga motuhake o ngā rōpū me ngā pūtahi ki tona mekameka o te whakahau me te hanganga, ture me ngā ture e whakarite whanaunga tōrangapū i waenganui i te iwi me ngā rōpū. Ko te ara o te whakahaere hapori, e taea ai e koe te whakatinana i etahi whakaaro tōrangapū, e tika ana ki te āhuatanga motuhake me ngā whakaritenga tenei. Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, ko te tino whānui te ariā. Na reira, kia whakaaro koutou ona āhuatanga i roto i te taipitopito nui.

whakarōpū

Kua wehea nga pūtahi tōrangapū o te hapori ki ngā pūtahi o te whai wāhitanga, me te mana. Ko te rōpū tuarua ngā rōpū e faaohipa mana tūmatanui i rerekē ngā taumata aroākapa, a ki te tuatahi - hanganga hapori ā-. Institutions o te mana me te whai wāhitanga, ko te pūnaha pāpori tōrangapū e kua he tetahi tapatahi, me te pararopi te taunekeneke ki kaiwhakaari kaupapa here, me te tahi atu āhuatanga o te mahi tōrangapū.

mana tikanga

whakaritea te tikanga o te mana tōrangapū e te mahi o ngā kaupapa rerekē, tetahi o nei ko nga pūtahi tōrangapū. State - te tinana mana matua e maua e mana tonu i runga i nga tikanga me ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana e ratou. Ko reira hipokina te kāwanatanga i roto i ona mahi i te hapori katoa, me ona mema o takitahi, tino taea ki te whakapuaki i te ngākau nuitanga o ngā tūmomo rōpū pāpori me ngā akomanga, mahia te pūrere mana, me te whakahaere i nga ao ngā o te ora. Ture kia me whai he wahi motuhake i roto i te whakatinanatanga o te mana kāwanatanga. Na te tikanga o te ture whakarato te whaitake o ngā kaupapa here e whakatairangatia ana te pūtahi o te kaha.

Ko te tūranga o te hapori

Ko tētahi atu whakanōhanga matua o te pūnaha tōrangapū - he reira te tino hapori ā-, i roto i nei anga me nga mahi o ngā rōpū tōrangapū, me te tahi atu rōpū. I roto i ngā wā hou i roto i Europe me te United States i hanga e rite taua, me te āhua me te hapori, i puta i raro i te mana o ngā huringa hou,. Mai taua wa, a ko nga pūtahi tōrangapū matua o te hapori. Ko te āhua ka mahi rite te mana tika, matou heriheri tino o te tųkinotanga a tae noa tutu i roto i te rohe motuhake. He hapori ā-ko tetahi ahua o te huritua.

Whakaaro Maurice Hauriou

Kaiwhakatū o institutionalism, he orometua ture i France Moris Oriu, i titiro hapori rite te kohinga o te maha nui o ngā pūtahi rerekē. tuhituhi ia e nga tikanga pāpori, me te tāone - ko te whakahaere, e ngā kore anake iwi, engari ano hoki he pai, he whakaaro, he parau tumu. Ko te pūtahi tōrangapū o te hapori ki te tango pūngao i ona ngā mema whakawhetai ki te āhuatanga i tabulahia i runga ake. Ki te tuatahi te tetahi porohita o te iwi tahi me hanga he whakahaere ngā, i te wa katoa ia taumai whaona ki nga whakaaro, me te whakatutukitanga o te kotahitanga, pai kia kia huaina ai te Institute tahi. whakahaua te reira i te whakaaro ko te faka'ilonga o tenei āhuatanga.

Classification Hauriou

taratahi Institutionalists i whai i te pūtahi tōrangapū o te hapori: rangatōpū (e ngā kāwanatanga, rōpū hokohoko me ngā rōpū, ngā uniana hokohoko, hahi) me te pera-ka karanga REM (ture). E āhuatanga ēnei momo e rua rite te ahua o tauira pai o whanaunga pāpori. Enei tōrangapū pāpori pūtahi rerekē e whai ake: te tuatahi E whiri haeretia i roto i te pāpori rōpū, me te whakamutunga taea te whakamahi i roto i tetahi huinga me kua ratou ake whakahaere.

Te arotahi i runga i ngā pūtahi rangatōpū. E ratou maha ngā āhuatanga noa, āhuatanga o te hapori motuhake: whakaaro ārahi, he huinga o te whakahaere tikanga me te aroākapa o te kaha. mahi o te kāwanatanga - ki te tirotiro i me te ārahi i te ora ōhanga me te pāpori, i toe kaha motu takawaenga kūpapa mō te whakaū i ngātahi ki te pūnaha kotahi o te taurite. Ki te rā, kia waiho kaupapa here a Russia i roto i tenei aronga whakamua.

Āhuahira pūnaha

Ko te pūtahi tōrangapū o te hapori ko te awakeri roto i te kitenga o te mana kei te. tohu ratou te pāhekoheko i waenganui i te kāwanatanga me te tangata hononga, whakatau i te tōtika o te pūnaha o te whakahaere tōrangapū. pūnaha tōrangapū - he fakakātoa 'o enei āhuatanga katoa. āhuatanga Taumahi Ko tona tikanga tōrangapū. He aha te mea te reira? Ko te huinga o motuhake tenei whanaunga tōrangapū mō te etahi momo o te kāwanatanga o nga tikanga, me ngā tikanga, ngā me whanaunga i waenganui i te hapori me te kāwanatanga, nga puka ngā o Māoritanga, te piha haapiiraa me whanaunga pāpori pai-whakapumautia. Rerekē i runga i te tohu o te haere noa o te whanaunga takitahi, me te pāpori i waenganui i te hapori me te kāwanatanga e toru aratau taketake: fakaaoao, manapori me te totalitarian.

Manapori Ko te aratau tino rongonui

Ko te pūtahi matua o te pūnaha tōrangapū o te hapori, me to ratou hononga pai kite i runga i te tauira o te manapori, i te mea he ahua o te whakahaere o te ora pāpori me te tōrangapū, āhuatanga nei i te te kōwhiringa o te taupori o kē rerekē o te whanaketanga pāpori. Kei te nuinga o te tukanga manapori ngā pūtahi tōrangapū katoa, mai titau tenei aratau te mōrahi o te mahi pāpori, me te tōrangapū e wāhanga katoa o te taupori, me he reira tuwhera ki tetahi kōwhiringa mō te huringa pāpori. e kore te manapori ia se hiahiatia hoki tenei huringa tuwhena o te rōpū tōrangapū te tohutohu, engari he pono reira te pūmanawa. rōpū tōrangapū, nekehanga pāpori me whakahaere tōrangapū i roto i tenei aratau ko te nui rahi o te momo, me te, na reira, kua āhuatanga tonu hapori manapori i papû ore rite te whāinga tōrangapū, me te pāpori i roto i tona ngako me te takenga e tonu tāupe. E tonu ratou ara tino tautohetia ki resistance me te pakanga e ngohengohe ki te huringa tūturu.

He aha te mea te ahua o te ture?

Ka taea te kitea i tēnei wā tata nga wahi katoa i roto i te pūtaiao tōrangapū. Ko te aha te auraa i te reira? kāwanatanga Ture - te whare manapori tino nui. E iti tonu te reira i mahi o nga mana i te anga morare, ture, me te tōrangapū. Ko te pūtahi tōrangapū o te hapori i roto i te āhua ture o te iwi, te hanga tikanga rite mō te tangata katoa, ahakoa o iwi, mana pāpori, tūnga, hiro'a, tae, a na i runga i. Constitutionalism i roto i te anga o te kāwanatanga mau te wahi motuhake, me te ko te take aueue, e whakarato ana te tetahi predictability o kaupapa here whaia e nga mana. Ko reira te matua o te parau tumu o te ture, me te kore e āhuatanga pērā i te puna mana ko te tīmatanga mō te constitutionality. Tatou kēne mea e te matua faanahoraa o te tōrangapū pūnaha o te tikanga o te ture - te ture ano, i te kaimahi ki konei anake, me te matua te taputapu me regulates ngā āhuatanga o pāpori ora.

Ko te take o ngā pūtahi

Ko te tōrangapū pūtahi o te hapori maha wheako raruraru i roto i te pāhekoheko me te iwi whānui whakaaro, ina koa i nui i roto i te wā o te hurihanga me te huringa i roto i te pūnaha o te kaha poutū. I tenei wa i reira ko te pātai e pā ana ki te hiahia kia päpähotia ki ite i te pūtahi hou, me te tawhito, ko reira varavara faarahi te tūranga o te hapori o ngā whakaaro i runga i te whai huanga, me te akiaki ia o te oraraa o enei pūtahi i te katoa. He maha ngā rōpū tōrangapū me nekehanga pāpori kore e taea akakoromaki i enei raruraru.

Ko te raruraru matua o te au

E rua tohutohu i roto i tenei take. Tuatahi, e kore e riro tonu nga pūtahi hou te āhukahuka me te tautoko o te whakaaro tūmatanui. Tuarua, kahore he nui-tauine kaupapa ki whakatutuki mōhiotanga o ona mahi i roto i te pāpāho, i waho te matua tautoko tauwehe i te kua pai-pumau, me whai mana tōrangapū kiea me kaha, hou pūtahi kēne kore hanga ona ara. Hoki nga whenua o te pou i roto i to ratou titauraa no te democratization hoki raruraru hāngai, me te whai huatanga o taua ari rite nga pūtahi tōrangapū o te hapori. I roto i tenei take, i reira he he porowhita nanakia. e kore e taea e ope manapori tōrangapū New hei tonu whai hua, rite reira he kore tautoko tika i nga tini me nga kiea, ka whiwhi kore e taea e te tautoko me te aronga o te whaitake, no te mea i roto i nga kanohi o nga tini e kore e whai hua, me te kore e taea te whakaoti i te raruraru fehangahangai e te hapori. Ko te rite tenei te mea "hara" i tenei wā o tōrangapū Russian.

Analysis o te whai huatanga o te manapori tikanga me ona pūtahi

Te tātari i te pūtahi tōrangapū ture o te hapori, riro te reira mārama e he ratou tino whai hua rite ki te hua o te tukanga tino roa o te whanaketanga me te urutaunga i roto i te hapori i roto i te iho. Hei tauira, Me ki te mea anake mai i te rautau rua tekau nga whenua Western manapori tiketike. Ko te whanaketanga whakaae o pūtahi pāpori, me te tōrangapū hou, me te e wahi i roto i toru ngā wāhanga. Ko te tuatahi - te whakatūnga me te hanganga o te tuarua - tona legitimization me te whakaaetanga o te kamupene, te tuatoru - te urutaunga me te hua muri o te tōtika. Ko e rua o te wāhanga te wa roa, me te tūponotanga nui o okeoke hoki ki te wāhanga tuatahi. E whakaatu ana wheako Historical e "hanga manapori", te take matua - hoatu he takotoranga pāpori me te hanganga ture ki te ngākau nuitanga o te iwi whānui.

Mahu'inga o Pāremata

whakaurua te mana arii o te iwi katoa i roto i te āhua i roto i te tinana māngai e faaite te pai ai ngā o ngā kaipōti katoa. Ko Pāremata Ko te whare manapori tino nui i roto i te tikanga o te ture, kahore i te mea feruri manapori i te katoa. āhuatanga āhuatanga o te Paremata: te te noho o te whakatau-kaupapa me ngā kaimahi pōti. Ko te kawana, e kua pōtitia e ona i te mau melo Ko nga tika māngai o te pai ai o te iwi, me te te te ārahitanga o te State me te iwi whānui moni. mahi Pāremata maha ngā mahi nui, ko te matua e:

--ture, mai te mea te tika ki te hanga ture e te hunga whakahauanga me ao Paremata anake;

- whakahaere, i te whakahuatia i roto i te aroturuki o te kāwanatanga me te ture o ona mahi (whakaaetanga o te mau melo o te, whakarongo, me ētahi atu pūrongo).