Ko te raruraru o te tangata i roto i te rapunga whakaaro me te māramatanga o tona ngako i roto i rerekē tohutohu taumauri

Te riroraa me te ao i roto o te iwi mahi i roto i te tikanga maha, engari e pā ana ki te whakaaro, wahi me te āhua o te kaupapa anake whakaaro i roto i te ao. Ka taea e tatou te mea e te raruraru o te tangata i roto i te kaupapa ko tetahi o ona raruraru matua. Roa mai i reira e maha whakamāramatanga o no ki te tangata. Ahakoa i roto i nga wa onamata hauti korero e pā ana ki "he biped kahore huruhuru", i kua whakahuatia Aristotle rawa kapi a mahino - ko te tangata ko te politikon zoon, arā, he kararehe kouma, e kore e taea e ora, kahore pāpāho pāpori. I roto i te Renaissance, Pico della Mirandola , i roto i tona "Speech i runga i te uho o te tangata," ka mea e kore te mea hoki te iwi o te wahi etahi i roto i te ao, me rohe mārama e - he ratou i roto i to ratou nui ki te ara ki runga ake i nga anahera, a ka i roto i ana i naia ki hinga i raro rewera. I te pae hopea, te philosopho existentialist French Sartre huaina tangata nga "oraraa, e na mua te ngako", te tikanga e whanau iwi rite te hinonga koiora, a ka riro whaitake.

puta te tangata rapunga āhuatanga rite he āhuatanga motuhake. Te tangata ko te ahua o "kaupapa", ia ia hanga. Na reira, ko te reira e taea ki te mahi e kore anake, engari ano hoki ki te "hanga whaiaro-", e ko, te huringa ake, me whaiaro matauranga-. Heoi, kua oti te whakarite te ora me te mahi a te tangata, me te iti i te wa, e ko te hoari a Damoclès iri mo ratou. hangaia e te tangata e kore ratou anake, engari ano hoki i te "natula tuarua", te ahurea, kia rite hoatu Heidegger reira, "rearua te oranga." I tua atu, e ai ta ia te taua philosopho, ko "te, i whakaaro e ko Genese." A, i te pae hopea, haamau te tangata i runga i te ao katoa huri noa ona inenga. Ahakoa ka mea a Protagoras e te tangata ko te mehua o mea katoa i roto i te ao, a ka ngana philosopho i Parmenides ki Hegel ki te tautuhi i te oranga me te whakaaro.

hoatu hoki te raruraru o te tangata i roto i te rapunga whakaaro i roto i ngā o whanaunga i waenganui i te microcosm - e ko, te ao i roto o te tangata, me te macrocosm - te ao e karapoti ana. I roto i Ayurveda, te Hainamana me te onamata kaupapa Kariki i matau te tangata hei wāhanga o te Cosmos, te anake mure ore "tikanga" o te natura. Heoi, ko te tawhito i mua-Socratics pērā i Diogenes o Aporonia, Heraclitus, ko Anaximenes ka tū he tirohanga rerekē, pera-ka karanga "paralellizma" ha'iha'i me macrocosm, e pā ana ki te tangata kia rite ki te whakaata he tohu o te macrocosm ranei. Mai i kua tīmata tenei postulate ki te whakawhanake i tētahi mātauranga tikanga tangata naturalistic, tangata whakarewa i roto i te wāhi (ngā anake o nga ngā huānga me nga mea timatanga i te tangata).

Ko te raruraru o te tangata i roto i te kaupapa me te whakamātau ki te whakaoti arahina reira ano ki te meka i timata wāhi me te āhua ki te matau anthropomorphic, rite te ora, me te tinana wairua. Ua faaite tēnei whakaaro i roto i te mythologems tino tawhito cosmological "World pracheloveka" (Purusha i te Vedas Inia, Ymir i te Scandinavian "Edda" Pan Gu i kaupapa Hainamana, Arama Kadmon i te Hurai Kabbalah). Mai i whakatika tenei te āhua o te tinana tangata ano, kua he "wairua rangi" (ki taua whakaae Heraclitus, Anaximander, Platon, Toika), a kei te maha tāutuhia tenei āhua ki te ahua o te atuaraa immanent. Knowledge o te ao i tenei wāhi o te tirohanga, maha mahi rite te whaiaro matauranga-. NeoPlatonists Space rewa i roto i te ua, me te hinengaro.

Ko te kupu, kua hanga te aroaro o te tinana tangata, me te wairua (ranei, atu ïa, te tinana, te wairua, me te wairua) tetahi totohe e faaite te raruraru o te tangata i roto i te rapunga whakaaro. E ai ki te tetahi tirohanga, te wairua me te tinana - he momo rerekē e rua o te ngako taua (kau muimui o Aristotle) enei, a rite ki te tahi atu - he ratou mau rerekē e rua (kau muimui o Plato). I roto i te parau haapiiraa o te whakahekenga o wairua (angamaheni kaupapa Indian, Hainamana, Ihipiana, me te wahi Kariki) o te rohe i waenganui i mea ora e tino pūkoro, engari te natura taata anake ki feinga mo te "whakaoranga" i te ioka o te wira o te oraraa.

I kitea te raruraru o te tangata i roto i te hītori o te kaupapa tikanga. Vedanta Ayurveda ngako o te tangata e karanga atman, i roto i te te ihirangi roto tona parau tumu hanahana ōrite - te Brahmin. Hoki Aristotle, te tangata - he mea ki te wairua kouma, me te kaha mo te ora pāpori. whakaingoatia kaupapa Karaitiana tangata mo te wahi motuhake - he te "image me ahua o te Atua", e ia i te wa ano e tika ana ki te hinga paoka. I roto i te Renaissance, te paruru ia'na karangatia mana motuhake tangata. hanga rationalism Pākehā o ngā wā hou kua tona faaiteraa peha o Descartes e whakaaro - he tohu o te oraraa. Ko te whakaaro o te rau tau XVIII - Lamettrie Franklin - tāutuhia mahara tangata ki te tikanga ranei "kararehe, te hanga i te tikanga o te hanga." kaupapa puāwaitanga Tiamana i matau rite te tapatahi ora tangata (i roto i ngā, ka mea a Hegel e te tangata - he wā i roto i te whanaketanga o te Ariā Absolute), ka tamata Marxism ki ngā tūturu me pāpori tangata i roto i ki te awhina o fakamatelié mita. Heoi, i roto i te rapunga whakaaro rautau rua tekau nuinga e personalism, e kore nei e arotahi ki runga i te "uho" o te tangata, me i roto i tona motuhake, taketake me te tangatatanga.