Ko te tikanga o te kuputuhi: tauira, raruraru me ngā tikanga. Tātaritanga me te tikanga o te kuputuhi whiti

Ia tetahi o tatou i tenei ra, anga te nui etahi o ngā mōhiohio tikanga. Ahakoa ko reira he kōrero taketake, tikanga ranei te tahi mea atu, E tatou katoa ki "iriti" nga kupu me ngā kīanga noa i roto i te reo mārama ki a tatou.

mōhiohio whānui

Ko te parau "tikanga o te kuputuhi" Ko rōpū kaua whakahē. Hoki te tangata e pā ana te reira ki te tahi mea fifi roa, hōhā, tino Scientific, ko pea te kaiwero te wahi tuatahi o te wā. tikanga te kupu "tikanga" ko rite te mahi o te whakaaro i ngā i roto i deciphering te tikanga o te tītohunga ki matau i te reira, a ka mahi ki a reira, me te mea tatou tona tikanga ko reira he rerenga roa, me te matatini i roto i te reo mania, e taea te mea te reira e te tikanga - te urutaunga o te kuputuhi ki ratou ake tirohanga me te matauranga. I roto i te parau tumu, e kore te reira na uaua nui ki te mārama me pēhea ki te mahi ki te kuputuhi, tuhituhi kore anake, engari-waha ano hoki, me te ki te ite i te faufaa o te individuality me subjectivity i roto i te tirohanga o te mōhiohio.

He aha te mahi i te reira?

Kia tīmata a ki te meka e whakatau he aha te hiahiatia tukanga kaimahi o tikanga o te kuputuhi. Nuinga o ngā wā e pā ana te reira ki te tātari tika hoki te hanga i muri o to koutou ake kuputuhi, pērā i roto i nga mahi DPA me whakamātautau te wahi e hiahia ana koe ki te tuhituhi i te tauākī. I roto i tenei take, tikanga, te māramatanga o ngā tuhinga - te matua ki te angitu. Otiia i te wa ano i te kaha ki te tika te mahi ki te kōrero i tuhituhia, ko te nui e kore anake i roto i te whakamātautau, engari ano hoki i roto i te ora ia rā. Na, i runga i to tatou kaha ki te matau kuputuhi tuhituhi tei te nuinga i runga i te kaha ki ngā ratonga taketake - kaha taketake o tetahi mema o te hapori: tikanga hē o te kuputuhi e taea arahi ki pōhēhē, me te mea i roto i te take o mahi tuhituhi e kore e waha e tetahi mōrea e te tirohanga he o te kuputuhi i roto i te anga o te kōrero e taea arahi ki papā e tino ko te raruraru nui.

Na inaianei pūtaiao

ka mau tikanga o ngā tuhinga tuhituhi rite te pūtaiao motuhake āhua anake i roto i te rau tau rua tekau. I mohiotia tenei e rite te "hermeneutics." Ētahi kairangahau mea e te whāinga matua o tenei mara o te matauranga - "na kia whakamahia ki te kuputuhi i roto i te tikanga ki te mahino reira pai atu te kaituhi ia ia." Tikanga, whakaaro tenei pūtaiao e rite wāhanga o te kaupapa, engari paopao he horihori tona motuhake.

hikuwai

Ki te tikanga e farereihia e tatou i roto i te kōhungahunga. O te akoranga, i reira e te tahi mau ariā whānui me whakaaro e he ao mō ngā tamariki katoa, engari, no te tīmata te tamaiti ki te whakaatu i individuality, i reira e tuatahi, me te rawa te tirohanga o ngā ari. E haamata te reira ki pikitia me tātuhi, a muri ki te pūkenga pānui, toro taketake o tikanga ki te hua.

mea ētahi kairangahau e te tauhohe rerekē he tohu o māuiuitanga i te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki, engari i te wa taua mea katoa e taea te pēnei ki te whakaaro auaha o ngā tamariki, whakakitea i roto i te taitamariki taua tau. Ko reira pea e ko tenei e founga e whanau ratou geniuses e kite i te ao rawa rerekē. I roto i kore take e kore e taea e whiua tamariki mo to ratou singularity, i runga i te anga ke, kia whakatenatena i te reira, ka whakawhanake i roto i nga ara.

He iti e pā ana ki ngā mahi i te kura

Hei wāhanga o te marautanga kura whakaaro te taua tikanga o tikanga o te kuputuhi rite te whakaaturanga, me te tuhinga roa. I roto i te take tuatahi he mārama katoa: kua hiahiatia reira ki matau i te waehere pūtake ki te matau hiahia o te kaituhi, a whakaata i te reira i roto i to ratou mahi, ki te tuhituhi, he nui atu ngā mea katoa. whakamahi te reira i te tikanga taketake o te kuputuhi. Tauira o taua mahi - te tito-Pāoa, te wahi mahi a te ākonga - ki te whakawhanake i te pakiwaitara, timata i te kaituhi, he tuhinga roa ranei, he whakautu i roto i nei e hiahia ana koe ki te whakapuaki i to ratou huru ki tūranga o te kaituhi, o te akoranga, whakatika i te reira.

whakaaro te momo uaua tino o mahi te whakaaroaro ana, i roto i nei te hiahia mo te tātari taipitopito me te tikanga o te kuputuhi. Ko ratou te hunga e hei i te pūtake mo te mahi tino motuhake, e pā ana ki te taketake o nga whakaaro me ngā taketake anake, e ka faaite i te ākonga.

Kia tahuri tatou ki te rotarota

Hard ki te mea he aha te mea uaua ake: ko te tikanga o te kuputuhi whiti, ranei te mahi ki te tuhi. Ko te taa o te reo tuhituhi, ko nga kupu maha, e hanga reira uaua ki te kapo: e taea te whakaatu ai te taua ariā i roto i ara rawa rerekē, ina koa, ki te he te reira i te kupu i puta ke o ratou tikanga wetereo i runga i te wā, hei tauira, "troechnik" i roto i te tikanga hou - he tauira, e kore ko te tohu pai te hua, te mea i roto i te iwa me te tīmatanga o ngā tuhinga rua tekau-rau, e riro te reira i te kōtimana, e kua kingi nga hoiho e toru.

Ko tētahi atu raruraru ko te tikanga o te kuputuhi whiti - ara. Kupu whakarite, whakarite me tītaia kahore he tonu, mārama te tangata noho i ohie, hoko he paheke pono, rawa hoki te ākonga hou, he tokomaha o nga ariā e he tangata ke ki tuhinga puāwaitanga. I tua atu, kite iwi te āhuatanga i roto i ara rerekē, kia kore e taea e tatou e te mea ki te tino pūmau e he tika te tikanga o te kuputuhi whiti, ki te taea tikanga o te ariā o te takitahi.

te tuhi te ora

e pā ana tikanga o te kuputuhi tuhi kei ki te taua mau fifi rite te whiti. Ano, rerekē, tikanga takitahi o etahi ariā, ano māramatanga kāore o te kupu - he māmā ake tika aha te tuhi, ko te nuinga o te wā iti tikanga o whakapuaki toi, me te, rite ki te tikanga, e kore e ratou uaua ki te matau i te kuputuhi.

I roto i te parau tumu, no te angitu te tikanga e taea te whai wāhi tika "translation", kia ki te karanga i tetahi reira he āhuatanga - mārama tirohia te tikanga wetereo o ia kupu o te kongakonga rerenga, tīpako i te huinga tino pai mo te faaiteraa o te whakaaro - tata ki te tuhituhi anō i te kuputuhi, tino te ti'aturi i runga i te hoahoa faaauhia. A ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te fariiraa, e karanga wetereo pōhēhētanga reo: i roto i tenei take e kore e tika mohio te tikanga tangohia o ia kupu, riro te reira mārama i te āhuatanga.

E whakaatu ana te tikanga tuarua he taumata āhua teitei o matatau, engari i te wa ano e kore e whakarato i te tika tino o te tikanga. ano hoki nga painga tenei tikanga ko te meka e tetahi, a ka taea e whai i te kupu kotahi i te momo o tikanga wetereo, rerekē i roto i tona taumarumarunga iho (te kupu, "hao" taea e rua kounga pai, me te kino i runga i te horopaki kei), me te pōhēhētanga wetereo Na te reira e te reira taea ki te karo i te rapu i tuhia mo te uara tika, whakaatu noa te atarangi e hiahiatia ana o te tikanga i roto i te kuputuhi.

Ranei pea e kore te mea e tika ana?

Tikanga o te kuputuhi, me tetahi, he taea kahore he mārama whakamāramatanga o te tikanga wetereo o te kupu ia takitahi. Tei mea katoa i runga i te āhua o te mea e tika ana te māramatanga hohonu o te kuputuhi. Hei tauira, e mohio katoa te kaiwetereo parau Scherba "puhuruhuru Kūdra Steck kudlanula bokra me Kudlach bokrenka". e kore e kore tetahi o nga kupu i roto i te tono mea faufaa, engari i te kotahi tikanga o te kuputuhi he taea: whakakitea kotahi fakaaoao ki te pakeke, a inaianei tonu ki e kore e tika rawa mahi ki kuao. I roto i tenei āhuatanga, e kore te mea e tika ana whakatakotoranga.

Tino ngā Ko nga mahi ōrite mō ngā tamariki: mahi o tenei ahua ka tukua ki a ratou tino ite i te aravihi auaha, hanga reira taea ki te hanga i te pūnaha ahurei o whakapakoko e hāngai ana i runga i te perception takitahi o te kuputuhi: ka kite i te taua "puhuruhuru Kuru" katoa i roto i to ratou ake ara, ka rite ki bokra ki bokronkom.

reo ke

take takitahi kia whiriwhiria ko te tikanga o te kuputuhi tuhituhi i roto i te reo ke. Ka taea e te tūranga te tākaro me ngā tikanga motu, me ngā rerekētanga mātāwaka, ara etahi āhuatanga rohe o te reo ahurei ki te wāhi ngā.

Mahi ki te kuputuhi atu rite te ake mahi: kua mau te whakaaro taketake, a noa te toenga kia redrawn, tino i te wahanga, kua taunga ki te māramatanga o te kaipānui, tawhiti i te āhuatanga o te reo taketake.

Ko te toi tūturu - te tikanga tika o te kuputuhi. Tauira - sonety Shakespeare whakawhiti ai Marshak Pasternak ranei. Tuatahi, kotahi me te Sonnet ano ia o enei kaitito oro rerekē - ko te tauira maramarama o tikanga takitahi o te kuputuhi tuhituhi tenei, a tuarua, tohu te tahi mau kairangahau i taua te translation Russian he nui atu fakaefakatātā taketake Ingarihi i roto i te peculiarities wetereo o te reo, e ano āhei te reira ki a koutou haapapu i te tūranga o te tikanga i roto i te tirohanga o te kuputuhi.

mutunga

Tikanga o te kuputuhi, rite hei kua mārama - e kore te taua mea ohie, rite te mea te reira i mawhiti tuatahi. He maha onäianei rerekē, ia o nei e taea te tākaro i te wāhi nui i roto i te māramatanga o te kuputuhi. Ko tētahi atu tauira pai o te tikanga kia he urutaunga o te kuputuhi mō kaipānui o ngā taumata rerekē: hei tauira, āta te faaohie i te tahi mau mahi tuhituhi, hanga wātea ki te māramatanga o ngā tamariki, ratou pērā i ngā kōhungahunga mō nei e taea e te nui o te tikanga o te whakapuaki toi e he fakafaingata'a'ia'anga nui ki te matauranga.

Haafaufaa ore i te faufaa o te whakamārama i te kuputuhi - ko te kino. kia ia tangata mōhio e te tika "translation" anake e tukua ki a reira te tomo ki te whanaungatanga angitu ki te hapori, ki te mahi ki fifi mātauranga, me te ngaio, me te, i roto i te parau tumu, ki te whakaoti i te maha o ngā raruraru e ara ake i roto i to tatou oraraa ia rā. Me kï reira e taea te whakawhānui ake i te ariā o te tikanga hoatu i roto i te timatanga o tenei tuhinga e kore anake ki tuhinga tuhituhia, mahi tuhituhi, hei tauira, engari ano hoki i roto i te kōrero rā i waenganui i te iwi. Mai i tenei, kahore e taui: te tikanga o nga kupu, homai he tino māramatanga o ratou uara te tangata te whai wāhi ki te tino whakawhanake, e whakaatu ana i te pai o to ratou aravihi auaha, i runga i nei, tei te tikanga o te āhuatanga.