Ko te ahei o te hanga i te taonga ohie te i roto i te āhua noa ia huānga. I roto i tenei ahua, ko te kaupapa o ngā ngota ko te taua, he hangarite ratou. I roto i te matū matatini, ko te nui ake uaua te āhuatanga. Te here matū i roto i tenei take, hangarite, rāpoi matatini i roto i pūhui matatini i hanga kotuari here.
He aha te tikanga o te piti hāora
He pera pūhui i roto i nei e kāore tohaina nga irahiko rite taea, i.e. i roto i te hanganga o ngā matū matatini irahiko honohono, neke i te ngota ki ngota. Ko tenei tohatoha pāhiwihiwi o matū matatini i huaina hāora pitihāoratanga ranei. I hanga i ki te tiaki o te ngota i roto i te rāpoi ngota i huaina te tohu o hāora o te huānga. Tei runga i te āhua o te whakawhiti irahiko i tetahi ngota ki te wehewehe i waenganui i te tohu kino pai ranei. I roto i rānei take te whakatau hoki huānga ngota e rave rahi irahiko hanga huānga matū kāwanatanga piti hāora te whakaatu i pai, me te kino (E E + ranei -). Hei tauira, kotahi record K tikanga e tuku te ngota pāhare pāporo kotahi irahiko. I roto i tetahi pūhui organic pokapū noho ngota waro. Ko te valency o te huānga hāngai ki te 4-m i roto i tetahi pūhui, engari i roto i te rerekē pūhui waro ka kia rerekē te tohu piti hāora, ka waiho reira rite ki -2, +2, ± 4. kitea ana tēnei āhua o ngā uara honohono, rerekē, me te tohu o te hāora i roto i tata tetahi tahi.
Whakatau i te tohu o te piti hāora
Hei whakatau i te tohu o te piti hāora, he mea e tika ana ki te mohio te mau marôraa mana'o faufaa. e kore e taea e ki te whai i te tohu tango Metals, engari i reira he okotahi onge ina hanga te whakarewa he pūhui ki te whakarewa. I roto i te tau rōpū pūnaha wā o ngota hāngai ki te āhua pitihāoratanga taea teitei: waro, hāora, hauwai, me tetahi atu mema. ngota Electronegative ki displacement ki tetahi tangata e tango tetahi irahiko ngota he tiaki o -1, -2, me ētahi atu e rua irahiko e kore te mea hāngai hoki te taua ngota tenei ture. Hei tauira, HH kōrero ka waiho reira rite ki te 0. Communication C-H = -1. Ko te tohu o te piti hāora o te waro i roto i te C-D = + 2. Kotahi me te uara ano o nga konganuku ko nga rōpū tuatahi me te tuarua o te pūnaha wā me te fluoro (-1). I tenei taumata o te hauwai i tata pūhui katoa ko te +1 anake hydrides i te mea reira -1. No te huānga he whānuitanga kore-tamau, ko reira taea ki te tātai, e matau i te pūhui tātai. Te tikanga taketake, e kī e te moni o nga nekehanga i roto i tetahi rāpoi ngota he 0.
He tauira o te tātai i te tohu o te piti hāora
A feruri i te tātai o te tohu o te hāora ki te waro i roto i te tauira CH3CL pūhui. Tangohia raraunga tauanga: te tohu o te hauwai ko +1, y māota -1. No te haratau, ka amo tatou x tātai i te tohu o te piti hāora o te waro. Na, no te CH3CL e puta whārite x + 3 * (+ 1) + (- 1) = 0. Mahi ngā mahi tauhanga ohie, e taea te takoto te tikanga e te tohu o te piti hāora o te waro e +2. Tenei ara e taea hanga e koe tātaitanga mo ia pūmotu i roto i te pūhui matatini.