Ko te TU-160: ngā whakaritenga hangarau, whakaahuatanga

i muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao i reira ko tonu he tohatoha anō tuwhena o ao o mana i roto i te ao nei. I roto i te 50-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga, i hanga e rua hōia kimi huarahi NATO whenua me te Warsaw Pact e ko te tau e whai ake nei i roto i te pakanga tonu. "Cold War", i whakawhanakehia i te wa, i tetahi wa, i taea e Käre e ki tuwhera pakanga, i pai tino kua mutu i roto i te whawhai karihi.

Ko te heke o te ahumahi

O te akoranga, i roto i taua mau huru e kore i taea te tīmata i te iwi ringa, ka kore i taea e tukua tetahi o nga kaitākaro tona backlog. I roto i te wawe 60-doma o te Soviet Union i taea ki te tiki i mua i roto i te mara o te patu rautaki pere, i te US ko mārama i roto i te mata i te nui me te kounga o te rererangi roa-whānui rererangi. He ko örite hōia.

Ko te taenga mai o Khrushchev whakahōhā atu te āhuatanga. Ko na aroha o te hangarau pere, i te mea te pakiaka o "patua" maha whakaaro fafau i roto i te mara o te pū tikanga me rererangi rautaki ia. whakapono Khrushchev e kore i ratou nui o te hiahia o te USSR. Ko te mutunga o te āhuatanga i roto i te 70, ka i matou anake te tawhito T-95 me etahi atu mihini. Enei rererangi, ara hypothetically, kihai i hinga i te whanaketanga o te tūponotanga o te pūnaha rangi korero hoariri.

He aha e te pere rautaki?

O te akoranga, i ranea ki te kī i te aroaro o te whare mata karihi kaha i roto i te mahi pere o te ao ka taea anake ki te tono i te patu whakatūpato noa "tohu" ranei ki te hoariri i runga i te undesirability o te whai-ake ki kahore i reira.

i na nui e hopea mohio kau taki te whenua o te hiahia mo te bomber rautaki hou te āhuatanga. Na ka tīmata te kōrero o te rongonui Tu-160, whakaritenga o nei e whakaahuatia i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Developers

I te tīmatanga whakaritea te mahi katoa ki te mahi ki a Sukhoi me myasishchev. He aha, i roto i tenei rārangi poto e kore e ngā te rongonui Tupolev? E mea ohie: kihai i oaoa roa ki Khrushchev, nei i kua whakahaere ki te whakangaro e rave rahi kaupapa whaihua whakahaere te kamupene o. Fakatatau ki ai, Khrushchev ia ano e kore e pai rawa ineine ki te "aravihi" hanganga. I roto i te poto, ko te Tupolev "kotiti."

E te wawe 70-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga nga whakataetae katoa aroaro o ratou kaupapa. Maroke faaite i runga i te whakaatu M-4. Ko mīharo te mīhini, e pa ana tona mahi. whakamana te ngoikoretanga te kore te utu: i muri katoa, ki tonu whare Titanium iti kore ki te mahi i te mea e hiahia ana ratou ki te. hoki aroaro Edo Myasishcheva tona M-18. No te take unknown, i reira i hono Tupolev ki "70 Kaupapa".

Winner whakataetae

Ka rite ki te hua, whiriwhiria matou Sukhoi. ko kaupapa Myasishcheva hoahoa kotahi ata me Tupolev ka whakaaro katoa ki te kia paku reworked rererangi harangotengote. Na reira i reira ko te Tu-160, nei whakaritenga e wiri puku tonu i roto i te hoariri pea? Tenei ko te wahi tīmata te pārekareka.

Mai i kotahi kitea ki te whai wāhi i te kaupapa hou i te Sukhoi Hoahoa Bureau (reira te hanga noa te Su-27), me te myasishchev mo etahi take nekehia atu (i reira e maha papû ore i roto i te whānui), te pepa o te M-4 i hoatu Tupolev. Tenei e tika i reira e kore e hoki i mauruuru i te take Titanium, a tahuri ratou whakarongo ki te manene - te kaupapa M-18. Ko ia te tangata e ko te pūtake mo te hoahoa o te "White Swan". E te ara, paorangi rautaki rererangi-rererangi ki te parirau ola tāupe, kia rite ki NATO codification, ko te ingoa tino rerekē - blackjack.

ngā whakaritenga Basic

Na ano, he aha pera rongonui TU-160? āhuatanga Hangarau o te rererangi, ko te kia, uira tonu e ara i roto i nga wa o te tenei ra e kore e te motokā titiro rite "antiques" i roto i te tohu iti. Katoa te raraunga matua kua hoatu matou i roto i te tepu, kia kia tino taea e koe tenei.

Ehara i Koinei, te ahua rawa o te Tu-160, nga āhuatanga hangarau o e kua whakaahuatia i roto i te tuhinga, ko reira he ohorere rawa kino ki maha mana Western. Tenei rererangi (mana'o te tamaa) taea "tēnā" ratou ahua tata tetahi whenua. Na roto i te ara te korero, i roto i te tahi mau mīhini kau malanga ke huaina D-160. Whakatakotoranga - te reira pai, engari te mea rite te patu ki "White Swan"? Ehara i te mea hoki haerenga pai rite i hanga ai?!

Mōhiohio e pā ana te rākau o te riri poma

papatipu rākau o te riri Paerewa e taea te whakanohoia i roto i te compartments roto te takere, ko te 22.500 kirokaramu. I roto i te take rawa uelichit enei whika ki runga ki te 40 tana (whakaaturia tenei ahua i roto i te tepu). Ko te maha o te ringa ngā rua (tīmata pu tautuhinga) o drum momo, e ai kia i raurarahi me rautaki missiles KR X-55 me X-55M. I roto i te rua atu drum Pu 12 He aeroballistic X SD-15 (M = 5.0).

Ko te kupu, nga āhuatanga rauhanga, me te hangarau o te rererangi TU-160 whakaaro e muri e tu i te ao hou, o enei mihini i roto i to tatou ope kua neke atu i te tau tatini.

Kia utaina ki te karihi pere warhead me karihi-kore, kapa momo taea katoa (ki runga, ki te CC-1500). Ka taea te eke te tatau poma i roto i poma tikanga, me te karihi, me ngā maina o ngā momo. Nui! I raro i te takere e taea te tāuta booster "Burlak", Kei te whakamahia nei mō te whakarewa āmiorangi marama. Ko te kupu, ko te Tu-160 ko te tino "e rere pa", patu kia e taea e koe whakamatea o ētahi atu whenua reo-rahi te tokorua i roto i te rere kotahi.

mana te tipu

Na kia mahara tatou he aha te tawhiti e taea hinga tenei mīhini. I roto i tenei whakaaro, ka whakaara ake tonu te pātai o te engines, whakawhetai ki nei e matau i te ao katoa nga āhuatanga o te Tu-160. rererangi rautaki me kua meinga tenei hei āhuatanga ahurei, mai kore mahi te whanaketanga o tona pūnaha toko i ki KB, i ko te kawenga mō te hanga o te waka rererangi.

I te tīmatanga te whakamahere ki te kia whakamahia hei pūkaha NK-25, tata rawa ōrite ki te hunga e e kia tāuta i runga i te Tu-22MZ. kua tino pai āhuatanga te pamu mahi, ki te kohi wahie e hiahiatia ana ki te mahi i te tahi mea e pā ana ki reira, pera e pā ana ki tetahi flights fakavaha'akonitinēnití ki te "hiahia" kore i taea e ara moemoea o anake. Nā ki te mea kua tutuki mahi nui tākirirangi kawe TU-160, i nei te whakaaro ia inaianei tetahi o nga waka tauā pai i roto i te ao nei?

Hea i te pūkaha hou?

Just i taua wa Hoahoa Bureau, ahu e Nd Kuznetsov, kua tīmata hoahoa i te faufaa hou engine jet NK-32 (i hanga ai e hāngai ana i runga i te tauira kua pai-whakapumautia HK-144, HK-144A). I roto i te rerekē, kia pau te pūnaha toko hou tino iti wahie. I tua atu, ka whakaritea ai e ka tangohia i te wahi nui o nga hahi te pūkaha NK-25, e e whakaiti i te utu o te production.

Here me rawa tatou whakahua i te meka e kore he cheap te manureva i roto i iho. I tēnei wā, tata te utu o tetahi wae te i 7.5 piriona moni. Fakatatau, i te wa, ka tika hanga tenei motokā whaihua, he mea utu noa atu. Ko reira te aha i hanga 32 anake rererangi, a i ia o ratou ona ake ingoa, a kahore noa ruma poari.

peke tonu tohunga Tupolev i te faingamālie, rite whakaora reira ratou tokomaha o nga raruraru e kua puta ake i roto i te maha o ngā nganatanga ki te whakarerekē i te pūkaha, ka te tawhito Tu-144 i. Ko te kupu, i whakatau te āhuatanga ki te painga o te katoa: he powerplant pai KB Kuznetsova i te Tu-160 - he wheako tino. Ia ka Tupolev atu wa e taea te pau i runga i te whanaketanga o ētahi atu pūnaha nui.

Ko te pūtake o te takere

Rerekē maha atu wahi hanganga, parirau "White Swan" riro i te Tu-22M. Tata e tino rite nga wahi katoa te hanganga, anake te rerekētanga ko te puku atu kaha. A feruri i te take motuhake e rerekē waka rererangi TU-160. He ahurei i roto i taua i haere ratou ki te tika e whitu awhi nukurau, e e ka whakairihia ki runga ki te wae pokapū-kurupae Whakatakotoranga rākau. I roto i te meka, a tawhio noa tenei hanganga katoa, me te "hanga ake" te toenga o te takere.

hanga te kurupae pokapū te o Titanium parakore, rite taea ki te tu atu ki te hunga pikaunga, i roto i rere, ko te kaupapa ki te rererangi ahurei anake tenei rauemi, ko te. Na roto i te ara i te korero, tona production kua rawa whakawhanakehia tikanga o irahiko kurupae fehokotaki'anga i roto i te huru kūpapa, i te mea tino uaua, me te tukanga utu tonu, ara kahore whakamahi Titanium.

parirau

kua Development parirau ki āhuahanga tāupe mō mihini o tenei rahi me te taimaha kua mahi rawa kore-mama. timata kē fifi ki te meka i he tika tona hanga ki faufaa huri tata te katoa hangarau production. whakarewa āta hōtaka State mo tenei whakaaro, ahu P. V. Dementev.

I roto i te tikanga ki te whakawhanake makona i tetahi tūranga o te parirau anga kaha ko tino i whakamahia hoahoa ata. Ko te huānga matua ko te pera-ka karanga "tupuke". Ko te paki taha pera-ka karanga, e taea e afe, ki te tika, te tautururaa i te rererangi hoko he ola tonu. I tua atu, i roto i te take o te huri i te āhuahanga o te parirau ko reira "tupuke" i hanga whakawhitinga maheni i waenganui i nga āhuatanga o te takere, te whakaiti rangi resistance.

Na e te manureva TU-160, āhuatanga rauhanga, me te hangarau e tonu ki te whakamīharo ara tenei ra, mea au nui o tona tere ïa enei kōrero.

hiku-rererangi

Kua whiriwhiria Ki te whakaaro ki stabilizers hiku, i roto i nga kaihoahoa iahiko whakamutunga ki te whakamahi i te takere e rua-wahi. Ko te pūtake ko te, wahi whakaritea raro, noaa nei te tika ki te stabilizer. Ko te taa o tenei hoahoa ko e hanga tino immobile tona runga. Te aha i meatia tenei? A ki te rawa whāiti o te wāhi e rite ana te elektrogidrousiliteli tohu, me te actuators mō te faahuri wahi o te hiku.

te e puta Tu-160 (blackjack). Whakamārama me te āhuatanga hangarau hoatu he whakaaro tino pai o tenei motokā ahurei, i te mea mau i mua o tona wa, he torutoru noa nga tau. I teie mahana, enei rererangi ake i raro i te hōtaka motuhake: he whakauru ko te wahi nui o te taputapu hiko tawhitotia, ngā pūnaha whakatere me patu. I tua atu, ka nui haere te ora pūkaha.