Mangai Anatomy: photo

Mangai, anatomy ka e kia kōrero i roto i tenei tuhinga, ko te "rohe" i waenganui i te mana taiao me te taiao ā-tangata. notemea reira he tauārai nui ki microorganisms, whakarato te wāhanga tuatahi o te nakunaku me te takanga o oro.

Mangai: anatomy i roto i ontogenesis

I roto i te whanaketanga embryonic o te tangata mangai tīmata ki te whakawhanake kua i te ra 12. E ngā tohu reira protrusion ectoderm, kei nei i waenganui i te cardiac ngä me mirumiru kaka. I roto i tenei wā, huaina ai ko te fovea, kōhao-waha ranei.

whakawhanake Reo i roto i ontogenesis 4-5 wiki. I te uaua ngaungau, he reira he hua o te whakarereke o nga haurangi pihapiha. whanaketanga atu o te kōhao-waha, i te mea nui ake uaua anatomy, taea te hua ki te reka o te waikahu. Ko te taiao i roto i nei kei reira tenei. I runga i te wiki 7 o roto i te reo o te puku reka puta. Na roto i te timatanga o te tuarua o te whanaketanga embryonic marama whakaoti te hanganga o te rangi.

āhuatanga mucosa

Anatomy o te kōhao-waha (whakaatu whakaahua tona hanganga) fakafofonga'i e te wāhanga e whai ake nei: ngutu, te arero, paparinga, niho, pae, aerodynamics o te salivary repe, tonsils me rangi.

He wāhi nui i roto i te whakarite i ona mahi whakaari mucosa i hanga kiko epithelial multilayer flat. Kei raro reira ko te membrane basement me submucosal. He āhuatanga āhuatanga o te epithelium-waha ko te kaha nui mō te houtanga, whakatinana nei e tika ana ki tona apa tupu, me te ātete ki te pānga kino o whakaohooho taiao me mate reo.

Tūturu membrane mucous o kiko tūhonohono i hanga e pūtau. E kei reira mutunga karere, capillary me oko lymphatic. motuhake mucous tūturu te hanganga pūtau, rite he mahi nui. Ēnei ngā macrophages, pūtau rewa me te wē. whakarato rātou i te phagocytosis o matūriki ke, ture o te uruhanga iaia, ariā o immunoglobulins.

Ko te mucosa-waha e ngā momo o receptors. Ko ētahi o ēnei mamae, tūturu, me te pāmahana. Otiia e kore e te reka o te mucous kite. whakamana ana tēnei taumahi e te okana uaua o te kōhao-waha - arero.

Ka rite ki te hua, e taea te mea te reira e te mucosa tangata o te kōhao-waha whakarato te tiaki, kirihou me te mahi tairongo.

reo

whakarato Anatomy tangata kōhao-waha hanganga me te mouthfeel. puta ratou ka whai wāhi ki ngā matū ki receptors motuhake. Whakaae he pono takitahi reka perception. Ko pūtaiao wehewehe ona momo matua. He kawa, kawa, reka, me te tote ratou.

i huaina reka receptors chemoreceptors. E tū ana i roto i nga puku reka, ia o nei hono te ki te mangai te whakatuwheratanga wa. Ahakoa te hanganga whānui o te mahere, he motuhake ratou. Ko te kupu, ko te matamata o te arero he receptors takiwa e kite reka, i runga i te taha - te kawa, i te pakiaka - kawa. Ko te whānui te rohe e taea kite i te reka tote. Kei runga i te matamata, me te i runga i nga taha. Kei te whai wāhi hoki te reo i roto i te hanganga o ngā oro, mākū, pokepoke, me te horomia kai.

Ko te tinana o te mangai me niho

kawea tukatuka Food Mechanical te roto e te tikanga o te niho. Tikanga, tatau ratou 32. I roto i te poka o ia o kauae kei i runga i te 4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 iti me te 6 molars nui. He motuhake katoa o ratou. Na, ki te awhina o incisors me canines puta kai Repanga a, a ka mongamonga ia ki te awhina o taketake ki te kāwanatanga mushy.

Ko te peculiarities o te hanganga waho o te niho ki te wehewehe i te pakiaka, kaki, me te karauna. Ko te whakamutunga, ko te wahi e kitea o reira me te kei runga ake i te kapia. Ko te papanga e hipokina te karauna, ka karanga te tohu. Kei te whakaaro te reira i te faingataa i roto i te tinana tangata. Neck hanga he rauemi iti roa - sima. kiko tūhonohono whakakī i te kōhao o te niho ko te penupenu. whakaritea te reira i muka karere, lymphatic me oko toto. Na reira, ko te reira i roto i puta te kaha o te penupenu me te niho tupu.

Kia pehea te ko te hanganga o enei hanganga o te kōhao-waha? puta tohuwāhi niho ara i roto i te wā embryonic. Ko puta ratou i muri i te 6 marama i muri i whanautanga. He katoa o 20. He waiu ratou, ki runga ki te 10 nga tau e whakakapi e te taimau. Latest tupu niho whakaaro nui e puta ki te 25 tau. Hoki te tangata, ko ratou he throwback mai ngaro ratou mahu'inga i roto i te akoranga o te kukuwhatanga.

receptors

Scientists mea e i roto i te kōhao-waha, ko te pā ana ki 2000 puku reka. I roto i te whakautu ki te taenga o te kai tiki ratou hoha. Kua tonoa e te tohu nei e te kupu i hanga, i runga i te kaka karere i roto i te tari motuhake takawaenga o te uho kaka. Here a hanga e te tikanga o te reka.

No te iwi katoa, he mea tino takitahi. tautuhi Taste tūtohutanga paepae. Hoki ngā matū e kore ko reira te taua. Ko te ahua teitei mo te kawa, iti te - ki kawa. Na ko konei kite te taua te tangata tote, me te reka.

maimoatanga Chemical o kai

Anatomy o te kōhao-waha, me te pharynx pera e ratou tonu me etahi awa tuatahi mō te nakunaku kai. Hāngai kai, tona whakapakoko ara kakara ranei whakaongaonga salivation. Tenei tupu i te tikanga o repe, aerodynamics e whakatuwhera ki te kōhao-waha. Ki te huware wāhinga o te warowaihā matatini ki te neutralization ohie o koiora, moisturizing me bolus tapo'ii. Next, te whakamahi i te reo e pana ia ki korokoro te, neke ki te pū kai, me te puku.

Ko te hanganga o te huware

Ko te āhuatanga ōkiko o te huware ko te ōritetanga mucous wai taekore. Neke atu i te 98% o tona ihirangi o te wai. Wāhinga o huka matatini whakarato whākōkī huware - maltase, amylase me lysozyme. mahi hoki i te rauemi muri te mahi haumaru neutralizing tukumate me te whakaora o patunga waha.

Kei hoki huware mucilage, e kiia nei ko mucin. E whakarato ana hydration me kai tapo'ii. Ko te kupu, mīhini, matū me te tukatuka kai mahi rite te kōhao-waha. Kei te tino hono Anatomy o te pūnaha kūnatu me te mahi whakamana.

Kia pehea te he huware

puta Tukanga huware kahuki. Hoki ona "tīmata" Me receptors ritenga o te mucosa-waha. homai ara ki ponana karere, e e ka tonoa ki te pokapū salivation o te oblongata medulla tenei. he tukanga taua ko UR.

Otiia ki te whakaaro noa tatou i te rēmana kawa keke whakarehu ranei, na i roto i te mangai tīmata tonu ki te salivate. He herenga peheé whakaohooho.

Ko te kupu, ko te kōhao-waha, te wahi arotakengia anatomy i roto i tenei tuhinga, te mahi e whai ake nei:

• ki te whakatau i te kounga me te reka o te kai;
• pūkaha me te matū tukatuka o kai;
• korero ki tukumate hua hë;
• hanganga bolus;
• wāwāhi o te warowaihā matatini ki ohie.