Matatini mīhini-hanga Russian

Machine-hanga matatini ko te huinga o motuhake ahumahi, hua e he mihini rerekē me ngā tikanga. Ano, Kei te āhuatanga i reira e te hanganga o ngā hononga rawa matatini.

Machine matatini nei hanganga he whānui, ngā tika engineering aunoa me te metalworking. Products o tenei matatini whai wāhi nui ana i roto i te whakatinanatanga o te whakatutukitanga hou o te pūtaiao hou, me te hangarau. Na he pono hoki ngā wāhanga katoa o te ōhanga tenei.

Ko te hanganga o te ao hanga metarahi

whakarato ana tēnei ahumahi nui matatini katoa o mea ōhanga te whenua o me taputapu. Hoki te taupori hua reira he momo o taonga. Ko te matatini mīhini-hanga ngā te hanga o te taputapu me te mīhini, me te whakarewa. Āhuatanga hoki ia, ko te ki te faahohonu i te whāiti o te hanga, me te roha tamau o te hōkai o ngā mahi.

Ko te hanganga o te mīhini-hanga matatini ngā runga i whitu tekau manga. Kua whakarōpūngia katoa o e rite ki te ūnga o nga hua, te ōrite o ngā tukanga , me ngā momo o ngā rauemi raw whakamahia.

Ko te hanganga o te mīhini-hanga matatini ngā:

1. Power me ahumahi taimaha. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te hanga o te pūngao, ngā rauemi te whāwhā me te keri, tā me te taputapu karihi, kaata, turbino- me te whare locomotive.
2. Machine, te kawenga mō te whakaputa ngā momo o taputapu mīhini.
3. Transport engineering, e ngā te ahumahi mo te hanga o te waka, me kaipuke, me te pā ana ki te rererangi, me te mara Aerospace.
4. Tractor me mīhini pāmu.
5. Te whakatangitangi, engineering hiko me te hikohiko putanga, whakapono ki kia tika engineering aunoa.
6. Putanga o mihini, me te taputapu mo te kai, me te ahumahi marama.

I tua atu i te wae runga ake ngā iti metallurgy engineering matatini, production awhiowhio me te mahi maitai. kawea ana tēnei tukanga i roto i roto i Foundries. E kei ēnei wāhi i te mīhini ranei i te hinonga motuhake. hua reira takahi, e maka ana, rikarika ki me weldments.

engineering taimaha

Kua whakaurua ngā tipu katoa i roto i tenei ahumahi, āhuatanga e te kohi whakarewa teitei. I te wa ano whakarato ratou nga mihini e tika ana, me te taputapu o te hinonga e pā ana ki te maina me matū, keri, wahie, me te pūngao me complexes metallurgical.

tipu mīhini taumaha he wāhanga, wahi (hei tauira, ngā pīrori maitai mō te okeoke mira), me te taputapu rite-hanga (kapohau, nga kohua i, excavators, taputapu keri). Hei wāhanga o te ahumahi i reira e kotahi tekau iti-rāngai. I roto ia ratou, e maminga, haere, ngota, tā, keri me te engineering metallurgical, me te dizele-, kaata, generators me kōhua hanga.

Ko te uara teitei o te hua i roto i te ahumahi mīhini taimaha hua hanga o taputapu metallurgical. E rite rawa ana ratou ki te tango, me te hiko hau oumu, a hoki otaota sinter. Ko te utu nui, me te taputapu rerekē mō te kuru me te huri me te okeoke production.

Products o hinonga keri machinery he waeine whakamahia mo te tūhura me te hanga (tikanga tuwhera, me te kati), fakatupulaki, me te kuru kohuke he hanganga mārō. Ko ētahi o ēnei maimoatanga wai me matini keri, e haere ana me te excavators peere-wira. taputapu rite whakamahia i runga i kore-ferrous me ferrous metallurgy, waro me te matū ahumahi me te i roto i te hanga o ngā rauemi hanga.

faufaa ōhanga nui mo te ōhanga motu he hua hangaia e engineering ki runga-a-waka. I muri i te katoa, ki taua taputapu e pā ana ki e rima miriona iwi e mahi ana i roto i Russia. hua tenei-rāngai iti cranes hiko, me te rauata, ara nekeneke me conveyors pahoho, me te taputapu mo te mechanization whānui o te wāhi whare putunga.

Production o hariata, hangaia whare locomotive te ki te whakarato i te ao rail waka e tika ana hoki reira. Tenei take iti-rängai me ngā whakaritenga haere tika mo te tereina fehokotaki'anga, te faaineine, tango hukarere me te tahi atu mahi.

Ko mīhini huri hiko hanga, tona whāinga matua ko ki te pīkau i te taputapu e tika ana ki te rāngai pūngao o te ōhanga. Mills o tenei subsector hahi e wātea ana mō te waipēhi me te karihi, otaota mana waiariki me te hau mīhini huri hiko. Ko ia te kawenga mō te taputapu o te pipelines hau matua me te supply i werohia, kōpeketanga me te hangarua o māpele whakamahia i roto i te hinu, me te matū ahumahi, me te metallurgy ferrous me kore-ferrous.

tipu pūkaha karihi faaaravihi i te hanga o te momo o te taputapu mō ngā tipu te mana karihi. Tenei rārangi ngā me reactors tank.
Ko te rōrahi iti o te hanga e faikehekehe tā mīhini. Ko tōna hinonga hua conveyors mō pūreretā, poka tā, me te pera i runga i. D.

mīhini-taputapu hanga

Te ahumahi hua te matatini mīhini-hanga:

- taputapu metalworking;
- press-rikarika ki taputapu;
- taputapu mīhini;
- woodworking mīhini.

I tua atu ki te putanga o ngā hua oti, he kawenga hoki te hanga centralized o ngā waeine, whakamahia hoki whakarewa ano hoki te ahumahi.

engineering transportation

Ko tētahi o ona manga ko te ahumahi rererangi. Hoki te hanga o ngā hua mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi, me te momo o te taputapu hua i te hinonga o tata manga katoa o te engineering aunoa. I runga i nga wheketere ahumahi rererangi whai wāhi Engineers tino mohio me kaimahi whakaputa taonga me rererangi pāhihi. Ki enei kamupene haere conveyors me topatopa o ngā akatuke'anga.

Production o te ahumahi tākirirangi me wāhi he tākirirangi orbital me kaipuke topu, me te momo utanga. I roto i enei waka, maitai fakatahai hangarau tiketike, me te ripeka-rängai production integrated whanui.

ahumahi te pahi whakamahia i roto i tona production te nui nui o te whakarewa. Ko, ahakoa tenei, kawea ratou whakanohonga i roto i roto i ngā rohe ki te turanga nui metallurgical. Ko e tika ana ki te mau fifi rahi o te transportation o oti waka tenei. ahumahi te pahi i maha hononga ngātahi ki wheketere maha rāngai o te ōhanga. Tenei ka taea i runga i te waka wai te tikanga tāutanga o ngā taputapu.

Ko te ahumahi mīhini-hanga nui ko te ahumahi automotive. Kia hua ai te kitea tona tono i roto i ao katoa o te ōhanga ā-motu. He Cars i tono i roto i te hokohoko hokohoko.

Tarakihana me te pāmu mīhini

āhuatanga tēnei ahumahi e whāiti i roto i ngā wāhanga. I roto i te tukanga o te hanga o ona hua whai wāhi te maha iti o ngā tipu e hua wahi me hahi mo te wāhanga ngā o te tukanga.

Tarakihana me te mīhini ahuwhenua kaikokoti hangaia ngā momo. Ko ētahi o ēnei lnouborochnye me matini, kaiwhawhaki miro me te Kānga, potato me ētahi atu mihini. I whakaputahia i runga i nga wheketere ahumahi me ngā whakarerekētanga o tarakihana parahi, me te aroturuki.

Taputapu me Ahumahi hiko

Ko te hua hangaia e te hinonga o enei manga, e rere ke iti pūngao me te kohi rauemi. Heoi, he tika tona tuku ki te tīpako kaimahi mohio, me te kaimahi rangahau.

Plants mahi tatūnga te whakatangitangi me te tāuta o taputapu aunoatanga. Ratou mahi ngā whanaketanga pūmanawa, hoahoa me te hanga o ngā pūrere hauora, mataaratanga, taputapu tari, me te whakatangitangi. Ko o te hangarau tiketike taua hua, me te whakamahia mō te pūnaha mana tukanga, me te mōhiohio aunoa.

I nga otaota Russian ngā i roto i te ahumahi engineering hiko, tēnei wā hua ingoa nui atu i te kotahi rau mano o ngā hua.

Enei hua kitea ratou tono i roto i tata ao katoa o te ōhanga ā-motu. Ko te rōrahi o ngā hua hangaia e te ahumahi hiko, taea te maha o ngā hua i e hanga e rāngai katoa i roto i te töpü engineering taimaha. māngai te whānuitanga taketake o taua hua e te generators ki te waipēhi, hau me te mamaoa kapohau me motors, mīhini hiko, transformers me pūtahuri, electrothermal, electrofusion me te taputapu rama.

engineering Mechanical mo te ahumahi kai, me te marama

I roto i tenei poi o production ngā te iti-rāngai e hua taputapu mo te pūāhuru me te pueru, hū me te kakahu, huruhuru me te hiako, wāhi kai o te ōhanga. wāhi matawhenua o taua tipu, tei runga i te pātata ki te kiritaki.

Tūnga i roto i te ōhanga motu

e kore e taea te amuitahiraa te uara o te ahumahi mīhini-hanga. I muri i te katoa, i tenei ahumahi ko tetahi o te ahumahi taimaha Russian ārahi. I nga hinonga o tenei rāngai hanga te papatipu matua me tino kaha o ngā rawa pūmau, e ngā taputapu. I tua atu, i te matatini mīhini-hanga kua he mana nui i runga i te aronga me te tere o te whanaketanga o te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao, me te hangarau, te uara o te tupu mahi hua, me te maha atu āhuatanga e pā te tōtika o te hanga.

Ko te rōrahi katoa o nga hua i hanga e te matatini mīhini-hanga Russian, he neke atu i te kotahi-toru o nga hua koloa katoa hua i roto i te whenua. I nga hinonga o tenei rängai o te ōhanga kaimahi 2/5 o te katoa kaimahi production ahumahi. Reira tāuta hoki tata te hauwhā o rawa pūmau katoa o te natura ahumahi e wātea ana i roto i te whenua.

He mea nui ki te haafaufaa engineering matatini i roto i te ora o nga wāhi nui o Russia. Ano, ko te taumata o te whanaketanga o enei hinonga tei runga i te whanaketanga o ao katoa o te ōhanga ā-motu. Ko te tūranga o te engineering mīhini me te i roto i te whakarite āheinga korero a Russia.

Āhuatanga e pā te tohatoha o hinonga

He whānui hononga ā-rängai matatini mīhini-hanga Russian. Ko tera taha e, tenei hanganga he maha o ngā āhuatanga ahurei kua. Me kia tiakina ratou i roto i te ngakau, ka whakatakoto i te ahumahi rerekē i roto i te rohe ngā.

Tuatahi o te katoa, kua whakawhanakehia te ahumahi engineering aunoa i te ite taa'e. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e hāngai ratou hinonga i te hanga o tetahi ranei, i te nuinga, he torutoru momo o ngā hua. I te wa ano i reira he he kukū tiketike. Ko te take o te engineering aunoa, hanga o ngā hua oti ka whai wāhi i roto i te maha kamupene i te wa ano tenei. Tangohia, hei tauira, te tipu motokā. Ko tōna hua e anake nga tikanga o te waka.

E tika ana hoki te hanga o ngā waka ranei wāhanga o te tipu taua e tango rite-hanga i te tahi atu pakihi, taea e āhua nui te maha o nei. Tenei take he pānga nui i runga i te whakanohonga o te matatini mīhini-hanga, e te mea faufaa roa ki ngā hononga waka pai. Ko te aha e rave rahi o te ahumahi o tenei rängai o te ōhanga kei roto i te rohe Täingäwai me Central Russia. Oia mau, i roto i ēnei wāhanga i reira he he whatunga transportation pai whakawhanakehia-.

Ko te geography o te matatini mīhini-hanga o Russia, arahina e te tuku o nga hua tino matatini, me te auaha (hikohiko me te engineering irirangi), e hono ana ki te take kaha rangahau. Ko Kei te aha enei ahumahi i roto i Moscow, St Petersburg, Novosibirsk, a na i runga i. D. Ko roto i te takiwā o te wahi i reira te pai whakawhanakehia te pūtake pūtaiao.

ahumahi Machine-hanga, nei hua e pā ana ki te take hōia-rautaki, rite ki te tikanga, i roto i te "kati" pa. Te reira i Snezhinsk, Novouralsk, Sarov, me etahi atu. I te tahi taime kei te hanga e tata turanga hōia.

Ko te mīhini-hanga āhuatanga matatini e whakaawe tona whanaketanga, me ngā te aroaro o te maha tino o te kaimahi tohu. Ko te kupu, e whakaaro te nuinga o ngā ahumahi mahi-kaha mīhini-taputapu, me te mauhaa. Ko te aha taua ngā e whakanohoia i roto i nga rohe ki te kukū teitei o te taupori, i te mea i roto i Moscow, Voronezh, Penza, Ryazan, a na i runga i. D.

I roto i te hanga o hinonga engineering taimaha kiia hoki ratou kohi rauemi nui. Hoki putanga i roto i enei ahumahi rapu i te rota o te whakarewa. Anake i te mea e taea ki te puta metallurgical kararehe, me te taputapu mana. Kei ēnei kamupene i roto i te Urals (Ekaterinburg), Siberian (Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk). Ko tenei e tika ana ki te turanga metallurgical nui ngā i roto i enei rohe. I te tahi taime te hinonga engineering taimaha hāngai i runga i kawemai rauemi raw. tīariari ratou i roto i St Petersburg.

Kei reira ētahi momo o waka, hiahia hoki nei te faaruru i te torutoru anake rohe. E pā ana tēnei, hei tauira, tarakihana hoki kaweake o rakau, me te harakeke kaikokoti. e kore he ngāwari ki te waka i te tikanga taua, a reira, ko te pai mahi reira te wahi i reira he he hiahia hoki reira.

fifi mātanga

Ko te whanaketanga o te mīhini-hanga matatini ki 90-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga, kua nui heke ratou reiti. Ētahi o ēnei kamupene noa tutakina iho, i ētahi atu nui heke production pukapuka. Tautautefito te hekenga i roto i te maha o ngā hua i wheketere whakaputa mīhini, taputapu ahuwhenua, me te hua pū engineering. He aha ko te take matua mō tenei tukanga? takoto ia i roto i te kounga rawakore o to tatou hua, e kore i taea e nei whakataetae ki nga hua kawemai. I tua atu, i muri i te Soviet Union i reira ko tetahi whati o whanaunga ahumahi e vai i mua i waenganui i nga lepupilika o te whenua.

hipoki raruraru o engineering aunoa e i roto i atu kākahu me te roimata o te taputapu. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, tae reira tata 70%. vai tēnei āhua o ngā take i roto i te vertoleto- me te pahi, me te i roto i te hikohiko. Ko te tau toharite o mihini i roto i te otaota mīhini-hanga ko āhua 20 tau. Ehara i te mea e taea ki te whakamahi i roto i te tukanga whakaputa o hangarau hou. I teie mahana, e rave rahi peka o engineering titau te ao hou tuwhena o te taputapu. Anake i roto i tenei take, ka waiho whakataetae i runga i te mākete o ratou hua.

Whai wāhi ki te whakahōhā o te āhuatanga, he maha kamupene ke. Ongó to tatou mākete, pērā corporations tino whakanui i te taumata o te whakataetae.

Ko tētahi atu raruraru nui ko te kore o kaimahi ahumahi machinery. E pūnaha o whakangungu o hōpuni, i vai na i roto i te USSR, i whakangaromia noa. Ki te rā, te tau o kaimahi mohio tata kē tūranga. Nā ki te kaimahi whakapeka o ngā kaimahi taitamariki tino faataupupû i te tukanga o te ao hou, o te hanga mīhini-hanga. Ko te whakapai ake i tēnei āhuatanga fifi paku whakawhetai ki kaupapa haumi. Hanga a kua hanga otaota hou, kawea atu te hangaia anō o hinonga tawhito, te whakawhanake hou a whakahokia ana whanaunga production-ngā mua.