"Mate Syndrome Building" - e whare tupu te reira

Ko te wā "syndrome whare mate" i whakaurua tuatahi i roto i te maimoatanga Health Organization World te hawhe rau ki muri. E ai ki te rangahau tauine-tonu whakahaere e tohunga American i roto i te US me 30% o nga whare kahore e haumaru mō te hauora. I runga i te maha o "kino" whaitua me tari i roto i Russia, taea anake kotahi imi. Syndrome ai tohu rite ki te hunga o mate romahā, engari e tika ana ki āhuatanga o waho: pokepokea ai, puehu, matū ahua kino, me ētahi atu nanamu me allergens.

taiao o roto

E kōrero raruraru o te haumaru kaiao o te ora i runga i te ao whenua puta noa i te ao. Whakahaeretia e whakaritea te rota o ngā mahi rangahau, tohaina moni ki te whakapai ake i te āhuatanga ki te āhua o te rangi, te wai, moana o te ao, te oneone.

E rite nui ko te mātauranga rauropi o te whare. Tei tika Kounga o te ora i runga i te kounga o te whare, ona āhuatanga mā. hau kāinga e taiao tata i 9 ngā wā atu paitini, me te 5 wa te waho he kino. I roto i te ra, iwi "mimiti" ki 3 piriona matūriki o te puehu. Ēnei āhuatanga kino tino pōhara kē hauora.

Ki te whati microclimate roto te whare te, i reira te mea he "syndrome whare mate" - ka piki te reira i roto i te fare koiora, matū, me ētahi atu allergens. I te tuatahi, noho mahi ranei i reira he raruraru ki te manawa, mamae tahi pae hopea kitea, ohoroa.

whakamāramatanga

Ka matau tatou e faaohipa i te wā "syndrome whare mate". whakamahia te ariā o SBS (whare Ma'i English syndrome) te ki te whakaahua i te āhuatanga i reira e kore e nga tangata o etahi whare i reira whānuitanga o ma'i, tohu, me kahore mate motuhake puta.

maha fifili iwi he aha nga tangata o nga whare "syndrome whare mate" puta tino maha. Ko te faaiteraa o te tohu e pā ana te nuinga ki te nui te iti rawa o te rangi hou i roto i nga ruma, me te kounga iti.

Ka taea e puna parakino e:

• kaiao ora (hei tauira, taha-hua o respiration, kopata, harore);
• rauemi hanga me huānga hoahoa (whakarewa, peita, korotutu rakau, papa kiripaka);
• ventilation me te whāhauhau (microorganisms i roto i aerodynamics rangi);
• hau i waho (matū poke i roto i nga pa nui);
• whakamahi hē o te whakaurunga (hei tauira, e paowa).

tohu

I roto i te 1984, WHO korerotia e te "syndrome whare mate" he angamaheni o te 30% o ngā whare hou, me te whakahou i roto i te ao. I roa i roto i te imiraa i kia puta ratou:

• ānini, whanoke;
• kaihapai;
• whakapairuaki;
• ohoroa;
• tohu o te rohirohi;
• ritenga o nga kiriuhi mucous;
• hāhā o te manawa;
• mamae tahi me ētahi atu.

"Kino" Apartment

whakaatu Studies e te hauora o te ino o te iwi (ritenga o nga kanohi, kiri, wahi o runga romahā, ānini, rohirohi, te ngangau i moe) Kei te maha e pā ana ki te kounga rawakore o te rangi hau i roto i te whare. I roto i te huru o whare hou te katia ki 300 o pūhui te ahua matū, moni nohinohi rawa, ngā endotoxins pakete, te nui haere kukū o Radon. Haunga te katoa i runga, he tangata i roto i te ruma pā te mara hiko o taputapu whare radiation (rorohiko, ngaruiti) me radionuclides i hanga rauemi. Ēnei āhuatanga hoatu ara ki "syndrome whare mate".

Te wā kei te whakamahia, ka te fare turuturu tuanui, kapiti i roto i nga taiepa, whakawera pakaru kia paingia te whanaketanga o koroni o te harore mōkitokito, he paitini nei pua. I roto i te whare i roto i te hotoke kei te maha tahuna reira mo te whakawera i te hau tūturu, he haumaru nei ngingiha hua.

āhuatanga Risk

matū kino, mo te ngā take, te rangi tomo nga whare kati, e taea kore noa te kiia. I te 1971 i whakatakotoria ai ake he rārangi o te āhuatanga matū i roto i te nui o rima tekau tohatoha o ngā rauemi hanga. Ki te rā, tino whakanui i te waerau whakamahia mo te hanganga o ngā whare hou, hanga, me te mutunga o ngā whakaurunga tīariari. E kore e taea e tatou e wareware e pā ana ki te pāhekoheko o enei matū, etahi o nei whakaū mahi tahi e te tahi o.

nanamu matū

I roto i te whenua katoa, haere tahi "syndrome whare mate" e parekura ohaoha nui, pera hiahiatia ki te kawe i roto i āraihia, ki te hamani iwi, ki te utu mo te hōhipera. Heoi, he maha rangatira ratou te hanga i te taiao kino, e ngana ana ki te hanga i te pera-ka karanga "whakahoutanga" ki te whakamahi o ō. He taua rauemi tika raro ki te kāwanatanga whakamātautau parukore-tahumaero, me te mahi tahi me ratou e whakamana i raro i ngā āhuatanga pai (wai rangi ranei i roto i nga ruma whaihanga motuhake). I roto i te ora atu uaua.

Ko te wāhanga tino kino o te rangi o tari me whaitua he formaldehyde me phenol. Ko te kukū o te mau utuafare tuatahi tei runga i te waerau waiwai Improvement (papa maramara taonga hou whakaputaina i runga i te pūtake o te tiomimi me phenol-formaldehyde resins). pūtake formaldehyde he hau me ngā hua ngingiha otikore. Ko tētahi atu kaihoko matua i roto i te rārangi o pollutants rangi he styrene, tukua nei te i te hua mātao me etahi wai pepapātū ātete. Kahupeka, varnishes, peita, adhesives, whakarewa he puna o benzene, xylene, toluene.

Na reira, whakatika te pātai i roto i te mea whare "syndrome whare mate", ka taea e tatou whakahoki humarie - te hunga i roto i nei:

• whakamahia te reira i te rota o huānga kirihou (matapihi, tuanui whakatārewatia, awhi pvc);
• e kore te taonga hou i hanga o ngā rauemi māori;
• papa hipoki ki te kahupeka (whariki puranga i hanga o tāwhaiwhai, kiri);
• mātao tīpakongia, rauemi mātao ;
• whare tata hanga ana ruma.

waerau mōrearea

I roto i te whanaketanga o te syndrome whai wāhi ki te hanga rauemi polymeric e whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te hanga hou mo te hanga o te taonga, me te witi, me te taiepa uhi. E kore e iti rawa i roto i te tukanga o te rangi parahanga nekehia atu tupeka paowa, me te ngingiha hua o te hau tūturu. Kei te kitea te reira e he atu mōrearea atu i roto i te whenua tuwhera nga puna contamination me noho wehe o etahi matū (hei tauira te waro haukura) i roto i ngā whare hauora.

Ko te aroaro o ngā rauemi polymer arata'i ki te ahua o te hiko pateko. worsens atu tenei te huru o te rangi i roto i nga wahi i reira i reira he iwi i te roa te wa. Scientists whakapono e te ārai o "syndrome whare mate" kua ki te tīmata ki te hoahoa o ngā whare noho. hanga me te i roto i uruwhenua kaiao o ia whare, a ka whakarato mana ki runga i nga taonga e te e hanga.

makuku te taikaha

hanganga kohatu Ko te pūtake o te nuinga o nga pa. Hei tauira, kia rite ki te GUION i Petersburg 96.9% rohe whare kanohi hanganga kohatu. Ko ētahi o ēnei: 48.7% o te rohe - he whare pereki, kahore koture mai te nuinga, 14.8% - nohoanga hanga i mua i te Revolution.

Ko te taumata makuku tuatahi o ngā hanganga aua marae ko 8-12%, engari ki te wa, i tenei ahua i taea ake i te taha o te maha o ngā wā. Tohunga record ara maranga haukū i roto i te taiepa pereki ki te teitei o e rima mita.

E rave rahi te iwi e mohio ana engari whakaaro whakauaua e te makuku - he taiao pai mo te nuinga o microorganisms kino. Kapiti i roto i nga taiepa, he he kaiwhakahaere o te houku me ngā āhuatanga kino (tae atu ki ngā harore). Na roto i te rangahau, i nga tangata o te tahi mau whare i reira ko te "syndrome whare mate". tahuri te reira i roto i, te ine o ngā tawhā microclimate mo te reira kino, ka te whare ki te taiepa pereki toru tekau nga tau o te tau, e ko, ka te kākahu tinana o e pā ana ki 25%.

pokepokea ai

Ko haumākū High kino e kore i roto i iho, me microorganisms, ka ki pahuatia, te whakawhanake i roto i te taiao taua. Hei tauira, i roto i Sweden normative nui Microcell pokepokea ai harore koroni i roto i te rangi roto e kore e nui ake 174 wae. nui kua whakaaturia i roto i to tatou whenua Studies tenei ahua i te 3-6 wā.

Na, he tangata ki te noho roa i roto i ngā wāhi poke me reira he "syndrome whare mate". Whakatau i te puna o te pokepokea ai e pā ana te ki te rōrahi nui o te mahi - maha noho te koroni o te harore i roto i nga wahi mamao, i roto i nga microcracks, i raro i te mutu. A, no te he mārama kitea ki te kanohi tahanga te pokepokea ai, pera he tino huaketo te ruma, ka hinga rawa uaua tenei whakaeke. Ko te hua o te inhalation o rangi poke ki pua kia he diathesis, huangō, mate pāwera, mate pukupuku, kino okana ā-.

"Mate Syndrome Building": akuaku o te whare

e kore e taea e te tangata e ora i waho te kai, te wai me te hāora. rangi Clean - te matua ki te hauora. kawea te nuinga o te iwi i roto i to tatou whenua i roto i whare roto ki runga ki te 90% o ratou wa. Ka rite ki te tangata, e hiahia ana ano hoki te ruma te ahua o te akuaku.

e matau ana kaihanga mātau he rota e pā ana ki te "syndrome whare mate" a taea korero e whare puta reira atu pinepine. Tikanga, faahapa ventilation rawakore, kia kia kia kawea tona arowhai me te maimoatanga muri i roto i wā. Ka taea e te kounga rangi Poor arahi ki hopearaa pērā i mate pāwera, ritenga kanohi, whango, mare, disorders kiri, ānini, me ahuatanga whānui.

Hauora - e kore e anake te take ki te horoi i te aerodynamics rangi. Tirohia tō pūnaha mō te ventilation o matū pūkākā (ngako i te umu kīhini, i roto i o kakahu dryers muka) faarahi te mōrea o te ahi. Na reira, kia whakahaere wā te āhua o te mâ o te aroturuki rangi.

Āhuatanga e ofati ruma ventilation

no te nuinga o ngā whare Russian ki te wā, no te kahore i te tīariari i te matapihi kirihou. Nä, tangohia nga paerewa hanga ki pūkete te aroaro o te microventilation i tua ki te potae i roto i te kīhini me te i roto i te rüma. Ngā mihi ki te "te kupukupu" papa rakau rangi i roto i te whare, whare moenga, whakahoutia o ngā tamariki i ia te wā.

Tāutanga o kirihou matapihi taea whakaiti i mate wera, me te whakapai ake soundproofing, engari tino "atu" moroiti-ventilation. arata'i tenei ki te hua i roto i te haumākū, me, rite ki te hua, pokepokea ai hanganga. O te akoranga, i reira he tauira o matapihi e whakarato utu hau, engari e hoatu te nuinga kiritaki "e he iti." Ko kirihou ngāwari kore anake te takahi o te ventilation, engari atu ngā putanga wae matū kino.

I roto i te āhuatanga e te tāwari i te ventilation o whare, miramira:

• Tāutanga o kirihou matapihi, hanga e tāuta rua-maro matapihi i runga i te taupee.
• Whakakapi tatau tikanga i runga i te papanga mātotoru, kahore "kino" āputa.
• Mātao (taatiraa) taiepa i waho.
• aerodynamics Replan.
• Opaniraa araa umu (me ētahi atu taputapu whare) hāngai ki te putanga.

filtration rangi

He rongoā hangarau mō te rangi haumaru roto. Te whakatutukitanga hou i roto i whakaoti rapanga he whiriwhiringa motuhake, hei tauira, Haumarutanga High, 3G me etahi atu. E taea e ki te hopu i nga pollutants haurehu waihā me te korakora i roto i te aerodynamics rangi, kahore te hiahia mō te anō-whakamahere o whare ratou.

• Haumarutanga High mō te filtration o ngā wāhanga koiora me te matū.
• whakamahia tātari 3G te ki te mau tonu i te rangi hauora me te mā te hopu particulates iti kitea i roto i te rangi, matū organic, kakara kino.

"Building Green"

Kua tae mai hoki mau utuafare ki te pūtaiao āhuarangi rawakore, me te kino ki runga ki te ingoa motuhake - "syndrome whare mate". Roto i te rerekē ki a ratou i roto i nga whenua whakawhanakehia whiwhi whakauka pera-ka karanga "whare matomato." riro whānui i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru tenei ia. Kua mohio ngä (kaihoahoa, kaihanga, taiao, tākuta, kamupene rīanga) e taea te kore e whakarongo puku e pā ana ki te raruraru.

mea Kaitätari e te ino i roto i te hauora o noho, te whakaiti i te hua o kaimahi tari, hipokina utu inihua nga painga ka taea o te whakamahi o ngā kaupapa tawhito o te kaihoahoa me ngā rauemi cheap. I roto i te wahi o te DSP, waerau me peita mai rauemi taiao-hoa. tono nga whakaritenga hou ki te mahanga, me te hanga ki te whakarite ventilation pono, me te wuru.

tonu Pātai ki te tirotiro i te āhuarangi roto. Tawhā o tona ino hono ki tau o te whare, me te ino tinana o ngā hanganga kawenga-whanau. Kitea taiepa pereki whakarea whati, e poka ki te kounga o te āhuarangi roto.

A i roto i Russia?

reira atu nga mua ua ake i ētahi atu, e te tikanga "syndrome whare mate". āhuarangi mātanga, i honoa e ki te hanga o te whare utu (rawa pehu mahi i roto i te Soviet Union) kua hangaia te rota o raruraru hapori. tino hiahia te ao hōu whare te whenua. Ki te karo i te raruraru pērā i "syndrome whare mate", e whare te pai ki te noho?

E tano ia tapao e kua ähua kē te mākete Russian ki te au Western. whakaritenga hou whakawhanakehia mō rawa whakaora taiao, me te pūngao. He tauira a Tūrongo, o tenei - whare hou mā te whakamahi i te mau parau tumu o "whare matomato", nei whakaaro matua - ki te whakaiti i te tapeke (i runga i te huringa ora o te whare) ki te pānga kino o te hauora ngā kainoho whare me te taiao. Kei te whakatapua e Kotahi wāhanga o te BREEAM me LEED paerewa mo te whakarōpū o whare i roto i te rohe o "whare matomato" ki noa te kounga roto rangi, me te hauora, me te oranga. Ko te hua matua ki te whakatutuki i te hua e hiahiatia ana - te tono o hangarau hou, me te huarahi i roto i te hanga, tae atu i te whare o rongoā tautoko engineering.

opuaraa

I roto i Russia, ko te "whare matomato" whiwhi whakauka. Ko te kaihoko hoko whare mākete toharite - ko reira te iwi taitamariki i raro i 35 tau, tata te utuafare. Hoki ratou, te meka nui o ratou iho mau fare, e kore e rite ki te utu atu mo te sverhkachestvo ratou ano. e kore e wehi o te syndrome whare mate ratou, ara ka tae mai te reira ki taiao, me te heke mai penapena i roto i te supply pūngao. Engari kia rite ki matau koutou, ki te he āhuatanga ōhanga pai, me te mau titauraa i te kounga o te ora o te tupu taupori he whenua.

moni rahi i roto i "whare matomato" whakaatu pakihi, tautautefito ki he taimi tae mai te reira ki te hanga, pēnei i te pokapū pakihi mo ona ake hiahia. I roto i tenei take, ki te whai wāhi whakaora i runga i te whakahaere ki runga ki te 40% i te wā payback ngā iti i runga i haumi i roto i te taikaha o te pūnaha e hiahiatia ana me hangarau (a tawhio noa 10-12 tau) he kau tino nui mo te investor tupato.