Mōhiohio Basic e pā ana ki Moscow. History o Moscow. Moscow hou

Moscow - Ko tetahi o te nui rawa pa i roto i te ao, he pa i reira ki te maha nga wa whakatau, mate mo te taupori o whenua katoa, me te ara fenua. Kei te titiro mai te reira katoa tau e 4-5 miriona tūruhi ke. A, mo te nuinga o ratou ko te kupu "Russian", "Moscow" me "Kremlin" i roto i te tahi mau tikanga faaauhia, a kahore ratou e tamata i te haere ki tua atu i te haerenga pa tuku iho ki te kite i te wae o te whakapaipai iti-mohiotia a hou, me te ki kia maheni ki tona hītori. Ko te mua o tenei pa he ngā mīharo, me te ngā e tupu i reira i nga ra.

mōhiohio taketake e pā ana ki Moscow

E ai ki te-tau 2014, kua he taupori o 12.108.257 iwi, he Russian 91% o nei Moscow. Kei te pa i te i runga i nga pareparenga o taua te awa, i roto i te wahi pokapū o te Te Tai Rāwhiti Pākehā mania. I te wa ano ko Moscow he pa o auraa e hānga ana, e he tata katoa o nga whekau tino nui o te mana kāwanatanga, i roto i te tua ki te Kooti Ture o te Russian Federation.

Ko te hītori o Moscow

Ahakoa te riro te reira e whakaturia te pa i 1147th tau, kitenga whaipara whakaaro e reira i te iti rawa 1,000 tau. Hoki i reira he take ki te whakapono e nga nga tangata tuatahi o enei wahi vyatichi. Ko te kupu, ko te rā tangohia o hanganga kore e mohiotia Moscow. Te aha e mea Mahuru 6, 2014, te tau i roto i te pane a Russian whakanui te huritau 867th o te pa? Ko te take i roto ngā mōhiohio taketake e pā ana ki Moscou i runga i te rau tau tuatahi o tona oraraa i roto i te rongonui Ipatiev Chronicle. I roto i ngā, ko tenei te wahi e taea e koe te pānui i te lekooti tuatahi o te kainga ki te taua ingoa, kei runga i te pae o te kaihanga rihi huarahi hou. Tenei tohu o te tuhinga tawhito faahiti te hui i roto i te pa o te Moscow Prince Yuri Dolgoruky Svyatoslava Olgovicha, me te ratou hoa i roto i 1147, te tau 'rekereke ki te whakamoemiti a te Atua ", e, kia rite ki nga kairangahau' te ra tātaitanga, te tikanga Rāhoroi 4 Paengawhāwhā.

I tua atu, kua mohiotia ai i nga meatanga e i muri i 9 nga tau tama a Yuriya Dolgorukogo - Andrew Bogolyubskii - whakaturia i runga i Borovitsky pukepuke i te pa rakau iti, i noho te tira rangatira. Huri noa tenei pā, ka anga ki te whakawhanake Moscow. Kei hoki te hītori o te pa mōhiohio e i roto i 1177, te tau tahuna te pa tawhito i te taha o Prince Gleb - te rangatira o Ryazan, a i roto i tona wahi hanga he hou.

Ko te hītori o muri o Moscow

I roto i te rau tau 13 ka te pa te pokapū o te rangatiratanga motuhake ka ora te whakaekenga Horde, whiu urutā, me te te whakaeke tinihanga me te looting o te ope o Khan Tokhtamysh i runga i te 100 tau i muri mai. Ahakoa enei whanaketanga katoa, kei te āta hoko Moscow tetahi o nga pokapū ōhanga, ahurea, karakia, me te tōrangapū tino nui o Russia. Rawa i te rota mo te whanaketanga o te pa i te wa Prince Ivan Kalita me Dmitry Donskoy. I roto i ngā, ngā mōhiohio taketake e pā ana ki Moscow i te whakaatu wā e te tuatahi o ratou i hanga o oki, me te tuarua - Kremlin te-kohatu ma.

Ko te hui nui i muri i roto i te hītori o Moscow timata te karanga Ivana Groznogo Tsar o Moscow ko Russia katoa, me te whakatūnga i reira o te patriarchate i roto i 1589.

Moscow i 17 ki te rau tau 20

Inexpressibly nui haere tūranga i roto i te ora te pa o Russia i roto i nga kingi tuatahi o te whare Romanov, ka ko reira te whakapaipai o te kāwanatanga, e kua he rohe nui. Ko te aha i reira i mua-Petrine Moscow! Ko hoki te hītori o te pa i roto i te rau tau i muri e kore e kowaiwai o ngā ngā. Heoi, i 1712, ka te tau te whakapaipai o St. Petersburg, engari nga piriniha katoa, e kake ana ki te torona o te Russian Empire, tonu ki te kia karaunatia i Moscow. Ano, i roto i 1812 ka te pa he mahanga nui a ahi hoki Napoleon, a ka mau tona whenua.

Moscow i roto i te rau tau 20

I muri i te revolution o 1917, ka whai te pa tona mana rite te whakapaipai, a ka anga ki te huri i te aroaro o to tatou kanohi. I roto i ngā, i roto i Moscow i reira ko raro, i hanga Moscow, timata te whanaketanga kaha o nga wahi o waho ake o mua. I te wa ano, i whakangaromia reira maha urupa o hoahoanga fakalotú, tae atu i te ohu Tapu o te Karaiti te Kaiwhakaora Cathedral, Ekalesia o te whakaaro, me ētahi atu.

Mai te timatanga o tona hanganga "Soviet" Moscow. Ko te hītori o tenei wā, kei roto i te pa i te whārangi fakamamahi e pā ana ki tona korero toa i roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao, ka patu whakahere rau o mano to ratou oraraa kia rite kore ki te hoatu i te hoariri ki te tomo i te whakapaipai tino. Tautautefito hari ko te ra ina te Whero Square rongonui parade Victory Day, i tohua te mutunga o te pakanga tino nanakia i roto i te tuatapaparaa o te taata. Ko te wā pou-pakanga, whakanuia te huritau 800th o Moscow, kōkiri te hanganga o te iho i roto i 1947, i te mea ano e ora tenei ra, a i te 1950 ka puta i roto i te pera-ka karanga "tuahine whitu". I roto i te mau ohipa nui i tangohia e wahi i roto i te pane o te Soviet Union, kia tuhia te reira ano hoki nga Olympics-80, hoki nei kua nga whakaurunga hākinakina hou pa 15 hanga me te hotera taua.

Ko te timatanga o te wā pou-Soviet i roto i te hītori o Moscow

Ka rite ki mohiotia te, hinga te Soviet Union i 1991, a ki runga ki te mahere tōrangapū o te ao puta te Russian Federation, kia rite ki te mea atu kōrero nuitia ki roto i te ao, Russia ranei. ka Moscow te whakapaipai o te kāwanatanga hānga ana ki te rohe tino whānui i roto i te ao, arā, o ngā kaupapa 85. I roto i te 1995, ka whakaaetia te reira i taua tohu e pā ana hou o te whakapaipai Russian rite tona kara, tohu me te waiata.

I mua, whakatangihia te faaho'iraa mai o te Karaiti te Kaiwhakaora i runga i nga mua, me te tahi atu nga temepara fakalotu ngaro i roto i te tutu. Ko te kupu, ka anga te Moscow hou ki te hanga i, e hāngai ana i runga i nga whakarerenga iho o ngā rau tau o mua.

tino nui te whakapaipai whare hoahoanga hou

Mai te tīmatanga i te tau 2000, kua puta ke maha skyscrapers te ahua o te pa i hanga i roto i Moscow. I roto i enei ahanoa tu i roto i te whare o te International Business Centre "Moscow City", e kua kei i runga i te rohe o te rohe katoa o e pā ana ki 100 heketea. I tua atu, i hanga ai, a tikanga atu skyscrapers mō te whare noho me te tari. Ko te kupu, Kei te te Moscow hou āta puta ki te pa, te wahi whare tiketike-ara, pourewa o te karaihe, me te raima he kore he rarity. Heoi, kei te te tahi mau taime "tupu ake" taua hanganga i roto i te wāhi hītori, me te pahua i to ratou ahua, pera kahore i roto i te au i te whenua tāone e karapoti ana. Aua'e, i roto i te 2008, he tikanga hanga i huaina "whanaketanga infill", i rāhuitia.

urupa New o te whakapaipai

I roto i te rua wae tekau tau te tuarā whakamutunga whakakiia Moscow maha urupa hou, me te turobektov. Hei tauira, ko reira ngā whakairo "tamariki - patunga o mau peu pakeke". Hoki manuhiri o te pa he utu kitenga whakaahua whakairo o nga marohirohi o nga kōrero e Conan Doyle, te pou Nikulin, puna "Pushkin ko Natalie", Luzhkov Bridge. A, o te akoranga, e kore ki te whakahua i te tohu nui ki a Pita te nui,, ahakoa taupatupatu whakaaro e pā ana ki tona uara toi, hei nei kua tetahi o nga wae hou tino mōhiotia o te whakapaipai. I tua atu, kia tino kite koe i te pou ki te marohirohi o Pakanga o te Ao e ahau, whakapumautia i roto i 2014.

I roto i tenei tuhinga, kua ka koe nga taketake o Moscow, tona hītori me wae hou. He whakakake o Russia tenei pa. E tika ana kia katoa tino ki te kite ki o ratou kanohi ake.