Poari Alexander 1

Kingitanga o Alexander 1 i runga i te tau nō mo te katoa o pakanga Europe Napoleon o. "Alexander" whakamaoritia ko rite te "toa", me kua tino tika ai te kingi tona ingoa whakakake i hoatu e ia tona tupuna karaunatia Catherine II.

I roto i te torutoru noa marama, te marama o te heke mai te emepera Alexander i St Petersburg noa ko reira te waipuke tino kino o te rau tau 18. whakatika te wai i runga e toru mita. ko na nui mataku e wehi ia whakatupuranga preterm katoa whaea o Alexander, te wahine o Hiha Paora Petrovich, engari kahore i tupu. kite 1 Alexander ia tenei waipuke o 1777 te tohu e i hoatu ki a ia i runga i te aroaro o whanau.

Mātauranga o te kainga ki te pai wāhi i roto i tona kuia, Catherine II. tangohia ia ake tona ake kaiako mokopuna aroha, tuhituhi ia tohutohu motuhake i roto i tetahi ara e tika ana ki te whakahaere i te mātauranga me te whakangungu. Emperor papa o Arehanera, Paora 1, rapu hoki ki te whakaara tana tama i runga i ona tikanga tino ka ui haapa'o maite. Tenei fakafepaki o tona papa, me te kuia i waiho te ōhakitia e ngaropoina ana i runga i te huru o te taitamariki Alexander. I pinepine ia i te mate - ia nei i whakarongo, me pehea ki te whakahihi. Ua haapii tenei āhuatanga i te kingi i mua nei ki te wehe me te muna.

Ko te pikitanga ki te torona o Alexander 1, e tika ana ki te ngā peapea i roto i te whare. Tona papa, a Paora 1, i notia i te whakatakotoria ana, o nei i mōhio Alexander. Otiia, ka kawea mai te rongo o te mate o tona papa, Alexander tata ki te pouri. He torutoru nga ra i muri mai, e kore ia i ahei te haere mai ki te ora, me te whakarongo ki puta noa i te he,. timata kingitanga o Alexander 1 i roto i te 1801, ka ko ia 24 tau. ka tukua e te okiokinga o tona ora te emepera oto me i katoa o whakapawera o te ora ki te kite i whiu mo Tuhinga i roto i te kohuru o Paora 1.

Ko te timatanga o te kingitanga o Alexander 1 tohua te whakakāhoretanga o te ture tawhito me te ture e kua whakaurua i te wa, a Paora. hoki nga rangatira katoa i tika whakama me taitara. tukua i nga tohunga i whiu kāpara, i tutakina Secret Office me te ope Secret, anō te mahi o te pōtitanga o ngā māngai o te rangatira.

Alexander 1 ara ka mau tiaki o te tango o here i roto i te kakahu i i whakaurua i raro i Paora 1. Soldiers o te tauturu ara wigs ma ki makawe me rarangi ture e taea ano ki te kakahu whakapai, koti me pōtae a tawhio.

āta tonoa atu te kingi e whakatakotoria i te whare: ko etahi i roto i Siberia, etahi o te Caucasus.

timata kingitanga o Alexander 1 ki te whakahounga āhua-ohaoha, tauira o nei whakawhanakehia te Hiha ia me ana hoa taitamariki: Prince Kochubei Novosiltsev Count, Count Stroganov. "Komiti o Safety Public," i huaina e ratou o ratou mahi. E piá 'me kaihokohoko whakaaetia i ki te farii i whenua e nohoia, ka uakina e Tsarskoye selo Lyceum, whakaturia nga whare wānanga i roto i nga pa rerekē o Russia.

kaiāwhina tata a Alexander mai 1808 riro State Hekeretari Speransky, ko wai i hoki he kaitautoko o whakahounga kāwanatanga kaha. I roto i te taua tau i whakaritea i te Hiha Minita o War AA Arakcheev, he akonga o mua o Paora 1. whakapono ia e Arakcheev "mateaki kahore whakapati", na whakawhirinaki ia ki te hoatu whakahau i hoatu e ia ki te aroaro o.

Kingitanga o Alexander 1 kore kua tonu i fefeka reformist, na ara i te kaupapa kua whakahounga kāwanatanga Speransky whakatinana te nuinga "haumaru" tūemi anake. te tuutuu ore Motuhake me te ōrite o te emepera kihai i whakaatu.

I roto i te kaupapa here ke, te pikitia kotahi. hainatia Russia tiriti te rongo tika ki Ingarangi ko France, e ngana ana ki te parepare i waenganui i nga whenua e rua. Heoi, i roto i te 1805, Alexander 1 i takoha ki te uru atu te whakakotahitanga ki France, rite ko te tīmatanga riri motuhake o pōpula e Napoleon te katoa o Europe. Ko taua tau, i te ope Allied (Austria, Russia me Prussia) tukua he hinga kuru i Austerlitz ko Friedland, i arahina ki te hainatanga o te rangimarie o Tilsit ki Napoleon.

Otiia ko te tino he pakarukaru tenei ao, me te mua o Russia tūmanakohia whawhai o 1812, he ahi kino o Moscow me te whawhai ra nui tino nui o Borodino. Kua peia nga French i Russia, me te ope Russian hari puritia e whenua Pākehā ki te Paris. Alexander 1 I faataahia ki riro te kaiwhakaora me ki te arahi i te whakakotahitanga o nga whenua Pākehā ki France.

ka kōmata o Rongonui Alexander tona urunga ki te ope i roto i Paris riro. noho Local, te tino e kore e kia tahuna ratou pa ki te ngākau, me te umere oha nga hōia Russian. Na reira, ko te kingitanga o Alexander 1, pāhono maha iwi reira ki te wikitoria nō runga Napoleon i te whawhai o te 1812.

Ka mahi ki a Bonaparte, mutu te Hiha nga hanganga ohaoha i roto i tona whenua. i nekehia atu Speransky i pou katoa ka tonoa i te whakarau i roto i Nizhny Novgorod. whakaaetia ano kaiwhakarēti ki takirihia serfs whakaraua ki Siberia kahore tamataraa. Kua whakaurua e te whare wānanga ki te whakawhāiti i to ratou mana motuhake.

I te wa ano, a i roto i St Petersburg, a Moscow timata ki te whakawhanake kaha te whakahaere karakia-pūngāwerewere. ruma Masonic, e kua rāhuitia Catherine II, ka haere mai ano ki te ora. Kua tomo kingitanga o Alexander 1 ki te rut o haratau me te mysticism.

ka hoatu e heamana o te Hinota o St Petersburg nga mema o Patereareha me Hinota whakaritea e te kingi ia. Mana aru Hinota mahi te tino kaiwhiu, tetahi o Alexander 1, Prince Golitsyn. I roto i te 1817 ahu ano e ia te Tāhuhu o Religious Affairs, whakapumautia e te ture o te emepera. Kakara hapori āta tonu te mysticism nui katoa me te faateiteiraa fakalotu. Maha seances, kua hanga Bible Society, whare hahi ki ngā karakia ke te wairua o te titorehanga, me tū he riri nui ki nga turanga o te Siu Tuí.

Na reira, whakaaturia whawhai i runga i mysticism te Ekalesia. arahina e ia i te kaupapa moke Photius. aru tata ia te whakaminenga o nga mystics, he aha ngā pukapuka hua he aha te tauākī e haere mai i roto i o ratou taiao ratou. kanga nuitia kaimahi ia, tahuna ratou whakaputanga. Ko te Minita o War Arakcheyev tautoko te minita Siu i tenei whawhai, na te katoa pēhanga Golitsyn i ki rihaina. Otiia i hanga nga tavevo o mysticism pūmau hoki te wa roa ua ratou i roto i te hapori nui Russian.

Ko te tino taua Alexander 1 i roto i nga tau 20 o te rau tau 19 piki timata ki te haere ki monasteries ka korero o tona hiahia ki te abdicate. Tetahi muhu'i o rauhanga me hapori ngaro e kore e pa ki reira i muri. ngā katoa maharatia e ia kia rite ki te whiu mo te mate o tona papa, me mo ana take e Awatere. Te hinaaro ia ki te mutu, me te horo'ai te ora i mua nei o te whakamarie.

1zavershilos Poari Alexander i 1825 - kia rite ki te tuhinga mate ia i roto i Taganrog, te wahi i haere ai ia ki tona wahine ki te hamani. oho Emperor ki St Petersburg i roto i te kawhena kati. ka mea a kanohi e puta ke rawa nui te mata o te reira. E ai ki nga hau, i te wa ano i roto i Taganrog, ka mate ia karere, tino rite i roto i te ahua ki a Alexander. Noa nei, e rave rahi te iwi whakapono i whakamahia te Hiha te take ki te waiho i te torona, me te haere pohehe. Ka rite ki reira ranei e kore e - te meka hītori runga i tenei wāhi.

Ka taea te whakarapopototia nga hua o te kingitanga o Alexander 1 e whai ake: ko reira tikanga tino maiorooro, i timata i whakakapi i te haratau mārō whakahounga ohaoha. I te wa ano, Alexander 1 tomo ake te hītori rite te liberator te katoa o Europa o Russia me. I wehi ia, ka whakamoemiti, whakamoemititia a whakamoemiti, engari kihai i pai hinengaro ake kia okioki ia ake ake.