Momo Whero steppe o kau: āhuatanga, whakaahua, rawa o tupuranga

Whero koraha kau momo miraka tautuhi aronga e rite ki tetahi o te pai i roto i te mua Soviet Union. Kei te tino taunga Pets ki te āhuarangi maroke o te rohe steppe. Ka rite ki te maha o te kararehe momo i roto i te ao, me te hauwhā tuarua i roto i te rohe o Ukraine a Russia. Kau o tenei momo e taea te kitea i roto i Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Peraruhia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, te Caucasus.

kōrero

rā hoki ki te rau tau 18 hītori Breeding ano. Ahakoa ki nga steppes nui nui whangai kararehe kia tino maia, engari ki te hua iti. Fakasiokālafi - Ko te rohe tonga o Ukraine, atu ïa, te rohe Zaporozhye. Ko reira tohu e whanau tenei momo i runga i nga pareparenga o awa o te waiu.

Hei whakanui i te e loto e hiahiatia ana maka-toto kararehe whai purapura tiketike. kau Whero steppe momo (whakaahua i roto i te kuputuhi) he take i tautohetia. He loto i roto i te kotahi anake Tohunga - i roto i te hanga whai wāhi kararehe ecdemic. He maha ngā ariā e pā ana ki te takenga:

• I tono tikanga, me te wāhanga rahi ripeka uri nui momo Ukrainian me whanariki (e rua rohe) ki kararehe Tiamana whero;
• Ko te momo Māori rohe, i hanga e 150 tau ki muri, ka Nō "kolonistskoy whero" ranei "Whero German", te ingoa i riro ia i tona - te rangatira o Pākehā Tiamana;
• Ko reira he ripeka i waenganui i te kararehe Swiss me Franconian;
• Ko reira he ripeka i waenganui i te tahi atu kararehe - me tronderskoy angelnskoy;
• he matatini interbreeding rohe kararehe Ukrainian hina ki ostfrizslyandskoy whero mua, a ka tetahi ki angelnskoy, vilstermarshskoy me etahi atu ahu Pākehā.

Ko te hua rautau 19 ki te timatanga o te ngohi feunga diluted taupori ōrite "te". rēhita momo i roto i 1923, ka anga te reira kia tupu i roto i nga pāmu tupuranga o te USSR mua. Whero momo steppe o kararehe i roto i katatānga, Ukraine, Russia, Peraruhia, e kore e te maha o te kararehe hinga i raro wahi tuatoru.

tupuranga

Creation me te whanaketanga atu o ahu o te mahi pakeke. Kei te tühonohono te reira ki te whanaketanga pāpori-ōhanga o te kāwanatanga, ka takaro te tūranga hītori nui. He kahore okotahi me kararehe steppe whero momo. Rawa hua i te wāhanga tuatahi i rite whai:

• i tīpakohia mō te waiu, production;
• āta tīpakohia kararehe i runga i te papa whenua ture;
• i muri i te whanautanga o kuao tangohia atu tonu me nga kau razdaivali waho te koati;
• i fakapapau'i o te hononga tata i waenganui i hua, me te take ngā tāngata whai (i whakaaro ai e hoatu e te kau tae whero me te whero-parauri e loto nui), ka tīpakohia kau, me te ara i runga i tenei kaupapa.

kua te hua o te roa (neke atu i te 100 tau) te tīpako i te tetahi tikanga āhuarangi kua te rōpū momo hanga steppe kau i maia miraka take whero ki te waho āhuatanga me te hua ngā tiketike.

Mass tukanga miraka mechanization hiahiatia ki te whakapai ake i kararehe rite ki nga paearu o te āhua ū me te whakapiki ake i tukua waiu. I roto i te 60raa o te kau steppe whero rautau rua tekau i hipoki puru Angler. E kore te mea kōpeka te kōwhiringa o ēnei kararehe:

• Tuatahi, ko te kamaka i iranga whānau;
• tuarua, i te momo rite o pākia;
• a tuatoru, whai ratou te ahunga taua o hua;
• i roto i te tuawha, takitahi Angler i te waiu nui, he ōrau nui o te ihirangi ngako i roto i te waiu, atu taimaha tinana, me tino nui - pai taunga ki te miraka mīhini.

I roto i te heke mai, kawea toto maka-Danish toka. I roto i hybrids toru-tuatapaparaa tupuna o te 90 hoatu e loto o ake mano rita o te waiu ki wha me te hawhe ki te ihirangi ngako o 3,82%. Ehara i te tūnga whakamutunga i roto i te hanganga o te ahua o tenei ra o te kararehe takaro Holsteins. Kua mahue ia momo tona tohu:

• kararehe steppe Whero - manawanui me te urutau ki te tikanga o te mau herehere;
• Angler - urutau o te ū me te ōrau nui o te ihirangi ngako;
• "Danes" - te whakamahi roa-tu, me e loto tiketike;
• Holsteins - he taimaha tinana nui, urutau ake āhua ū ki te miraka mīhini.

āhuatanga

Ki te rā, ko nga kararehe i roto i te pai i roto i Ukraine, Russia me Kazakhstan. He aha te mea te kau momo Whero koraha? āhuatanga:

• muia i roto i te mau tenetere 18-19 i roto i te Ukraine;
• momo hua - waiu;
• He tinana maroke, kaupapa ture kaha;
• puru ora taimaha - 900 kg, kau - 400-500 kg;
• taimaha o kuao ia i whanau: kau - 27-30 kg, puru - 35-40 kg;
• tukua toharite o te kamaka - 3 500-4 000 kg (Plemreproductor - 4 500-6 000 kg), ki te ihirangi ngako o 3.5%;
• whakamahi ōhanga - 4,74 hohipera;
• tae pīpī tau tupuranga ki 18 marama, ki te taimaha o 320-350 kg ora.

hua

whakaaro kararehe momo Whero koraha hoki tukua te waiu te pai. ahu mai te reira i toharite awhe tukua waiu i 3500 ki te 4000 kg o te waiu. Hua pāmu i reiti teitei: he tika taua mea i runga i te toharite i 4000 ki 5000 kg, rekordistki ahei o hoatu ki runga ki te tekau ma rua mano rita o te waiu, ka taea e te ihirangi ngako kia ki runga ki te 5%.

Huaina whakawhirinaki i runga i te kounga o wahi kai, me te roanga o te wa kai. Ko te hua pai taea ki te whakatutuki i roto i te rohe steppe. Pets mōmona hoki tau e toru e te wahine kotahi e taea te tiki e wha uri. Te whati i waenganui i wa ko te iti ake atu i te tau (380 ra). Kia kore ai te keu i kau 40 ki te 60 nga ra.

He iti te kounga Meat o te momo, e kore e tukua te parekura nui 50%. A, no te ngā tukua kai nui haere nga kuao kau taupū tetere, engari rawa paku. kararehe kōhiwi Kōmāmā, me uaua hei painga whakawhanakehia. e kore te mea öhanga pai ki te tupu kai o kau.

waho

He kau steppe momo whero angamaheni āhuatanga waho āhuatanga o kararehe miraka kau. Whakaahuatanga o waho:

• kua maroke teitei - 127-132 cm;
• pouaka porowhita -183-190 cm;
• roa matahao - 154-160 cm;
• wheua kapu - 18-19 cm;
• tae i te whero marama ki here pouri, he whakaaetia tohu ma;
• He underdeveloped uaua;
• tinana koki, elongated;
• kaki maroke, kuiti;
• upoko marama, paku elongated;
• He roa, me te maheni te hoki;
• waewae kaha, maroke;
• pouaka kuiti, hohonu;
• ū reo-rahi glandular.

tiaki

Whero koraha kau momo he ruggedness rerekē me te urutaunga tere ki ngā āhuatanga taiao. Pets:

• wā Tau. Ko te kōwhiringa pai - karaihe noa i roto i nga wahi tarutaru. Wāhi - i roto i te 2 kiromita i te pāmu. E rite rawa ana ratou ki matotoru, me te taurite. E mea pinepine te mahi he puni raumati, ki nga ngā miraka.
• wā Winter-turanga kau. E puritia Animals i roto i whare witi stanchion whare wewete ranei. Me ū Here ki zoogigieny.
• Kai. Ko te wahi kai e hiahiatia ana kia kite ki reira e nga kararehe i makona i te kai, ki te tika, whangai kai pakiaka, me te kararehe kai. Winter pūtake raa - tarutaru, kua tāpiri kai, te kakau witi e whakamahia ana i roto i te matie (kaua e neke atu i te 25% o te kai), pakiaka, a tika ngā tāpiringa kohuke kai rite reka.
• Prevention o mate. Vaccination ki ngā mate hopuhopu.
• Tiaki. Wā nekehia huruhuru kararehe poke, i nga ū miraka ata horoi i mua i mahi wā karaihe haona tapahi me paua.

āhuatanga

Ko nga kararehe o tenei momo, me te ki i roto i farmsteads whaiaro i roto i te wāhi Soviet mua. Ko reira rawa rongonui i roto i nga rohe steppe o Ukraine a Kazakhstan i te Altai, tonga Russia. kau momo Whero steppe (arotake o te tangata e whakarongo ki reira) te tino maia me pai taunga ki rerekē ngā takiwā makariri. Haumaru aro ki te raumati maroke me te rangi wera.

haapapu i te āhuatanga o te momo:

• wātea i te mate kaha whakaora kararehe i te whiu o te pāmu miraka kau - kanisā;
• kumanu, tere;
• tapatahi o te ihirangi;
• manawanui pai;
• aro pai i te whakapai ake whare me te kai;
• kai tiketike, me te reka o te waiu.

Mai i nga ingoa o tawhito, ngā tenei ra i roto i te kamaka, ka taea e koe te whakawa i te tohu o te rongonui o te momo: Ukrainian Kuban, Kazakh, Te Hau-ā-uru Siberian, kulundayskoe (Altai).

pūkete

I roto i te kau tekau-rekordistok he torutoru noa i rēhita whakamutunga-rau hawhe ki te tohu:

• ia hohipera i runga i 10 000 kg -14 whāinga;
• 9000-9999 kg ia hohipera - 32 upoko.

Ko e kore iti iho i te 3,69% Milk ihirangi ngako. Ko te nuinga o nga otaota kararehe tupuranga tupu i roto i Ukraine ko katatānga. Ehara i nohinohi te hoki whare taua kau o nga kau kutete e tukua taumata o 6000 kg. Whero kau steppe momo whakamanamana rekordistkami mīharo:

• Storm 6070:

- tukua - 10 170 kg;

- ihirangi ngako - 4.0%;

- Agriculture - pāmu "toa Proletarian", te rohe Zaporozhye, Ukraine.

• Murashka 8890:

- tukua - 10 497 kg;

- ihirangi ngako - 4,05%;

- Agriculture - Plant whakawhānau. Kirov, Kherson rohe, Ukraine.

• Taupānga 1910

- tukua - 11 ki te 100 kg;

- ihirangi ngako - 4,02%;

- pāmu - tupuranga tipu "Te Tai Tokerau-Lubinsky", Omsk Region, Russia.

• Cloudberries 201:

- tukua -12.426 kg;

- ihirangi ngako - 3,82%;

- Agriculture - Plant tupuranga "Karaganda", Karaganda rohe, Kazakhstan.