Moni herekore Universal i roto i whenua EU ko Russia

moni herekore Ko te ahua o te pūnaha haumaru pāpori, i roto i nei riro wā tangata katoa me noho o te whenua etahi moni i te kāwanatanga ranei i tetahi atu whakahaere tūmatanui i roto i tua ki te taea o moni. Ki te pera whakaratohia e te tikanga o te iti iho i te taumata oranga iti, kua whakaaro te reira te kanohi. moni herekore Ko te wāhanga matua o te maha tauira o te hapori mākete. tu tatou tatarahapa ariā Filipp Van Parijs, Eylsa Makkey, André Gorz, Gillel Shtayner, Pita Vallentyne ko Guy Standing.

pakiaka hītori

timata te kōrero e pā ana ki te hiahia mo te whakataki o te moni herekore ao i roto i Europa i roto i te o 1970-1980. Ko tetahi wahi e tika ana ki te tautohetohe i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite, me Canada. Ko te take āta tīmata ki te kia kōrero i roto i whenua whakawhanakehia katoa, Latin America, te Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti, a tae noa i roto i te tahi mau whenua i roto i Awherika, a Ahia. whakaaro Fund Permanent Alaska te tetahi o nga tauira pai o te utu herekore o moni, ahakoa te kanohi. pūnaha rite o te haumaru pāpori tīariari i roto i Brazil, Macau ko Iran. whakatinana kaupapa moni pailate Basic i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite, me Canada i roto i nga 1960 me 1970, Namibia (2008) me te i roto i India (mai 2010). I roto i Europe, i reira he rongoā tōrangapū ki te tamata ki te whakatinana ratou i France, te Netherlands me Finland. I roto i te 2016 i roto i te Switzerland tū te tāpaetanga i runga i te take, engari 77% o te iwi pōti ki te whakataki o te moni herekore.

puna o te pūtea

A, no te Milton Friedman me ētahi atu economists tuatahi whakaarohia tāke tōraro moni, i whakapono ai e e whakaiti i te pūnaha hautanga taero, me te pae hopea arahi ki te putanga o te moni whai hoki nga noho. Kaiwhakahau o tenei ariā taunaki "matomato", etahi te mua, Feminists me rōpū pirate pera-ka karanga. whakaekea Māngai o te kura ōhanga ngā ki te moni i te kaupapa i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē. whakapono nga te mua e whakarite taea ao moni herekore kia tutuki i roto i te mana tūmatanui o nga tikanga o te whakanao me ngā rauemi māori. "Ture", hei tauira, i whakapono Friedman e hiahia anake ki te tomo i te pūnaha tāke hautanga. patua ana Green ake ara. whakapono ratou e taea te pütea i te moni mutunga i te utu o takoha taiao. I roto i te rerekē puna o moni herekore mo te katoa i taea e huaina pūnaha ahu whakamua o Takahanga, me whakahou moni.

hōtaka whakamätau

Ko te tauira angitu te nuinga o te meka e taea te whakaurua i te iti rawa i te moni herekore kanohi, ko te Fund Permanent Alaska. Waihoki mahi pūnaha Bolsa Familia mō mau utuafare rawakore i roto i Brazil. ngā Ētahi atu hōtaka kaiurungi:

• Ngā ki tāke whiwhinga kino i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite, me Canada i roto i nga 1960 me 1970.
• Ko te kaupapa i roto i te Namibia i timata i roto i te 2008.
• Whakamātautau i roto i Brazil mai 2008.
• kaupapa Indian, i timata i roto i te 2011.
• Homai Tino kaupapa i roto i Kenya ko Uganda. Ko tā te reira i te tuku āwhina aroha mā waea pūkoro ki te iwi e noho ana i roto i te tino rawakore.
• He ako i roto i ngā wāhi tuawhenua o Te Tai Tokerau Carolina i te United States.

I roto i Germany, whai wāhi te kaupapa 26 iwi, ia o nei utu te kāwanatanga 1,000 euros ia marama. Mai i 2017 ki te 2019, nga noho i roto i Finland ano ka utua te nui etahi o te moni hei wāhanga o te whakamātau.

Bulgaria

I te mutunga o Maehe 2013 ako Fund te Blue Bird Foundation e pā ana ki te "kaupapa o nga tangata Pākehā mo te moni herekore" ka faaoti ki uru te pakanga. whakaarohia Tony Badzhdarov he tauira whānui mō te Bulgaria. Source o pūtea hoki e mahi i te reira rite te moni Ariki, te hokinga mai o te takahanga me te Ekisia ohipa. Kua hanga e te kapa ona ake pae me ngā whārangi i runga i whatunga pāpori. pānuitia te pakanga i runga i irirangi motu, me te i roto i te arā raro. whakahaere Pūtea ki te tiki i te tautoko o te maha rōpū me ngā uniana hokohoko. he tokomaha lekooti o iwi kaupapa i roto i te pōti ipurangi tautoko. I roto i te Hakihea 2014 i reira ko te rōpū tōrangapū tuatahi, i ngā te whakataki o te moni herekore i roto i tona hōtaka. E kīia ana "Union Bulgarian mō te manapori hāngai" me te whawhai mo te tika o te tangata katoa ki te ora tura.

United Basileia

I roto i te UK, he moni taketake herekore mo nga tangata - kua roa kua reira he kaupapa mō te kōrero. kua mahi hoki reira Dennis Milner i te 1920. I teie mahana, te nuinga o nga rōpū tōrangapū te Basileia United ranei e kore e whakaaro ki tenei whakaaro, totohe reira ranei. Heoi, i reira he kaiwhakahau o te moni herekore. "Scottish Party National" i te amuiraa i roto i te puna o 2016 ka karanga mo te whakakapinga o te pūnaha haumaru pāpori tīariari. "No te" I hanga me etahi o te tahi atu rōpū tōrangapū. I roto ia ratou e "matomato", te te mua Kotimana me "kaitiora" o te Basileia United. I roto i te Hui-tanguru 2016 ka mea a Dzhon Makdonnell e whakaaro te whakataki o te moni taketake te te Rōpū Reipa.

Germany

Germany hoki mai te timatanga o nga 1980, whakaaro e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te whakauru i te moni herekore. kua tata anake timata Germany ki te whakatinana i te kaupapa, i roto i nei whai wāhi 26 iwi. Neke atu i te nga tau mo te whakataki o te moni mutunga i roto i te whenua ko te torutoru noa pūtaiao, pērā i Claus Offe. Heoi, i muri i te whakahounga whakaarohia e te rūnanga Gerharda Shredera i te tau 2003-2005, i Germany reira e atu kaitautoko o tenei ariā. I te hui 2009th o te Paremata mahi i runga i te Suzanne Vayst - he housewife, he pitihana i riro 52973 pōti. I roto i te 2010, haere Germany he torutoru whakaaturanga o moni pūmau, te nui rawa - i roto i Berlin. Mai 2011 te "mo" te timatanga o te mahi, "Party Pirate". tautoko hoki ngā mema takitahi o te tahi atu rōpū tōrangapū te ariā o te moni mutunga.

Netherlands

moni herekore kaha tautohetohe i 1970 ki te 1990. I te tīmatanga, i tīmataria kōrero e te ohanga Leo Yansenom i 1975. ngā te whakataki o te moni mutunga i roto i te hōtaka pōti o te tuwhena Political Party. I roto i te 10 tau o mua, i whakaarahia te pātai kotahi anake. I roto i te 2006, kua whakaurua te rangatira o te "matomato" Femke Halsema te whakataki o te moni herekore i roto i tona hōtaka pōtitanga. Ko te pa o Utrecht, te taupori tuawha nui rawa i roto i te whenua, whakarewahia he kaupapa paerata. Heoi, kia utua te moni tino anake ki ngā rōpū o te iwi nei e te whiwhi kē hua. Mō 30 pa tēnei wā hoki whakaaro te pea o te whakatinana i te kaupapa taua.

Finland moni herekore

"Center", tetahi o nga rōpū tōrangapū matua e wha i roto i te whenua, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te "Alliance Mauī" me "Green League", i roto i te manakohia o te whakataki o tenei ariā. I roto i te Mei 2015, te tau tuatahi faaoti te kāwanatanga ki te whakauru i te moni herekore. Finland ka waiho te whenua tuatahi i roto i nei e riro katoa hoki e rua nga tau i te moni o te moni mai i 2017.

France

whakaaro He moni taketake herekore te rite te ariā i te tau 1970. Heoi, anake i roto i 2015 pōti te pāremata rohe o Aquitaine mo tona whakatamarikitanga. I roto i te Hānuere 2016 whakaputaina he tinana whakawhiti tūmatanui i runga i ngā take mamati he pūrongo i roto i nei tūtohutia reira ki te whakahaere i te whakamātau. whakakitea te pane e ko i manakohia o te utu o te moni taketake herekore mō tangata katoa te nuinga o te taupori.

Switzerland: Tāpaetanga

Kua roa He moni taketake herekore i kōrero i roto i te whenua. Switzerland kua he rōpū bien-Switzerland me te rōpū Grundeinkommen, kei roto i te manakohia o te whakatinana i tenei ariā. I roto i te 2006, ka karanga moni herekore i roto i Switzerland, tetahi o nga whakaaro tino ahu whakamua sociologist Zhan Zigler. I te tau 2008 i hanga a Raniera Hani me Enno Schmidt he kiriata i roto i i tamata ai ia ki te whakamārama i te hua o te whakatinanatanga o tenei ariā. titiro te reira i neke atu i te 400 mano iwi. Te nuinga whakawhetai ki a ia ake ara iwi i roto i te German- me whenua Wīwī-korero kua meinga kaitautoko o te whakaaro. I roto i te April 2012, ko te moni tino i roto i Switzerland te kaupapa o te kaupapa ā-ture rongonui. whakahaere Campaign ki te kohikohi i te tika 126.000 hainatanga. He tāpaetanga i roto i Switzerland i runga i te moni herekore tū i roto i te Pipiri 5, 2016. Neke atu i te 77% o noho i pai ki te farii i te 2,500 pümautanga i te marama.

Russia

patua te rongo e te Swiss i pai ki te tango moni noa maha noho o te Russian. Tonu ka whakatika te pātai mehemea he taea te moni tino i roto i Russia? I roto i te āhuatanga o te pūnaha taua o haumaru pāpori ko kore anake te hua i roto i te pikaunga tāke i runga i nga tangata o te whenua, me te whakaiti o te hihiri ki te mahi, engari ano hoki i te tipu haere te maha o ngā manene. kua whakaarohia Huiterangi te whakataki o te moni herekore o 2,500 pümautanga, ko e pā ana ki te hawhe te utu toharite. Ki te whakamahi koe i tenei tikanga tātaitanga mō te Russia, i konei e te mea e pā ana ki 10,000 moni. Mai Hōngongoi 1, ka hei te utu iti 7500 anake, ko ara raro te utu o te ora. Na reira, i reira e maha te hunga e hiahia ana ki te "noho i te whare". E ai ki ngā tohunga, te whakataki o te moni herekore i roto i Russia taea anake whakaongaonga pikinga, no te mea e kore e e whaiaro nga utu, me te hāngai ki te taupori tino whakaraerae. Heoi, i reira he tetahi wāhi o te tirohanga. Ētahi tohunga whakapono e te whakataki o te moni herekore e tukua te iwi ki te mahi i te mea ko to ratou karangatanga. A ka taea e whai i te reira i te pānga pai nui i roto i te wā roa. Pea ka tīmata iwi ki te mahi i te rangahau atu taketake. A ka tatari Russia mo tere huringa hangarau. Ranei e taea e moni herekore tauturu i te iwi mahi i mahi atu auaha. Ko te kupu, he mea tika ki te whakahaere i te whakamātau i roto i Russia i roto i te rōpū pa ūnga ranei kotahi.

faaino

German Paremata, kōrero te Kōmihana te whakataki o te moni ao, me te herekore whakaaro kaupapa kāore e whaihua. hoatu te reira i mua i te tautohetohe e whai ake nei:

• Ka meinga e ia he whakaiti nui i roto i te hihiri ki te mahi i roto i tangata noa, e, i roto i te tahuri, arahi i te mau hopearaa ohorere ki te ōhanga.
• E ti'a ia tatou ki te whakaoti i te hanganga o te taake, haumaru pāpori me te penihana moni, e ka arahi ki ngā utu nui.
• He whai hua atu te pūnaha German nāianei no te mea te reira atu whaiaro. E kore te te nui o āwhina whakaturia mau a tei runga i te tūranga pūtea o te tangata. Hoki te tahi mau rōpū whakaraerae kore ai e nui ki te ora moni mutunga.
• Whakatinanatanga o tenei kaupapa ka arahi ki te tomonga nui o manene.
• Ka pau ia roha o te ōhanga atarangi.
• Ko te hua ōrite i roto i te takoha ka arahi ki te kore ōritenga nui e tika ana ki te peke i roto i utu mō ngā kai taketake e ka kē i te tūnga pūtea o te iwi rawakore.
• I roto i Germany kahore i kitea te ara ka taea ki te moni i te whakataki o te moni herekore ao.

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, Germany me maha atu whenua, tae atu Russia, tonu tuwhera te pātai.