Nereditsa Ekalesia. Ekalesia o te Faaora i runga Nereditsa

Ilya Glazunov kua he peita ataahua i huaina "Ariki Novgorod te nui." Temepara, e whakaaturia i runga taua mea, i ona wāhi, te mara a tawhio noa, he tino rite Nereditsa Ekalesia. No miharo, kua tū reira ano tata Novgorod, ka horahia a tawhio noa rite i roto i te pikitia Volkhov Marehekepa.

Rurik - te rangatira Russian tuatahi

I roto i Russia, kua tonu nga mau hiero i hanga ki runga ki te wahi teitei - tata ki te Atua. I roto i te takiwa i te kiri teitei - Nereditsa. I reira, a reira ko te whare o te Faahuru. i oti rawa ia e rua nga tama mate, Yaroslav. Ētahi hītori whakapono e wareware i te kārangaranga "Poto" ki te tāpiri "nanakia." Kaua e whai maihao nui ki te tatau i te tokomaha o ngā tamariki i roto i ia o te tikanga i roto i Russia Rurik. Na te tama Yuriya Dolgorukogo, tapaina a Vsevolod, e tika ana ki te maha o nga wahine me ngā tamariki i "Nest Big". mate rangatira, a i roto i to ratou teina ora haere ki te whawhai ki te teina, te tama ki te papa, papa ki te tama. Ko te hunga tapu tuatahi Russian - Boris ko Gleb, Yaroslava Mudrogo teina ko Svyatopolk, e ko te putanga mōhiohio patua ratou, hoki i riro ia te ingoa "kanga." Kei te whakapono te reira ki te kua hinga i te ringa o Yaroslav. Heoi, i kanga tetahi wahi ki a ratou Nereditsa Ekalesia, a no te mea te whare toa peita ahurei, me te anga te hunga tapu Russian tuatahi.

Place temepara

Hiero i whakaturia tata te noho o Yaroslav, e toru kiromita i Novgorod. hoatu e ia tona temepara tata nga pourewa i runga i te rohe o te whakataunga. Na tenei wahi ko te tohu whaipara, e mohiotia ana ko te "puranga Rurik," me te wahi o te kainga tupu hītori o te rārangi ui "Ko e Novgorod nui", tiakina e UNESCO. Ohu, kei huri noa te muri o te Faahuru Nereditsa iti, i te ingoa "Faaora i runga i te puranga." I roto i Novgorod i te wā o te kingitanga o Yaroslav whakahaeretia te whare hahi hohe. Rerekē te rota o St. Sophia Cathedral i te mutunga o XII me te tīmatanga o te rau tau XIII te kaha hanga hahi rahi iti. Kei te hahi i runga i nga pareparenga o te awa Spasskaya. Past te hahi ka mau te ara ki Moscow. Whakaturia i roto i te kotahi te raumati i 1198 Nereditsa Ekalesia te whare whakamutunga o Yaroslav runga i tenei whenua. Novgorod peia ia. Otiia ko reira te rangatira whakamutunga, me te hanga i roto i te whānui - ka Novgorod te pa noa.

Here whakapūmau i te taketake

I tahaki, he hahi iti, i te whakaputa i tētahi mana'o faahiahia. Ia, rawa, he wahi o te kainga tupu hītori o "Te Novgorod nui", me ētahi atu hahi tiaki hanga e Yaroslav me ana matua. Tauira o hahi Kiev, tangohia rite te pūtake, taonga e tuku iho rohe o arumoni, reka toi te pa o o kaihoahoa me toi. riro ratou taketake e tika ana ki te āhua o te hanganga o taiepa aua marae kohatu, me te taputapu. Ko te motuhake - paparanga tētahi tāpae plinfy (i pereki pākeho), kohatu rohe, pou tarāwaho rawakore, ki te tua o te otinga o te tītipi pereki, me Volkhov pākeho. Nā ki kōtītiti i taratara taiepa plinfy. Katoa o tenei taa, a ngā te hanga rohe i roto i te kokoru motuhake i huaina "hoahoanga o Novgorod Whenua", i te mea he māngai angamaheni o Nereditsa Ekalesia.

teie mau hiero

hutia te temepara rahi iti, ki nei tano te kupu āhua "Whare", i roto i te kororia o patua tama, a ka hapu rite te urupa rangatira. i whakahaere Building i tempo whakatere, ko te wā he record - 4 anake marama, engari te katoa i muri i roto i te 1199 i pania te hahi. I roto i tona puka me te hoahoanga (cubical hahi kotahi-dome) Ekalesia o te Faaora i runga Nereditsa rite atu whare karakia whakaturia i roto i te taua wa. Tino rite ia ko te Faahuru Cathedral i Pereyaslav-Zalessky, Rimitiriu Cathedral i Vladimir, Pyatnitskaya hahi i Chernigov, Ekalesia o te Faaiteraa i runga i Arkazhi, Pita ko Paora Sinichnoy pouri me ētahi atu. Ko te momo matua o te hahi Siu katoa o ratou. timata Construction o kohatu hahi ripeka-domed i Russia ki te hanga i roto i Kiev ahuru E hahi i te mutunga o te rau tau X, tonu te hanga kaha o nga hahi o tenei momo o te mahi i tenei ra. Ko reira i roto i to tatou ra ki whakahoki nga wahi mana Soviet ngaro o te koropiko, me te hanga hou. A ko reira pai e pupuri ratou takoto ana i roto i te temepara Russian Siu, a na haamana'oraa o ratou āhua pikitia o Nesterov me Glazunov. Kei te tonu Continuity, tuu tamariki hou he aroha mo Russia mai tamarikitanga, me te ariā o "Russia Tapu" Kei te hoko rawa tata.

āhuatanga pono motu

pā ana Temipale Spas Nereditsa ki te ripeka-domed, me 4 pou roto wahi o te haamoriraa amo. Ia, rite maha whare rite, kua pozakomarnoe pani tūturu i roto i te hanga o te Siu Ekalesia Russian. Puku zakomary ruawhetū ranei e niao ki tuanui, kaua faingataa e replicating te āhua o te kikorangi hahi. Zakomary taiepa karaunatia ia - kongakonga poutū o te paruru hahi. Ēnei mongamonga poutū i runga i te ringa kotahi, whakapaipai i te temepara, i runga i te tahi atu - homai reira he tuakiri motu ahurei. No te mea o tona rahi iti he ropu iti te Ekalesia o te Faahuru i Nereditsa, e tohu ana i te pakihi ki hāngai te pŭpŭ himene.

Nereditsa hahi Pūrere

Tikanga, enei whare - te ruma pŭpŭ himene ranei - kei i runga i te taiwhanga tuwhera taupee ranei roto te hahi, a kua tū tonu i runga i te papa tuarua i runga i te taiepa ritenga te aata. He he taiepa rawa matotoru, arapiki kuiti, me te tomokanga ki te taiwhanga, kei runga i hurori rakau, tapahia atu i roto i te taiepa te hauauru tenei hahi. I runga i te ruma i reira e rua fare pureraa. Ko te hahi o to tatou Faaora i roto i Novgorod Nereditsa kua te ōwehenga āhuatanga he, taiepa taratara, engari e kore e pahua ai i te reira, a ka homai te hahi tetahi whakamahine me te taketake. whakaaro taiepa Kirihou te ki kia mīharo. Ahakoa ngā ōritenga maha, he ahurei te hahi.

Hanga i nohopuku te hahi, me te noa ahakoa peita reira he katoa tau, i poto āhua hoki te wā o te tono i te frescoes. hipoki Painting i te roto katoa - taiepa, teneti, tautoko tīwae, a i roto i tenei kihai i ia rite. Nui ensemble picturesque, te pou rongonui ki te peita rahi i roto i Russia kore anake, engari ano i roto i Europe - e te aha te peita, kua whakaorangia nei e Nereditsa. e kore e taea e Novgorod whakamanamana o ara kotahi taua hahi.

Wareware, ka ora

Hoki ngā rau tau maha ko te hahi, feongoongoi whakaranu ki te whenua a tawhio noa, a kihai i nui hype tawhio reira i reira. Interest i roto reira puta i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XIX. Artist Martynov i roto i te tau 1867 riro te mētara parahi i roto i Paris mo te pikitia kape peita wai nereditskih. I roto i te 1910, ka tīmata te reira i te faaho'iraa mai o frescoes me te ako kaha. Kei te nui ake iti iho ranei inarā tonu tenei katoa tae noa ki te 30raa. Tenei mahi ko te wa katoa e aki ana Nikolay Rerih, e hiahia ana ki te pupuri i tenei kōhatu rite Kaiwhakaora Nereditsa. ka haere mai Frescoes o te hahi ki te wa i roto i te huru noatia e pai.

matauranga anaana

whakawhetai anake ki te mahi kawea atu i te wa, ka ora taua enei taonga i roto i te whakaahua me te kape ki te ra hakari, ka tukua rite te pukapuka. Ratou rite frescoes, me te temepara, patu katoa i roto i 1941 i te ahi puhipuhi Nasí, rite te hahi i pupuhi wāhi. ko Heoi nui te faufaa o tenei hahi, i timata te mahi fakafoki mai i roto i te 1944. hanga temepara kia totoa e mohio ki torutoru iwi ia rite te hanganga pou-pakanga. Hei waihanga hanga te hahi i taea anake i roto i te pikitia whanganga hanga i roto i te 1903-1904 e academician P. Pivovarov.

ahurei

Mai i te tawhiti, kitea tu i runga i te Ekalesia pukepuke o te Faaora i runga Nereditsa. Photos wātea i roto i ngā rahinga nui, tika reira ataahua mīharo. Waho reira he tārua tangohia o tona mua, engari te roto e kore i taea te whakahokia hoki te 15% o nga peita taketake, te nuinga te wahi o runga noho - te taiepa, haurangi, dome.

Ko te ahurei o te puna taketake, ko te kore noa i i pania ai i roto i tino mea katoa - i patu brushwork me kaupapa frescoes.

Rerekē hoki te wa, a kua whakaaro te tuaukiuki o te whakapakoko i roto i te kikorangi, "Ascension" ahua o te Karaiti ki nga anahera e ono. I tenei wa, i te whakapaipai i te kikorangi i "Pantokratom". Ko reira, pera me te tikanga, rua image o Ihu. hanga e ia he manaaki ki tona ringa matau, te maui pupuri i te Evanelia. I 9 rarangi i tū ratou frescoes hahi. He i konei "Papitaisó" tito, whakaahua me te tuatahi mate Knyazhich St. Boris me Gleba. Here i te whakaahua nui o Yaroslav me te hanganga nui o whakawa, i roto i nei i te wahi mo te kōrero i reira "taonga i roto i te reinga." Ko te hōtaka whānui o te peita, pērā i te St. Sophia Cathedral, i ngaro, kihai i te ana'iraa tau iti o ngā reira, engari e kore te reira tono mea frescoes mahu'inga nereditskih.

auahatanga ngā

He maha ngā tohunga huanga te kore o te pūnaha i te aroaro o te tokomaha nui o kaitoi me te wiwi o te tikanga. Na etahi whakapono e marama poto raumati Jaroslaw, ka te nuinga o peita hahi, karangatia tohunga motuhake i tetahi ki tetahi, tetahi o nei i ara he iwi ke. Na reira, i reira te mea he cacophony taua.

E kore e mohiotia te ingoa tangohia o te kaitoi, engari (hai) nui ngā ki te meka i ko reira Ikonnikov Olis Grechin. Kua kitea whaipara tona studio, te wahi atu ngā ki tona whai wāhi i roto i peita nereditskim. Tohunga mōhio e te tikanga o te peita tuhituhia, tata, kaua, te tikanga rawhiti atu Byzantine tino.

tiaki o te kainga tupu

I muri i te whawhai, na kua ora ano te Ekalesia o te Faahuru i runga i Nereditsa i 1958, a i roto i te tau 1992 i whakaurua ki roto ki te rārangi Ao Heritage.

paetae nui ko e ko te reira i teie nei i te faaiteraa i roto i te pūnaha 3D. Ngā ākonga o te Whare Wānanga o Leningrad whakaahua pango-a-ma, me huahua, ka ora taua i roto i nga pukapuka, a ko taea ki te waihanga i te whakapaipai roto, me te waho o te hahi, a kei te huri i te reira i runga i te wā. A te reira pono katoa.

Na te hahi i te torutoru ra i te wiki mahi ia rite te whare taonga tuwhera ki te iwi whānui.