Ngā momo o whakahounga - ahu whakamua, me te whakaheke: tauira

I teie mahana, tata fehangahangai katoa te rā ki te ariā o "whakahou." Kua reira kua meinga tangi te kupu maheni i te mangai o kaitōrangapū, reo irirangi me te TV kaiwhakataki, a ngā wā i roto i te pukapuka, te pāpāho me ētahi atu puna. He aha te mea tohu tenei ariā me aha e ona momo?

Ko te ngako o te ariā o

«Reformare» Ko te kupu "whakahou" mai i te Latino, e te tikanga "ki te taui i." Tohu te huringa ariā panoni ranei o tetahi tukanga tūmatanui ahanoa ranei, ao o te ora tūmatanui. Tei runga i te āhua o te mana i runga i te whanaketanga o mua.

I roto i te tirohanga o te wāhi e e ngohengohe ki te huri, faaite momo rerekē o whakahounga. I roto i te whānui, i tenei āhuatanga i roto i tona puka me mau faaiteraa katoa ko te tukanga e tika ana o te whanaketanga o te hapori, me te āhua, ara, ki te he kino ona pānga. Me mahara hoki käore te reira e te whakahou - ko reira te tikanga he tukanga e e wahi i roto i te whenua ngā, me tona pūnaha tōrangapū, pāpori ōhanga ranei.

Mark i hītori

E ai ki tona mana i runga i te akoranga o te hītori me te whanaketanga o te whenua e whai ake nei ngā momo o whakahounga:

• Progressive - enei huringa pau te whakapai ake, te whakapai ake i tetahi rohe o te ora, te pūnaha katoa ranei. Hei tauira, te whakakāhoretanga o te serfdom arahina ki te whakapai ake nui i roto i te oraraa o te iwi whānui. hanganga Progressive i te pānga pai i runga i te whanaketanga ōhanga, paerewa ora me te toko i pāpori, me ētahi atu tohu, i runga i te whānuitanga o ratou mahi rānei.

• Inenga - hanganga e pau ino o te pūnaha me ngā hanganga, e tukupu ana te paerewa o te ora atu hopearaa ino i roto i te hapori ranei. Hei tauira, te whakataki o reiti tāke nui e taea arahi ki te whakaiti i roto i te hanga, te whakawhitinga o te ōhanga i roto i te "mahi atarangi" pera-ka karanga, ino o paerewa ora.

Ka taea e hanganga whakaheke whakawhanake ki pōuri pāpori, tutu, aro. Ko, ahakoa ona nunu'a kovi katoa, e te tahi mau taime takoha taua mehua, me te muri hoatu he hua pai. Hei tauira, te whakanui ake i ngā utu takoha ranei i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapakari i te tiaki pāpori o te taupori meinga te tīmatanga he rota o riri rongonui, engari ka mahi tino te pūnaha, me te ka ite iwi nga āhuatanga pai o te huringa, ka mutu te oaoa, a whakahōu he whai hua i runga i te paerewa ora o tangata.

tohutohu

Ngā momo o hanganga i roto i nga ao o te tono ko te tino whānui. arotahi tōrangapū i runga i ngā rerekētanga i roto i te wāhi ngā. Hei tauira, te pūnaha pōtitanga faafariuraa hanganga kāwanatanga ranei. Economic i uta e te huringa o ngā mahi ōhanga o te whenua ranei whanaunga ōhanga ke. tū Social i roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i te rerekētanga i roto i te oraraa o te puranga.

Ko te wā kano e taea ngā he maha o whakahounga tauwhāiti atu tenei. Tenei ko te tahi mau hi'oraa:

• whakarerekē i te ture - huringa i roto i te tuhinga matua o te whenua, te whakarato huringa i roto i te hanganga te mana ranei nga mau parau tumu o ona mahi. E pā ana te reira ki te ao tōrangapū.

• whakahou agrarian - huringa i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua o te whenua. kia fakahu'unga te reira i te tautoko o te rängai kāwanatanga o te ōhanga tumuaki tuarua ranei hurihia tightening nga whakaritenga me ngā ture. E pā ana te reira ki te ao ōhanga.
• whakahou Educational - huringa i roto i te pūnaha whakangungu. kia pā te reira ki e rua hanganga teitei whakahaere pūnaha (te mau parau tumu o te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga), me ngā wāhi motuhake (pūtahi kura-i mua, ngā kura, whare wānanga, kareti, me ētahi atu). E pā ana te reira ki te ao pāpori.

He tauira a Tūrongo, o te aamu te whenua o

whakarerekētanga ohaoha o Khrushchev kawea i roto i roto i 50-60s o te rau tau whakamutunga i te mana nui i runga i te whanaketanga atu o te whenua kia rite ki te katoa, me ona rohe takitahi. Ko te auaha tino nui ko te wehenga o te rohe katoa o te rohe whakahaere ōhanga me ratou kāwanatanga rohe, e hua ana ki te mana tika whanui.

Hoki, ka taea te pēnei huringa nui ki te wawahi o te tuakiri fifi Stalin, i hoatu whanaketanga ki te tirohanga hou o ratou whenua, me te ao katoa i roto i te whānui, ka meinga te anaanatae nui o te hapori ao.

Otiia ko e anake te timatanga o huringa, aru e rite atu tino. Hei tauira, e hāngai ana te whakahou agrarian i i te whanaketanga o nga whenua hou me rohe, ratou tukatuka me te urutaunga ki nga hiahia o te ahuwhenua. Kua tuku ēnei mahi hua nui: te hua i roto i loto, te whanaketanga o ahumahi e pā ana ki te rāngai agrarian me ētahi atu.

Economic whakahounga Khrushchev o hipokina me te whanaketanga o te pūmanawa pūtaiao, me te roha o te hanga kaha o te whenua, me te nui noa atu. mahue ratou i te tapuwae rawa nui, me te tino whakaarahia te kara o te ora o tangata, ahakoa i ratou e kore anake nunu'a pai.

tauira ke

Ngā momo o pāpori hanganga tekau, me ngā tauira o ratou, rawa, he maha nui. Ko tētahi o nga huringa tino a Tūrongo, i roto i te hītori hou ko te hunga e kua kawea i roto i roto i Georgia.

Neke atu i te te wā poto ngā o te wā kua reira kua heke taputapu kāwanatanga, tukanga rēhita māmā me te pakihi, tino hanga te pūnaha o te toko i te ora pāpori me te tiaki hauora. Ka rite ki te hua o enei hanganga, kua homai Georgia mahi pai i runga i te whawhai ki te pirau, whakakitea te Kāti tupu me te whakapai ake nui i roto i ngā paerewa ora.

ahua motuhake

Hoki whakaora pūnaha, Kei te maha whakamahia stabilization o te auau utu ranei i roto i te wā tauwhirowhiro i roto i te whakatinanatanga o te tahi atu hui huringa kāwanatanga rite te pupuri o te whakahou moni. Ki tenei taputapu, ka taea e koe te whakatutuki i raunga o pikinga me hinga i te pānga kino o te whakahekenga ohaoha.

Ko te mārama tino me waia ki nga tini tauira o whakahou moni ko te haapa'oraa (whakarahi o wae moni, kahore te huri to ratou ingoa), nullification (whakaoti "tautuhi pūnaha" - te whakataki o te moni hou ki te whakakapi i te tawhito) me mimiti haere te wāriu (whakaiti o te moni motu i roto i te pā ana ki te moni ētahi atu whenua wae).

Te taahiraa i muri mai

Komititanga ake, ko reira utu te tuhituhi i tētahi wāhi nui e tata momo katoa o whakahounga, ina whai ratou pānga te pānga kino i runga i te ora o te tangata, ka te taniwha, arahi ki whakatinanatanga atu whakatakotoria, me te tere o te huringa. huaina ana tēnei āhuatanga ko te revolution. No te mea e kore e enei huringa tīmataria e te kāwanatanga me te iwi, a kahore e maha i whāinga mārama, me he noa te hua o te riria, me nga nunu'a o ratou e taea e ohorere.