"Paraurehe" whakatauranga - he aha te mea tenei? Eaha te tupu i muri i te Russian "paraurehe" whakatauranga

I teie mahana, i roto i nga pāpāho i teie nei, a ka peke taura pou i runga i taumahi ki te aromatawai motuhake o Russia huaina "paru" whakatauranga. Ko tenei whakamāramatanga tonu mārama ki tokomaha, no te mea e taea e te tangata toharite mahino rawakore i roto i ngā pūtea, me te ki te he nui atu iti iho ranei nga mea katoa mārama-tauanga, ka o taua hāngai rite "paru", e hiahia ana koe ki te korero i roto i te taipitopito. I runga i tenei me te tahi atu te pēhi take o te ōhanga i muri i roto i tenei tuhinga.

He aha te tenei

Hei matau aha te tikanga o te reira "paru" whakatauranga, e ti'a ia tatou ia maramarama i te tuatahi te whakamāramatanga o "tapeke moni tāwere." Tetahi takitahi, kamupene ara te whenua ranei e taea te whai i to ratou whakatauranga whakaea. Hei tauira, kia pareparenga i roto i te nuinga o te wā ake ratou ake whakawākanga o ngā kaitono e, a ka tae mai te reira ki te aromātai i te ōritetanga o corporations nui āhua ranei, e rave i roto i te motuhake pokapū whakatauranga motuhake. I roto ia ratou Ko te FitchRatings, Moody o ko Paerewa ko Poor o (S & P), whakawhānui ki te ao katoa nei mahi, a kua rongo ratou whakaaro ki te nuinga o pūtea.

Ki te whakaaro ki o Amerika, e hāngai ana te whika e i runga i te tātaritanga o te āhuatanga ōhanga, pāpātanga whakawhiti o te moni motu, me te tahi atu āhuatanga.

E kore e taea e tatou te mea e, te vai ko etahi pūnaha noa o whakatauranga, ia pokapū ratou tikanga me tohu. Ka taea te wehea ngā auroro katoa ki te herenga o te runga rawa, tiketike, kounga reo. Aru taurangi meá me natulá, me te matapae o te taunoa tata. "Paraurehe" whakatauranga - he fafauraa o tika he momo taua.

Take o te raruraru i roto i Russia

kore i Ahakoa kua whakatauranga nama o Russia i roto i nga tau tata nei i te taumata tiketike, engari ko te reira e kore "paru" me te whakaea o te whenua rawa kore e taea te i ruarua. timata nga raruraru i roto i te 2014, i muri i te mharahara o Crimea me nga aukati muri i te US ko EU. kino ake ngaa katoa i te hinga i roto i utu hinu, triggering he hekenga nui o te RUPO. Kua hoatu enei me ētahi atu whanaketanga ara ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te raruraru, a tae noa te taea o te taunoa i Russia.

Tikanga, whenua ki "paraurehe" whakatauranga, i te ohanga ngoikore, me te maha raruraru. Na, tīmata te hapori ao korero tino e pā ana ki Russia tomo i roto i te rārangi o ta'emanakoa. Ratau, te wa whakamutunga whakatauranga nama te whenua o ko i runga i te taumata o "paraurehe" i roto i te 2005.

matapae fakatu'atamaki

I te mutunga o 2014, ka mea a Minita ex-Finance Alexei Kudrin e haamata te raruraru ōhanga tonu-parirau i roto i te whenua. E ai ki a ia, Russia i 2015 kia pai kia whakaritea he "paru" whakatauranga, ka meinga kia reira e kore anake e utu hinu iti - whakapataritari hoki aukati i te heke i roto i te ōhanga. E ai ki te matapae o te matenga o mua o te Tāhuhu o te GDP te whenua o e peka e te iti rawa 2%, mana'o e ka utu hinu $ 80, i utu iti e tata ana $ 60 te maturuturunga iho i roto i te ōhanga i taea e tae 4%.

ka mea ano Kudrin e te kāwanatanga ko ngā kaupapa here takarepa, kia iti ranei he mooni, me kahore fifi waho e pā ana ki utu hinu me aukati kore tupu.

whakahekenga

I te timatanga o 2015, tuku iho Fitch te aromatawai o te whakaea o Russia ki te taumata o BBB-, i te mea te taahiraa whakamutunga i roto i te rohe haumi, ka tae mai te "paru" whakatauranga. Kua Russia kua homai he tirohanga kino mo te heke mai e tata ana.

Taimi nounou mei ai, te pokapū whakatauranga S & P me Moody o tuku iho whakatauranga nama o Russia ki natulá, pera-ka karanga "paraurehe" ranei. E ai ki o ratou pūrongo, tetahi o nga take he aha te aromatawai ko te pakanga haere tonu i roto i Ukraine, e, tetahi ara ranei tetahi, e taea hoki e pā te āhuatanga ōhanga i roto i Russia iho. I tua atu ki te whakatauranga he pānga kino i runga i utu hinu iti me te tere whakawhiti iu o te moni motu.

He Moody o, i roto i era atu mea, e ai ta e reira ko te tūponotanga o te hanga i te Russian kāwanatanga taua whakataunga, kia pā ratonga nama waho te whenua o runga i te wā e he ki etahi whānuitanga.

E tano ia tapao e, tangohia tuatahi o katoa, ki te rerekē te aro mātai o ngā pokapū rerekē te kino waitohunga ki pūkete.

Ko te objectivity o ngā aromātai

"Big toru" pokapū whakatauranga nama he pūtahi motuhake, whakaaro ratou aro mātai te ki kia tōkeke me te whāinga. Heoi, ko te meka i whakaritea te ti'amâraa e tetahi i muri i te tahi atu "paraurehe" whakatauranga o Russia, te Russian Foreign Tāhuhu rite te whakatau tōrangapū, poauau i te wāhi ōhanga o te tirohanga, me te hāngai ana ki ngoikore te whenua. fakapapau'i te Tāhuhu e enei whakatau tata he wahi o te kaupapa here Western o te pēhanga i runga i Russia roto aukati.

Ko taau e whakatau o te ti'amâraa Moody ki tautapa te aromatawai Russian o Ba1, i te mea tika te taua titau te "paraurehe" whakatauranga, whakaaro Kudrin maloobyasnimym, ahakoa te meka i ia ia i mua ie pā ana ki te taea o te whakaiti whakatauranga Ariki o Russia ki natulá. Maere roa Ko te meka e ki runga ki tenei whakatauranga i whakahoungia te marama noa i mua - e kore te mea te reira mārama reira he aha te hiahiatia inaianei.

Atu i fakamanamanai reira te whenua

I tahaki, e kore he nui te ati te "paru" whakatauranga, rawa rite te ōhanga piki tākiekina e taua āhuatanga matua rite te utu o te hinu, te RUPO, me te kamupene zakreditovannost me whare. Ka taea e tatou te mea e whakaata he rangatira iti nga uauatanga o nāianei.

Whenua ki "paraurehe" whakatauranga kia wheako uaua i roto i te whiwhi nama ki waho, kia rite i roto i te take o Russia, homai nga aukati utaina ki runga ki taua mea, whakawākanga pokapū iti whakauaua huri - kua heke te rere o haumi ki te whenua tino i roto i te 2014. Heoi, he maha moni haumi tangohia te kanga ki runga ki haumi i roto i te öhanga o te "paraurehe" whakatauranga, na kia ahua iti ai te tomonga o moni ke, engari he reira pea ki te kia tino mo te ōhanga.

Kōrero e pā ana taunoa

Ko nga hau e pā ana ki te taea o te taunoa, he pono ratou he faarahiraa, me te werohanga o te aitua. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki whakatauranga iti, ki runga ki te Kāwai D, e te tikanga he taea nui o taunoa, he tonu Russia tawhiti.

"Paraurehe" whakatauranga - e kore te mea he rerenga, haunga tenei te nama ke e kore ko o te Russian Federation nui, me te ko te iti ake i te 10% o te GDP, i roto i ētahi atu whenua ki te rangatira teitei, kia nui te nama tūmatanui ratou GDP. Ki te tika, ka taea e Russia mau tonu ona herenga i te utu o rāhui utu ke.

He aha te tikanga koe "paraurehe" whakatauranga mo Russia

Tuatahi o te katoa, kia mea ai e kore e te "paru" whakatauranga tikanga te kiriata whakamutunga o te whenua ki te poka o te raruraru. Ki te puipuitua o te whakaea kino o tata Russia, me te kaitätari hinu iti tohu anō hekenga uara utu o te RUPO me ētahi atu raruraru i roto i te ōhanga. Heoi, kua mauruuru kaha i roto i te puna o te RUPO ki te tāra me te ähuareka utu hinu. Kei te tango te Kawanatanga i nga mehua e tika ana ki te hinga i te raruraru.

Hei tauira, he "paraurehe" whakatauranga o Ukraine i te meka e whakaata ana i te āhua pouri o ngā take i roto i te whenua, ko tona ohanga tei runga i whiwhinga Western. I roto i te take a Russia, Ka taea e mea huri. Maoro, e whiwhi ki te āhuatanga pai, a ka whakahou i te pokapū whakatauranga ratou tata mo te pai.