Pehe French Stéphane Mallarmé: biography, auaha, photo

Stéphane Mallarmé - te rohi pehe tino me kaituhi tuatahi i France, e noho i roto i te rau tau 19. Ko ia te upoko o te kura symbolist. E mohio ana koe he aha atu mohiotia ko Stéphane Mallarmé? haurongo Poto aroaro i roto i tenei tuhinga ka tukua ki a koe te ako atu e pā ana ki reira.

Ko te takenga mai, te wā o te ako

whanau te rohi pehe i mua nei i roto i Paris i runga i Maehe 18, 1842. ko Numa Mallarmé, e mahi i roto i te Tari mo Property Affairs tona papa. 5 tau, no te a Tepene, ngaro ia tona whaea, a ka ka tangohia ia ki te mātauranga o ona matua. ko Stéphane Mallarmé he tamaiti tairongo. ako e ia te tuatahi i te kura fakalotu, kei roto i Auteuil (i roto i te 1853), a ka, mai 1853, tae Saens kura nui. Mātauranga i roto i te whakamutunga tahuri atu ki te hei mauiui mo te rohipehe. ka ia tikanga noa kaha o tona mo'emo'e i muri i te matenga 1857 o tona tuahine-tau 13-tau, Maria. tohu o Bachelor Mallarmé riro i roto i te tau 1860. Ua hinaaro tona papa ia ki te riro i te āpiha Stefan, engari whakarerea Mallarmé tenei mahi. Ahakoa Na, ongo'i ia e waiho e ia he rohi pehe.

E rua ngā āhuatanga o te ora o Mallarmé

Hoki rave rahi marama i roto i te tau 1862, ko Stefan i London. Here a tika tonu ia tona Ingarihi. Hoki mai ki a France i roto i 1863, ka e ia he kaiwhakaako o te reo Ingarihi i te Lycée Tournon. te ora o Tepene mai taua wa, pera me i wehea ai kia rua nga wahi. I takoha ia ki whakaako mo te whakaaro ki o te moni iti, ki te whakarato hoki i te whānau - te tuatahi i roto i Tournon, ka i roto i Besancon, i Avignon (tae noa ki 1871), Paris (tae noa ki 1894) (1866-67 gg.). Ko te tahi atu taha o tona ora ko whiti.

mahi tuatahi te, ia rātau ki te kura Parnassian

Hoki te wā 1862-64 gg. Ko nga irava tuatahi o te kaituhi Tupú. Ka taea e kite ratou i te mana o Edgar Allan Poe ko Charles Baudelaire. I roto i te 1864, tutaki Stéphane Mallarmé ki Kautllom Mendes, Frederic Mistral, MV Adan de Lille. Kei te mohiotia te reira e riro ia hiahia i roto i te kaiwhakarewa rotarota kura Parnassian Théophile Gautier ka anga ki te tuhituhi mahi i roto i tona wairua.

I maoro, i roto i te tau 1865, whakaputaina ana e ia tona pehepehe tika "Afternoon o te Faun." aroaro Mallarmé tenei mahi i te T. marae de Banville, nei ko tetahi o nga kau taki o te kura Parnassian. Tenei pehepehe Ko te eclogite titorehanga, me te parakore. koa etene o te ora puta noa te mahi katoa.

wā Parnasskii o auahatanga

Mei 12, 1866 tū te whakaputanga tuatahi o Mallarmé (10 rotarota whakaputaina i roto i "Contemporary Parnassus"). Tenei meka auraa e mohio Parnassians ia. Na ka haere mai nga tau o rapu mō tikanga hou o te faaiteraa o tona huru whiti (1868-73). Mallarmé i te mutunga o nga 1860, i tuhituhi he kōrero fantastic, i karangatia e ia "Igitur, Elbenona Madness ranei". Heoi, i anake whakaputaina reira i roto i te tau 1926. I tua atu, i whakaturia e ia ki te mahi i runga i te "Heroriaha", he whakaari i roto i te irava. Tenei mahi, kāore, i mahue oti. whakaputaina te kongakonga i roto i 1871 i roto i te putanga tuarua o te pukapuka "Modern Parnassus."

Mallarmé - ino, mahi hou

I te timatanga o 1870 wehea Mallarmé i parnassians, a piri nga decadents. I te tau 1872 ka tuhituhi ia "Inu Funeral", whakatapua ki te mate o T. Gautier. Tenei mahi tohua te whakawhitinga ki nga Poetics hou o te Stefan. Taunga ki Rimbaud pā 1872 ki Manet - e 1873, ki Emile Zola - ki timata 1874. Stéphane Mallarmé te mahi tahi ki te moheni i huaina "whakaoranga toi, me te tuhituhi." Here, i roto i te 1874, whakaputaina Stephen he translation o te pehepehe Poe o "Te Raven". rite whakaahua hoki reira Manet. tahi hoki Mallarmé ki te "Magazine o te ao hou." Here whakaputaina e ia he raupapa o ngā tuhinga me ngā tuhinga. Publisher A. Lemerra i roto i te tau 1874 i pai ki te whakaae ki te whakaputanga o te mahi o Mallarmé a "Afternoon o te Faun." Anake i roto i te 1876 i tā i te reira. I roto i te taua tau, i tuhituhi te rohi pehe he Sonnet tika "Te Toma o Edgar Allan Poe." A i roto i te muri, 1877, i reira ko tetahi pukapuka kura, te kaituhi o nei - Mallarmé. I huaina te reira "te kupu Ingarihi". whakaputaina Tutorial i runga i ngā pūrākau i roto i 1880 ( "Atua Ancient"). Ko reira he urutaunga o te pukapuka DU Cox.

"Literary Rātū" rongo

timata Malarme ki te whakarite i to ratou ake "Rātū tuhituhi" i roto i te 1880. Ko ratou i roto i tona fare, kei runga i te huarahi Roma. Ko te "tuhi Rātū" uru Saint-Paora Roux, Gyustav Kan, Pol Klodel, Anri De Regnier, Andre Zhid, Pol Valeri ko Per Luis. pehe French ka mohiotia Stéphane Mallarmé i roto i ngā porowhita tuhituhi. Kua ākina tenei tokomaha P. Verlaine, i runga ia i te pera-ka karanga "kaitito kanga" (1884 i tuhituhi Verlaine he tuhinga roa ui). whai wāhi hoki ki te rongonui o Mallarmé J.-C. Huysmans. I roto i tona pūrākau, tika "I te anga ke", hanga i roto i te 1884, i tenei kaituhi he tātaritanga taipitopito o te rotarota wawe o Stefan mangai Des Essent, tona protagonist.

Mallarmé - te matenga o nga Symbolists

E nga waenganui-80 o te rau tau 19 i whakaaro Mallarmé te rangatira i roto i nga kaitito ino, e i roto i 1886 ka anga ki te karanga ratou "Symbolists". Tona kohinga tika "Poems Stefana Mallarmé" puta i roto i te 1887, me te muri - whakamāoritanga o rotarota hanga e Poe. I te wa ano, me te "pouri" rotarota symbolist, Stéphane te hanga iti-rōrahi me ngā rotarota ohie i runga i ngā wā. i whakaputaina ratou anake i roto i te 1920 ( "i runga i te take o Poetry").

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

I roto i te 1894, ko tatou hiahia i roto i te kaituhi whakaputaina he kohinga o ngā whiti i roto i te tuhi, me te whiti. Na ka mahue ia i te mahi, whakatau ki te horo'ai tona ora ki te rotarota. whakaturia Mallarmé i ki te hanga i tētahi, pukapuka ao tino, i roto i nei i te whakamāramatanga ahurei, me te whānui o te ao e kia he hoatu. I muri i te matenga o Verlaine, i puta i roto i 1896, i pōtitia Tepene "Prince o Poets". Ko te whakaputanga o ana whiti whakamātautau ui ko e "kore Luck whakakahore i te take" e pā ana ki 1897. Ko te āhua hua ko te kotahi kupu roa, kahore he tomaraa. I tāngia te reira i te pikitanga, me whakamahia te momotuhi rerekē te rahi. whakanohoia te ruri i runga i te horapa-page rua. Na, i roto i te 1897, whakaputaina Mallarmé he raupapa o ngā tuhinga ( "Music me Literature", "Ko te raruraru o te whiti" me etahi atu.). Ratou ingoa noa - "tito noa". I roto i enei mahi, te aroaro te kaituhi tona whakaaro e te ite tuhinga he heke e hiahiatia ana e te ki whakahokia tona mahu'inga mo'a mua. Mallarmé Stefan, haurongo, me tona mahi tonu e hāngai ana, mate i runga i Mahuru 9, 1898 i roto i Paris. Ko te wahi matua o ona tuhinga me te reta whakaputaina i muri anake tona matenga.

Te tikanga hanga me ngā āhuatanga Mallarm

Me mea te reira e puta te rohi pehe Stéphane Mallarmé, nei whakaahua e kitea e koe i roto i tēnei tuhinga i roto i te tuhinga French i te wa ka riro te reira kitea te hiahia mō ngā momo whiti, me te rohirohi o tawhito. arahina e ia te kaupapa o te fakataipe i roto i i tangohia e whakaaro hou toi āhua ariā, i mahi ki ripeneta te reo o te whiti, me te mea whariki te ara mo te tuhinga hou i roto i France.

Mallarmé radically rethought te pātai e pā ana ki te whakaaro o te whiti. whakapono ia e kore e whakaako reira whakaahua ranei. E tika ana kia te tahi mea superreality. E ai ki a Mallarmé, rotarota - ko te whakawhitinga o te tikanga huna i te tikanga o te reo tangata. horo'a te reira i to tatou motuhēhē ora. Ko te pehe ko he takawaenga i waenganui i te ao tangata, me nga mea ngaro o herehere i roto i te ao. Ka taea e ara te reira i te arai e huna te transcendental, i te whakamahi o kupu, tohu. Ko reira hoki fifili ki a ratou he mo'oni rerekē, e te na hiahia ki te hoatu tatou Stéphane Mallarmé. Tona auahatanga kōrero e muri ia.