Poet Taras Shevchenko: haurongo o te rohi pehe

I roto i te 2014, whakanuia Ukraine te 200raa o te ra whanau o Shevchenko. riro te pehe nui, me te toi kua tetahi o nga marohirohi motu o te whenua. Taras Shevchenko, tona haurongo e whakaahuatia i roto i tenei tuhinga, takatakahi ki te ioka o autocracy me serfdom. Ko he ara uaua e i ki mamae te rota. Makanga me ngā hononga - ko te whakarau noa o kaitoi kihai nei i pai ki te hoatu i ki te mana ki runga. Ko te ngā tino reira ko Taras Shevchenko. Haurongo o te rohi pehe Ukrainian rongonui, me te toi kaiwhakaatu ki tenei. Ka ako koe maha mea ngā pā ana ki reira na roto i te tai'oraa i tenei tuhinga. Na he pono whakaae ki te meka i ko te tangata nui, i te rohi pehe Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko. Haurongo ki whakaahua homai koe i te kite o ia.

Origin me tamarikitanga T. G. Shevchenko

whanau te rohipehe, me te peita heke mai i February 25, 1814 i roto i ki. Morintsy kawanatanga Kiev (inaianei te rohe Cherkasy). Ko tona papa he serf nei no ki te kaiwhakarëti P. V. Engelgardtu. oho Taras mātua i roto i ki i roto i te 2 tau. Kyrylivka. Here pau ia tona tamarikitanga te rohi pehe heke mai, me te kaipeita. I roto i te 1823 ka mate a Taras whaea, na te papa mo te rua o te wa marenatia. Whiriwhiri ko tona pouaru, e i kua e toru tamariki. ka mate papa o Shevchenko i 1825 ka ko ia tau 12 anake tau. Na ka te pani Taras Shevchenko. tohua tona haurongo i wa tenei fifi maha. i ki te ora i te manene ora pakeke te tamaiti. Aua'e, e kore ko te ao, kahore te iwi pai. noho tuatahi Taras i te Sexton-kaiako, ka i roto i te tata o kaipeita. Taras Shevchenko i diakono kura ako ki te pānui i me te tuhituhi, ka tutaki nga taketake o te tātuhi i roto i kaipeita.

Ko te ora o te rangatira whare Engelhardt

I roto i te 1828, ka e ia he pononga o te kaiwhakarëti Engelhardt ki. Vilshany. Taras ko scullion tuatahi, a ka kazachkom. I roto i te 1829, i mahi ia i roto i Vilna, i roto i te whare o te kaiwhakarëti, a muri i St. Petersburg, i muri i oho Engelhardt ki te whakapaipai (tupu te reira i te timatanga o 1831). Te kaiwhakarëti, te imiraa i te kaha ki te utu Taras, faaoti ki tonoa ia ki te ako, a ka ki te hanga o te whare o te tamaiti o te kaipeita. Na i roto i te tau 1832 ka tae ia ki a B. Shiryaev, Guild-rangatira, Taras Shevchenko. tonu Biography tona atamira hou o te ora. Ko tētahi o nga peita aroaro Shevchenko i raro. huaina te mahi ko te "Catherine". pania te pikitia i roto i te 1842.

Mohio ki te toi rongonui

Taras Shevchenko, tae mai nga hararei Hermitage. I roto i te Summer Garden i te tuhi ia te whakapakoko. tutaki konei Taras i 1836 ki IM Soshenko, artist Ukrainian. I kawea ano e ia te tamaiti Grigorovich, Hekeretari o te Academy o Toi, me te kaipeita Karl Bryullov ko Venetsianov, rohi pehe V. Zhukovsky. O te faufaa rahi i roto i o Taras te whakarau i enei hoapā.

Te rapu haere noa

e rave rahi ngana ki te tuku Shevchenko i serfdom i whakahaeretia. Korerotia mai ki a poto tatou e pā ana ki etahi o ratou. haere Tuatahi masterpieces Engelhardt ki te whiriwhiri, engari ki te kahore he pai. tino hiahia te rangatira whare te utu. Na ka haere a Venetsianov ki a ia ki te haere mai ki te whakaaetanga i runga i te utu. ka whakamarie a Tarasa Shevchenko, a pai āwangawanga e pā ana ki a ia i taua toi Russian tairanga. Heoi, i nga wa hinga ia ki te whārua, i ētahi wā noa hepohepo. kanga te tamaiti tona wahi, a ka ngakaukore kaipupuri whenua kaha i a ia.

I roto i tona haukiri, i tuhituhi Shevchenko e Zhukovsky, i muri i ka whakaae ki Engelhardt, ui ki te peita i te whakaahua i ia ki a Bryullova tākaro tenei whakaahua i roto i te taiwhanga tūmataiti. whakaae masterpieces a hohoro i rite te whakaahua. Ki te Vielgorsky hanga Zhukovsky he rota, me te kupu ka Shevchenko herekore. Ka rite ki te tohu o te mauruuru hohonu, me te faatura nui ki Vasiliyu Andreevichu, kua oti rawa ia ki tenei rohi pehe, tetahi o te nui rawa o tona whiti ( "Catherine").

Na, April 22, i hokona 1838 Freedom Shevchenko mō te 2,500 moni. I roto i te taua tau whakauru ia i roto i te Academy o Toi. Here ka Shevchenko he akonga o K. P. Bryullova.

Ko te tino pokea ana o taranata whiti Shevchenko

Ka taea te whakaaro te tau pai i roto i toku ora T. 1840-1847 (i roto i te whakaahua i runga ake - whaiaro portrait-o Shevchenko hanga reira i roto i 1840). I tenei wa, puawai tona taranata whiti. Haurongo Tarasa Shevchenka tohua e te hanganga o nga mahi maha. I roto i te St. Petersburg, i te tau 1840 ka haere mai te kohinga tuatahi o ngā rotarota o te punake ( "Kobzar"). whakatakotoria e ia te turanga mo te wā hou i roto i te hītori o tuhinga o te iwi Ukrainian. "Haydamaky" - te mahi nui te nuinga o Shevchenko, puta reira i roto i 1842. I roto i te tahi atu mahi nui o tenei wā e taea te kï he maau i roto i 1838 "Katherine", 1842, "matapo", 1844 "kāre" 1845 "Naymichka" me te whakaari o te 1843 "Nazar Stodolya". whiti tōrangapū, i puta i tenei wa, - "Dream" (1844), me te "Caucasus" (1845). Maku e ratou autocracy, î ki te wairua orurehau. Nuitia karanga hoki te hurihanga o te autocracy o te iwi whakahuatia i roto i te i pai ai tōrangapū o Shevchenko - te maau "Me pēhea te ki te mate ..." (1845).

Trip ki Ukraine, me o ratou whakaaro i roto i te mahi

Taras i Mei 1843 ka haere ki Ukraine. Here noho ia mo e pā ana ki te tau. I roto i te Hui-tanguru tohua 1844 biography Tarasa Shevchenka hoki ki St Petersburg. I roto i te puna o 1845 puta ia i te Academy o Toi, hoko he "kahore piha haapiiraa (arā, free), kaipeita." haere kotahi ano Shevchenko ki te Ukraine. hiahia ia ki te noho i roto i Kiev. i te mahi Taras i tenei wa i roto i Kiev Archaeological Komihana i te toi. haere ia katoa i runga i Ukraine. Ko te wawata hou o te kaituhituhi me te rohi pehe, te whakaū i te ongo o haere i roto i Chernihiv, Poltava, Kiev kawanatanga. whanga ana i nga wahi katoa Taras te ati o kaimahi. i hanga e ratou i roto i ngā haerenga antiserfdom ngā rotarota i roto i "e toru nga tau" pukaemi. lau Taras Shevchenko enei mahi ki hoa me i mohio, a hoatu ana ratou e ki tuhituhi anō. Ahakoa te faaino o St Petersburg, a tae noa Belinsky, whakataua a kihai i matau te tuhinga Russian Little, me te rawa Shevchenko. I roto i tona rotarota, ka kite ratou i tetahi provincialism kuiti. Heoi hounga'ia tonu whenua reira. tohua ana tēnei e te pōwhiri mahana Shevchenko i roto i te haerenga, i mahia e ia i roto i te biennium 1845-47.

Cyril ko Methodius, te hopu, me te whakarau

Taras i roto i 1846 tomo ki te ngaro Cyril me Methodius. I whakaturia te reira e te ākonga, me ngā kaiako o te Whare Wānanga o Kiev i te mutunga o 1845 ko te reira i te hapori titoa o iwi taitamariki e hiahia i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā iwi Slavic, tae atu Ukrainian. Whakahe e te provocateur i April 1847, i whakakitea ai e te pirihimana. 10 iwi, i mauheretia i te mau melo o tona. i whakawakia ratou o te whakahaere i te hapori tōrangapū. i whiua katoa o ratou. Rawa ka reira Shevchenko hoki pehepehe i hanga e ia te ture. I tonoa e ia ki te Orenburg Region raro titiro tino. I tua atu, Nicholas tapiritia iho ahau i ahau e kia rāhuitia Shevchenko ki te tuhituhi me te utu. Ko te raruraru nui tuatahi Taras e pā ana ki te waipiro e i tenei wa. i kua mohiotia te pai Shevchenko nga minamina. I roto i te tūhuratanga o te hapori ngaro W. Belozersk, tetahi o ona ngā mema, whakatikaia Shevchenko i mea i tuhituhi e ia ana whiti i roto i te āhua o te haurangi, me te kore i whai i te wa maia nga whakaaro taua. Otiia e kore e e ora te rohi pehe enei pānuitanga. Kua Haurongo Tarasa Grigorovicha Shevchenka kua haere i runga i konei.

Life i Orsk pourewa, wahi i roto i te ope

ko Taras i Orsk pa, i ko te backwater koraha. Taras Shevchenko i muri i te ia i tuhituhi Zhukovsky he pukapuka ki te tono mo te tono i roto i te kotahi anake - te tika ki te peita. Hoki Taras i roto i tenei tikanga ko matou Kaute pukumahi Tolositoi ko Gudovich, heoi kihai i taea e ratou te āwhina Shevchenko. karanga Taras ki te Dubbeltu, te upoko o te toru o nga peka, engari kahore i awhina. Tae noa kihai i te whakaoranga nekehia atu ki te waipiro te utu. Heoi, etahi whakamarie ki te artist hoatu tona wahi i roto i te waitaua o 1848-49. ki te ako i te Moana Aral. i tukua e ia Nā ki te ngākau atawhai te maimoatanga V. A. Obrucheva ko Butakova rūtene ki te hanga rubbings momo iwi rohe me ngā momo o te rohe Aral. hanga Tapeke Shevchenko 350 whakaahua peita wai me te whenua. riro ia te scene ora o te hoia, te ora o te iwi Kazakh. Heoi, i roto i te St Petersburg hohoro ka reira mōhio o tenei tinana. riro Butakov me piroria i runga i te matamata he riri, a ka whakahekea Taras Shevchenko i 1850 i roto i te koraha-noho, i runga i pā ana ki. Mangyshlak i Novopetrovskoye whakapakari. Na konei i tino riria reira ki te peita.

Ko te tau pau i runga i pā ana ki. Mangyshlak

Tino wero hoki Taras ko te 3 tau tuatahi o te noho i konei. Na ka ka te reira māmā, te whakawhetai te nuinga ki te aroha o te rangatira mano rohe Uskov me tana wahine, aroha e Taras Shevchenko mō tāpiritanga ki a ratou tamariki, me te āhua ngawari. noho Shevchenko i te pa, ahakoa fokotu'u kotahi āpiha Tarasu Grigorevichu ora i roto i tona fare. Heoi, i roto i te tau fifi tino ara e kore ahau i ngaro pehe ngakau Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko, e tohua e te momo o mau tamataraa uaua e hinga ki tona rota nei haurongo. tamata ia ki te whakakapi i te moldings peita riria me hoki ka mau ake whakaahua, i ko, i te ara, he mahi tino utu i te wa.

whakawāteatanga Shevchenko

I te tau 1857, i te mutunga tukua e ia a Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko. Haurongo o te rohi pehe, me te toi, pea e kua rerekē ki te kahore i hoki nga pitihana maha FP hoki reira Tolositoi ko tana wahine, AI Matotoru. noho Shevchenko i whakakaha Novopetrovskaya i Oketopa 17, 1850 ki August 2, 1857. i tukua e ia i muri i te matenga o Nicholas I.

Life i St. Petersburg, te tupu o te mana'oo pāhoro i roto i te mahi

Roa, me te uaua ko te hokinga i whakarau o Taras. I puritia e ia i roto i Nizhny Novgorod, rāhuitia i tomo i te whakapaipai e rua. E hoa, Heoi, i hanga hoki whakaaetanga Shevchenko ki noho i roto i St Petersburg. tae ia i konei i roto i te puna o 1858 Here te rohipehe, me te toi hoa ki te kaituhi o "Contemporary", me te ki a NA Dobrolyubov, NG Chernyshevsky, ML Mikhailov, NA Nekrasov, AN Ostrowski Ahakoa atu riri me ngā kōrero pakeke whakatangi et al. I roto i tona pūhohe. peka Tuatoru o te mātakitaki tino hou o te rohi pehe. kua Shevchenko i roto i parau, he tekau tau, i Pipiri 1847 ki August 1857. Heoi, e kore tenei i whatiia te pai ai o te rohi pehe, a kihai i taui i tona whakaharanga hou. Poems me Poems "pononga purakau" (na huaina Shevchenko ana mahi, i hanga nei i roto i te whakarau, me te huna i roto i ngā rapunga) e te āhuatanga e te tupu o te mana'oo orurehau. He whakakitenga i o nga rangatira pehe, me te karanga ki te tutu ki a ratou tangi i roto i "Kings" huringa i roto i te 1848. I roto i tona whakaraua hanga ano Shevchenko pūrākau tūturu tuhituhia i roto i Russian. Tenei "rangatira" i roto i te 1853, "kaiwhakatangi" i roto i te 1854-1855., Works 1855 "Gemini", "te Marechale," "meapango" me 1856 "Te Artist". Katoa o ratou i roto i te rota o kōrero i te haurongo o te kaituhi, î ki mana'oo o serfdom.

Heoi, pau nga tau uaua i roto i te whakarau, me te waipiro toka turakina te hauora o Shevchenko ka whakawarea tona taranata. Hua kore mutu ana whakamātau ki te waihanga i tētahi whānau (kaitapere Riunova, kaiahuwhenua Lusha ko Harith). Tae noa te mutunga o ona ra i noho ai anake Taras Shevchenko. e kore e hipokina haurongo poto tino te ora whaiaro, engari ki runga ki te nganatanga whakamutunga o te faaipoiporaa Shevchenko mea tatou motuhake i raro.

Ho'iraa, he hopu hou me nga tau torutoru whakamutunga i roto i St. Petersburg

kua Shevchenko i roto i Petersburg roa, ka haere hoki ia i Maehe 1858 tae noa Hōngongoi 1859. ki honau fonua tupu'angá. I roto i te Taras i te whakaaro ki te hoko i te fare e titiro te Dnieper. whiriwhiria e ia he wahi ataahua i runga i te pukepuke Chernecha. Heoi, e kore a Shevchenko faataahia ki ora konei. Kotahi ra, lau ia i roto i te kamupene tauhou o ana whiti, ka whakamōhiotia tonu te rangatira rohe o pirihimana te kawana, ka mea e campaigned Shevchenko i ki te mana. I hopukina ano Taras, whakahau ki te waiho i te whenua, me te hoki ki St Petersburg raro i te mātakitaki o te toru o nga peka. He haurongo poto o Taras Shevchenko taea ki a koe waihotia nga taipitopito o te ora i roto i St. Petersburg, rite kihai i tino hua hoki a ia i tenei wa. Shevchenko, raruraru noa iho a he rota o mohio toi, me te tuhituhi, unuhia ana torutoru a pania i roto i nga tau tata nei. Tata te katoa noa o te rōpū hakari me hakari hoatu whaoa ia, hou ki te mahi parekareka. Na ara ka Shevchenko te academician o whakairo i runga i parahi. Ko te tohu riro ia i roto i te tau 1860.

Ko te ngana hou ki te marena

te tikanga herehere haurongo Poto o Taras Shevchenko mō ngā tamariki i tenei wāhi, engari na 1860 pā te nganatanga hou ki te marena Shevchenko. Na roto i te raumati o tenei tau, ko ia i roto i St. Petersburg, kotahi - hoa katoa Shevchenko haere ana. Kei te reira tino te ume nei ua te reira i mo'emo'e. tona whakarongo Lukerya Polusmakova, serf kotiro. timata maha Shevchenko kia kite ia. ko mātau me te ake matatau atu Dovgopolenkova Harith, tetahi tangata ahu whenua, e kotahi kawea atu te rohipehe Lusha. Pea ko reira atu uaua. i taea e kia kite e Taras ia - bachelor āhei. Ia, te feaa-ore, ua farii tona tono. Lusha ko Taras nga wahine marena hou rawa te roa me te tane, engari i muri i te i reira ko te āputa. noho mārama ona take, rite te ahurea L. Polusmakovoy.

Mate me te mate

Poet Taras Shevchenko, tona haurongo kua haere mai ki te mutunga, ka tutaki te timatanga o 1861 tino mate (he mate o te ngakau, ate, he kopu tetere, rūmātiki). Heoi, ko ia te tumanako whakamutunga mo te rongoa. I roto i te pukapuka ki a Patoromu, tona whanaunga tuarua, tuhituhia ana e ia e i roto i te puna e haere mai ki Ukraine, me i te kāinga kia tino ki te ora. Heoi, Pepuere 26, 1861, te ra o tona whanautanga, ka mate a Shevchenko i St Petersburg. Museum Grave a o T. G. Shevchenko i Kanev (Ukraine) i tenei ra e tetahi o nga pae tino wehi i hoki te iwi Russian Little.

Otiia e kore e anake i roto i Ukraine, whakahonore ratou tenei tangata nui. Haurongo o Taras Shevchenko i Russian ahakoa kahore whakaurua i roto i te marautanga kura mō te tuhituhinga i roto i Russia, engari tona huru, me te auaha, me i roto i to tatou whenua, ko te tino rongonui. he maheni ki he tokomaha o tatou tona ingoa. Ko tētahi o te iwi nui i roto i Ukraine te whakaaro ki Taras Shevchenko. CV i roto i Russian tenei rohi pehe tino hiahia i roto i te tokomaha o koutou.