Kazimir Valishevsky me ana mahi pai

Ana pukapuka i runga i ngā tohu whenua o mua i roto i te aamu i te whenua o he papamahi maha kaipūtaiao te hunga e whakapono ana e tika tenei kaituhi te tika ki te waiho i runga i te par ki taua kairangahau whai ingoa rite Vasily Tatishchev, Nikolai Karamzin ko Vasily Klyuchevskii. Sam Lev Tolstoy rauemi kotahi tino whakanuia, e whakaraupapa ana i te Pou. I muri e tuhituhi ia: "mahino taea Casimir Valishevsky pa unobtrusive kawe mea nui."

Kotahi ara ranei tetahi, engari i roto i ana i tuhituhi ai wā pahure subjectivity, na te mata o te tirohanga o te iwi ke i etahi o nga ngā o te mua ētahi wā e kore e taea e kitea te au, me te whakautu i roto i te wairua o te iwi Russian. Na ko wai te mea ia, Casimir Valishevsky? A he aha te pera kaha haru ai tona pukapuka te moni o kaipānui ki te kia whai wāhi i roto i te hītori motu? Whakaaroa tenei pātai i roto i te taipitopito atu.

Tau o te tamarikitanga, me te taiohi

Kazimir Feliksovich Valishevsky ko te Pou i whanau. I whanau ia Whiringa 19, 1849 i roto i te kainga o göle (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Poland).

Hoki te hanganga tuatahi i hopukina Casimir i Warsaw hākinakina. Otiia i muri i te ia i akina atu te tamaiti ki te haere tonu ratou mātauranga i roto i te kura Jesuit, i i kei roto i France. Whakatipu ake, ka hiahia i roto i te ture Kazimir Valishevsky me te mutunga ka he paetahi o te kura o ture i roto i Paris, i reira i whakawhiwhia e ia te tohu o Doctor o ture. I muri ako i te tangata taitama i whai wāhi i roto i te whakaako i roto i whare mātauranga Krakow.

mara o te nūpepa

Mai te waenganui-80 o te rau tau 19 Kazimir te nuinga o te wa i roto i France Valishevsky. Ko ia hoki te maha o nga tau mahi i roto i te tuhi i te mahi, e whai wāhi ngā take wā o ngā take tōrangapū, ture, me te ōhanga. Wāhanga o ana pukapuka, pērā i "Poland me Europa i roto i te hawhe 2 o te rau tau 18." Ahakoa te iritiraa ki Russian.

Pukapuka e pā ana ki tuakiri nui i te Russia mua

Maoro, ka te tākuta o te whaiwhakaaro ana i Poland hiahia i roto i te wā hītori Russian o 17-19 tenetere.

tuhituhi e ia he raupapa o mahi e pā ana ki piriniha nei "pono" mahi matou motherland. I roto i tetahi o nga kōrero i roto i te taipitopito publicist tuhi e pā ana ki te whanaunga ke uaua i waenganui i Russia ko Poland, e kua whakawhanakehia i roto i te tau o te Time o aue. Here, i roto i te meka, atu i te rongonui Kazimir Valishevsky, kei roto i te tono nui i roto i to tatou whenua e kore e anake, engari ki waho ano hoki nei pukapuka. e kore e ana mahi i whawhai ki te meka tūturu o te mua, publicist "tei ope i" pūranga kāwanatanga i roto i Vienna, London, Berlin, a, o te akoranga, St Petersburg.

Kia tātari tatou te ihirangi o te mahi tino rongonui o te kaituhi Polish e kua runga i te toru tekau tau o te ora pau i roto i te ako o te pūtaiao hītori Russian.

"Kotahi Empress Roma. Ekaterina Velikaya "

haere mai tenei mahi o te faihisitōlia Polish i roto i roto i 1892. Kua kōrero te ingoa ko reira mārama he aha te ahanoa mō ako whiriwhiria Casimir Valishevsky. "Empress Roma" - te, i roto i te meka, te mutunga o te raupapa, ahakoa te meka e i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te pukapuka hītori te tuatahi i tuhituhia. Kei te tamata te kaituhi ki te whakaahua i te reira i roto i te taipitopito nga haerenga akakoroanga katoa o Catherine II?

Matara i reira, e kore ko te mahi e pā ana ki taua. Ko tōna whakaaro matua - ki te haapapu pehea hinga nui tainga me te kawanatanga Tiamana o Russia i te aroha, me te rite kake ia ki te torona, kua mahi ona pai mo tona te pai, me te pai-oranga. Ko kei te pūrākau wāhi o te kaituhi o te tirohanga i runga i te tuakiri o te Empress, tuku nei ki te kaipānui, me Kazimir Valishevsky. Ekaterina Velikaya i roto i ona kanohi - ko reira mangere, i ētahi wā marara, me te painga mātauranga tangata. Ko tenei tūnga tuakiri o te Pou.

"Petr Veliky"

puta tenei mahi i roto i te 1897. He aha te ihirangi hoatu ki reira Valishevsky Casimir? "Petr Veliky" - he pūrākau i roto i nei e kore e te kaituhi huna tona faahiahia, ki te kahore, ka whakatau i te take o te emepera Russian tuatahi. homai ana e ia ki a ia he raupapa o tūāhua ino: toa, ware, manawanui, hitahita ... fakamamafa'i Casimir F. e te Hiha he hononga kaha me te tata ki tona iwi. kaha e mahara Tsar Pita me tiaki reira. Ko te kaituhi admires te hanganga o te Emepara i roto i mau ohipa hōia, me nuitia ta e whakahaere ia ki te waihanga i te ope tino kaha, me te matatau mai te patereareha Russia.

Heoi, ko te kōrero Polish, e whakaatu ana ano subjectivism, faaino take ki kaipuke o te kingi. E ai ki a ia, nga kaipuke - he faufaa reira, a ko reira tino utu, me te reira te utu tikanga mo te Treasury ...

"Ivan Grozny"

haere mai tenei mahi i te pene o te kaituhi i roto i 1904. E whakaahua reira Casimir Valishevsky? "Ivan Grozny" - he pukapuka e he rerekē i te whakaaro o te taitahi oprichnina, i hanga i hītori rohe tona ihirangi. Ko te meka e kua ngā whakamahia matou ki te aromātai i te kingi o ona mau ohipa ā-i roto i te āhua, me ka anake whakarongo ki te kounga o te kaupapa here ke o te rangatira. Casimir F. ke ana kaupapa matua, a hoatu he whakaahuatanga o Ivan IV i ngā o te kaha ki te hanga takawaenga whanaunga ki te āhua o "ke". Tenei, i roto i ngā, mai ki Lithuania me tona whenua Poland. O te akoranga, mo Waliszewski take kaupapa here ā-, engari ko reira tuarua. Ko te rerekētanga ki te tūranga o kōrero Russian whakakitea i roto i te kiripuaki o te tuakiri o Ivana Groznogo, i i roto i te pūtaiao kāinga pūmau te mana o te kaitukino, kaikohuru, me te nanakia.

Casimir F. i roto i te whakatau tata e ake ngawari me marū kārangaranga Grozny rite "wehi i" me te "whai". I tua atu, whakamoemiti te kaituhi nga whakahounga i tīmata te kingi.

"Time o akina"

I hanga e wātea ana tēnei mahi mō te pānui i roto i te tau 1911. hiahia ahau ki te mea i tenei pūrākau Kazimir Valishevsky. "Time o akina" - he pukapuka e ko te ahua o te haere tonu o te mahi nui-tauine o te kairīpoata Polish, e tika ana "Te Origin o Modern Russia". E kanga ki te aromatawai o tetahi o te uri Ivana Groznogo te whārangi tuatahi o "Time o akina" - Fedora Ioanovicha, e tupu ake i roto i te huru o te wehi, me te wehi. Pai puta kaituhi ki te rohe o nga ngā o te tīmatanga o te rau tau 17, ka ko te mahere tōrangapū o Eastern Europe he aroraa mau mo ao o mana. Ahakoa kua riro Poland he āhua kaha ki te ope kaha. Otiia i roto i Russia kihai haere mai te pai o ngā wā. "Whakamataku," Ko mate te kingi, haere te kaha i roto i te whenua ki te tama a Ivan IV, i roto i te meka tahuri atu ki te hei i te rangatira ngoikore. Oprichnina ko Livonian War i nui Tuhinga o raruraru pāpori-ōhanga. He ko tipu riri o te puranga.

whakaahua ana Casimir F. i taipitopito te āhuatanga tōrangapū whakawhanake i roto i Russia me Poland. kumea ana e ia whakarongo ki te meka e Smoot tino rerekē pānga i runga i nga ora o mua me amo heke mai. Valishevsky te whakamahi i "kaha ngākau tuhituhi", kanapa, me te ātaahua faaite te wā matatini, me te uaua o te hītori motu, i puta i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 17.

Aromātai o tona mahi

Te pēhi i Russia, o te akoranga, e kore takoha ki te tatari roa mo te urupare e pā ana ki te mahi o te faihisitōlia Polish me publicist, e tona pūrākau whakamutunga, whakaputaina i roto i Paris i te 1925, whakatapua ki te emepera Alexander I.

Ano, kua arotake o tona mahi i rua pai, me te kino. Na fakamākukanga aru Casimir F. nga whakatau tata, i hoatu e kaipānui o ana pukapuka. tuhi ia: "Ahakoa te meka e te huru nuinga ki toku mahi condescendingly, ahau tonu i taea e kite e toku pūkete o etahi wā hītori whakapataritari Russia etahi tautohetohe i roto i te hapori. Na te meka e etahi o te iwi ta ratou whakapa he ki ahau o klevetnichestve te mua, i kore tere ahau. "

kairīpoata Polish me tumu kōrero, mate i roto i Paris i te 1935.

timata Tānga o ngā pukapuka Waliszewski i Russia i 1905, ka haere tonu tae noa ki te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. Ko anake i roto i te mutunga o 80-doma o resurfaced te rau tau whakamutunga moni o kaipānui i roto i tona mahi.