Pū aunoa Simonov: āhuatanga me photo

ABC-36 - pū aunoa Simonov, tukua i roto i te 1936. Tuatahi whakawhanakehia rite te patu whaiaro utanga-raiwhara, engari i nga kaihoahoa kua tapiritia whakapai ake rārangi pihinga aratau. Ko te pū aunoa tuatahi chambered hoki 7,62, i tangohia e te Soviet Union, me pū tuatahi o te ao i roto i tenei piha haapiiraa, tomo mahi i roto i te parau tumu. I roto i te whakamutunga pa te ABC-36 he torutoru noa nga marama i mua o te American M1 Garand. I teie mahana, ka titiro tatou ki te hītori o te hanga o te pū aunoa Simonov me ona tawhā hangarau matua.

hoahoa

I whakaurua te tauira tuatahi raiwhara aunoa Simonov i 1926. Ka arotakehia faaoti te komiti pū kaupapa S. G. Simonovym whakaarohia kore ki te tuku i enei patu ki te whakamātautau. I roto i te 1930, whakataetae i roto i te kaihoahoa ringa muri. whakataetae matua o Haimona i te hoahoa o raiwhara aunoa riro Fv Tokarev. I roto i te 1931, tonu ki te mahi i runga i te whakapai ake i tona raiwhara Simonov nui ona ake.

āhukahuka

Simonov pū aunoa āhua pai i whakamatauria i te pae, hua i roto i te gunsmiths Soviet faaoti ki te tuku i te puranga iti o ABC mo te whakamātautau ope whānui. Tukutahi ki te tuku o te puranga tuatahi i whakaekea ki te whakatū i te tukanga ki i te timatanga o 1934 ki te tīmata hanga tauine-tonu. whakaritea Tuku ki whakapumautia i roto i Izhevsk, haere i reira a Haimona tangata i roto i ki te āwhina i roto i te whakahaere o te tukanga whakaputa. I roto i te Maehe 1934, i te Komiti o Defence o te USSR ohi he taumira i runga i te ABC-36 te whanaketanga mō te hanga kaha i roto i te tau e haere ake.

E ai ki ngā hua whakamātautau 1935-1936 tauira tau kua whakamatauria Haimona tino pai atu i te tauira Tokarev. Na tenei ahakoa te meka e te tauira ABC motuhake i roto i te whakamātautau kore. I te mutunga o te kōmihana mātakitaki, te take o breakdowns parahi hokohoko koha, kahore hoahoa kohakore. Tohu o tenei ko nga Momo tuatahi o te pū, i i tū i waho te whati ki runga, ki te 27 mano pupuhi.

Te tautoko i

I roto i te 1936, he pū aunoa Simonov kua tangohia te USSR. ko ia te patu aunoa tuatahi i raro i te Army Whero pū kariri 7,62. taa ê ratonga tomo patu i te tauira rongoā hoahoa i muri.

I roto i te 1938, i whakakitea tuatahi nuitia ABC-36 i te parade hōia Day Mei. i patu ia ki pere Tuatahi Moscow Proletarian Division. I te Hui-tanguru 26 o taua tau, AI Bykhov, Kaiwhakahaere o te tipu Izhevsk, ka mea te ABC (pū aunoa Simonov) taukei tino, ka hoatu ki te production papatipu.

I muri mai, ka e tono Stalin ki hanga pū aunoa i waho te taea o te pupuhi i roto i te aratau aunoa, ABC-36 e te whakakapi e SVT-38. timata te take mo te taua he whakatau me te makanga o te ahi aunoa ki te whakaora matā.

A, no te mea kua tangohia ABC-36, kua tino nui haere te rōrahi o tona production. Na, i roto i te 1934, ka heke iho i te kape nekeneke 106, i roto i te tau 1935 - 286, i roto i te 1937 - 10280, a i roto i te 1938 - tonu 23401. Production tae noa ki 1940. E tenei wa i tukua ai tata 67 mano raiwhara.

hoahoa

hāngai ana te parau tumu whakahaere o te pū aunoa kei i runga i te wero o ngā haurehu paura. Ka taea e te tauira kopere e rua cartridges kotahi aratau aunoa ranei. Whakawhiti aratau pihinga mahi te mā te hua motuhake, kei runga i te taha ki matau o te kaiwhiwhi. Ko taketake aratau Takitahi. Koperea whakawhirinaki koe i roto i te hui o te tau iti o pū mīhini i roto i te wehenga. Ko te ahi tonu, tukua ana e ia nga hoia anake i roto i te wā tino ka reira te mea he whakaeke ohorere o te hoariri i te tawhiti iti iho i te 150 mita. I roto i tenei rarangi ka taea e koe te whakapau kaua e nui ake te 4 toa, i roto i te tikanga ki te karo pukā, me te kakahu o nga āhuatanga matua o te raiwhara.

whakahaeretia Gas whakaminenga, he kōkeke e kua he patunga poto, kei runga ake te oko. poraka poutū (poro), neke te take maukati i te i'ai o te kaiwhiwhi. deviates wae displacement Raina i te poutū e pā ana ki 5 °, ana i ngä tatara ā te marumaru. A, no te neke te poraka whakarunga, mai te reira ki kāniwha marumaru, me te tutakina te reira. puta te huaki ina squeezes te mamau hono nei te ki te wae hau kōkeke iho. Nā ki te meka e te wae maukati kei waenganui i te moheni, me te kōaro, i whangai nga cartridges ki te ruma i te ara roa, me te pari, maha hua i roto i takaroa. I tua atu, i te viivii ore o tenei kaiwhiwhi ngā kua faahiahia i roto i te roa me te matatini i roto i te hoahoa.

hoki i pū aunoa Simonov te kuwaha matatini, e noho i roto i: pupuhi titi ki te puna, wāhanga o te huarahi keu, me te taputapu protivootskoka. Putanga raiwhara i tukuna i mua 1936, pūrere keu rerekē, te tarai-atu, me te mutu vairaa i.

aratau shooting

E ai ki nga tohutohu, i āraia te waea aratau shooting e te kī motuhake, te uru ki nei i anake i roto i te kapa. I roto i te take motuhake, tukua ana e ia hoia ki te whakawhiti ratou raiwhara ki aratau aunoa. Mahi tohutohu piri ki nga hoia - he wāhi moot. He pārekareka ki te mōhio e i roto i te take o te pū Fyodorov tiki ki te ringa o te ahi translator taea anake hoia e kua haere te whakamātautau e tika ana. A i roto i te Pakanga Vietnam, koperea nga rangatira US tikanga kaiwhakamāori ki Hoia M14 raiwhara, i roto i te tikanga ki te karo i te taea o te mahi pakaru shooting, e, pera i roto i te take o te ABC-36, he ngā maumau i te whakahaere o te ahi ki reira. Koperea tūtohu ana i roto i te tūranga te maungārongo i te aratau aunoa, te mutu, me te prikladkoy taua rite ina pihinga i pū DP. Pihinga matā kotahi i te tu ranei e noho ana, e pupuri ana i te shooter pū i te raro o te taonga ki tona ringa maui.

tere o

auau Hangarau o pū aunoa ahi Simonov i pā ana ki 800 rauna ia meneti. I roto i te mahi, Heoi, ko nui raro tenei ahua. pere whakangungua ki te i mua tonu-toa whakaputa 25 rauna ia meneti rama kotahi 50 - rārangi, me 80 - te ahi tonu. i momo tuwhera sipe he whānuitanga tirohanga o i 100 ki te 1500 m, i roto i ngā āpiti o 100 m.

Ko te supply kariri

supply pū kariri i hanga i toa toronaihi wetekina, mau 15 rauna. meinga toa āhua i e whakamahia te aroaro o te awhi uaki i te kariri te. Ka taea e ō ngā toa kia motuhake e rua i te patu, a ki runga ki taua mea, i te topenga auau. Tauira o raiwhara i tukuna i mua 1936, hoki i taea te rawa ki toa i runga i te cartridges 10 me 20.

bayonet

rawa Trunk Simonov pū aunoa i ki te nui wahia, paraire , me Maunga te bayonet. I taea te piri putanga mua o te bayonet kore whakapae anake engari ano poro poutū whakararo. I roto i tenei ara i mahara ai ki te whakamahi rite te bipod ersatz kotahi-waewae mō te pihinga i roto i te tūranga e pängia ana. Heoi, ko te whakaahuatanga o te raiwhara, whakaputaina i roto i te tau 1937, opani taua whakamahi o bayonet-maripi, e tuhituhia hei utu kopere i roto i te aratau aunoa, me aro e takoto ana i runga i te pūreirei moenga ranei. I roto i te parau tumu, i tika tenei whakahou, hoatu e mai 1936 kore kimi pū ki te bayonet-parai. Te āhua, ātaahua i roto i te ariā i te whakaaro o te whakapai ake i te taumahinga o te ahanoa noa taua, pērā i te bayonet, i roto i te mahi, kua kore whakatikaia ano. I roto i te hīkoi bayonet faatia i roto i tona takotoranga titia ki tona toa whitiki, te wahi i noho ai ia, a ka pihinga.

āhuatanga hangarau

Simonov i pū aunoa nga tawhā e whai ake nei:

1. Taumaha ki bayonet me takotoranga, te tirohanga whatu me te taonga ki tonu cartridges - e pā ana ki 6 kg.
2. Taumaha o pū kahore pēneti, mātanga me te hokohoko - 4.050 kg.
3. toa Taumaha rawa - 0,675 kg.
4. Taumaha o te taonga kau - 0,350 kg.
5. takotoranga bayonet Mass - 0,550 kg.
6. titiro Taumaha ki taiapa - 0,725 kg.
7. Taiapa Taumaha - 0,145 kg.
8. wāhanga turanga papatipu (aukati me te marumaru hononga paratunu) - 0.5 kg.
9. kaha Magazine - 15 rauna.
10. Ërä - 7,62 mm.
11. Roa ki te bayonet - 1.520 m.
12. Roa, kahore bayonet - 1,260 m.
13. Ko te roa o te wahi oko pahuatia - 0.557 m.
14. Tau o ngā awaawa - 4.
15. Rere tiketike - 29.8 mm.
16. Ko te roa o te patunga marumaru - 130 mm.
17. ngā puhipuhi (kitenga) - 1500 m.
18. matā ngā Flight (pridelnyh) - 3000 m.
19. tere, paraire (tuatahi) - 840 m / s.
20. Auau o te ahi (Hangarau) - 800 rauna ia meneti.

mono

Haratua 22, kua 1938 kua whakaaturia te whakataetae i muri mo te whanaketanga o te pū āhua-aunoa hou, e hāngai ana i runga i te wero o ngā haurehu paura. I roto i te whakamātautau whakataetae, whakawhānui i te mutunga o te raumati ki te ngahuru wawe o te taua tau, tae pūnaha Haimona, Tokarev, Rukavishnikova me ētahi atu gunsmiths iti rongonui. I te mutunga o Noema i tū te whakamātautau whakamutunga, te hua o nei i roto i Hui-tanguru 1939 mō te mahi i roto i te Soviet Union ka mau te pū Tokarev, ka karanga CBT-38. I mua ki tenei, i runga i te 19 o Hānuere, ka mea a Simonov te whakakorenga o tōnounou katoa o tona raiwhara i roto i te tumanako kia hoatu e ratou ki a ia tetahi atu tupono. Na roto i te mutunga o te puna o te taua tau i hanga ai te kōmihana motuhake ki te aromatawai i te pūnaha Tokarev me Simonov i ngā o te whaihuanga ahumahi, me te ōhanga.

faaoti te reira i kitea CBT ki kia nui atu ohie, me iti iho utu ki te hanga. Otiia, ko te Komiti o Defence o te USSR, e tohe mo te rearmament tere, kihai i muri i te whakaaro o te production papatipu Tokarev raiwhara. Heoi oti tona kōrero Simonov raiwhara aunoa, te arotake hōia i ko te kaupapa o to tatou whakahaere.

Kua Tokarev production kua whakapumautia iti iho i te ono marama, me i Oketopa 1, 1939, i te putanga kerekere. whai wāhi te taahiraa tuatahi ko Tula tipu, e faatura tenei i roto i mutu hanga o raiwhara Mosin. I roto i te tau 1940 i te tauira maitai ano i Izhevsky ringa wheketere, i hua i mua AVS-36.

Ko te hua o te mahi

ABC-36 (pū aunoa Simonov tauira tau 1936) rite te katoa kihai i pono nui hoki te whakamahi papatipu i roto i te ope patu. hanga Ehara i te hoahoa ngāwari me te tokomaha nui o ngā āhua matatini tona production he utu rawa i roto i ngā o te wa, me ngā rauemi. I tua atu, tona tuku tata wāhanga katoa rapu tino mohio kaimahi.

hoahoa Rifles taea tona whakaminenga, kahore maukati kōwae. Ano, no te mea i taea e ara taua patu kopere. I roto i te take o te kaiwhiwhi pere e ngaro, a rere tika tonu hoki ki te shooter te rōpū kiriata. Te poro maukati taketake kore ano te mea e tika. I tua atu, maha takihala'i te ora o te keu.

Ki te katoa o tenei pū aunoa Simonov, tona hītori kua arotakengia matou, i mahara pera te tuatahi o ona patu ia ahua, tangohia e nga ringa nui a haere te whakamātautau i roto i ngā āhuatanga whawhai. Ia ka hoki te tauira tuatahi o patu i roto i te USSR, hanga pono i Engineers kāinga, taukei, ka hoatu ki roto ki production papatipu. Hoki tona wa ko ABC-36 he pū pai.

He pārekareka ki te mōhio e te Finnish pū Army horo Simonov pai raiwhara Tokarev SVT, i whakaaro ake pono.

putanga kaipupuhi

He tau iti i tukua i roto i te 1936, raiwhara kaipupuhi ABC. Mai maka te cartridges pau i runga, me te whakamua, kua whakaritea e kaihoahoa ki te mau i te taiapa ki te maui o te tuaka titiro whatu o te oko. Optics i te whāinga reticle ki e rua whakapae, me te kotahi miro poutū. i rite ki te 7.6 mm putanga tauira diameter, kua oho te reira atu i te taukamo i 85 mm. Kua nui haere te titiro te maha o whakapakoko i wha ngā wā. Ko te toenga o te putanga kaipupuhi kihai i rerekē i te pū tikanga aunoa Simonov, inapō whakaahua nei i ako maha patu.