Pūhui Heterocyclic: nomenclature me te whakarōpū

pūhui Heterocyclic te piha haapiiraa o pūhui mowhiti waro i roto i huringa i, i roto i te tua ki ngā ngota waro, kei atu ngota o ētahi atu āhuatanga matū, pera-ka karanga heteroatoms (heteros Kariki - - te tahi atu, te rua.): hāora (hei tauira, tuwhera, me te pyran), hauota (pyrrole me pyridine ), he whanariki (thiophene tiofenaldegid, thiopyran, thiazole), selenium (selenophene) etc.

Ko te heterocycles i hanga e te ngota me heteroatoms rua, neke atu rānei waro. E ai ki te ariā o Bayer hei heterocycles ātete anake i roto i aua wā, no te nga valencies ine o ngota hanga nga mowhiti, ko te koki iti o 109 ° 28 '. Hei tauira, te pūhui heterocyclic tino iu he heterocycles ki wā-toru, i roto i nei i reira ko te rāpoi ngota nui rawa taua ine - 24 ° 44 '(ethylene waikura, Tioxide ethylene me ethyleneimine).

Kei te whānui tohaina Heterocycles i roto i te natura. Ēnei ngā waikawa amino (tryptophan, carnosine, histidine), imino waikawa (proline me hydroxyproline), he purine (adenine me guanine) me pyrimidine (thymine, uracil me cytosine) turanga, taonga biologically nui o mea ora (heme, hemin, chlorophyll), pāhare ( kawhe me te atropine), paturopi (rongoā paturopi, gramicidin C, streptomycin), rongoā (norsulfazol me kawhe), sulfonamides (norsulfazol, streptocid), whakarewa organic (pyridine), warowaihā, waikawa karihi, pūmua, hormones, huaora, me maha atu matū nui.

Whakarōpū o te pūhui matū

E hāngai ana te whakarōpūtanga te i runga i te hanganga o heterocycles i roto i tona muingota e kua herea ia ngota waro ki te heteroatom (hetero) me ngota hauwai. E wehea Heterocycles me o ratou pärönaki ki ngā rōpū i runga i te maha o ngā ngota hanga te mowhiti (toru-, wha-, e pae, e ono-membered, etc.) rānei. I roto i te rōpū i ia i reira e iti-rōpū ki te kotahi, e rua e toru ranei, ngota hetero.

pūhui Heterocyclic i roto i te nuinga o te wā tuku ki na nomenclature hītori (pyridine, pyrrole, acridine). Mai i ngā ingoa hītori i hanga ingoa ratou pärönaki (pyridine-4-waikawa waikawa methylpyridine). Hei tohu i te tūranga o te substituent tau ngota heterocycles. kawea Tataunga i roto e ngota hetero ranei rawea, nga reta Kariki o te tātai reta, timata mai i te ngota waro tata ki te heteroatom - alpha, peta, gamma, me ētahi atu

pūhui Getorotsiklicheskie: nomenclature

A, no te whakaingoa o pūhui heterocyclic rite ki te IUPAC maha kiia o ngota i te heterocycle, tona hanganga, whakanohonga o substituents me ētahi atu āhuatanga (hei tauira, furfural kua te ingoa pūnahanaha tuwhera-2-carbaldehyde). Ko nga ingoa o pūhui heterocyclic tohua i roto i te tukanga whakaahuatanga mo ratou faaineineraa, āhuatanga me te uara.

Hoki heterocycles ngā waikura (hei tauira, ethylene waikura), anhydrides o dibasic waikawa kukū, me ētahi atu Te pūmautanga o heterocycles whakaaro i mua, tei runga i te maha o ngā ngota waro i roto i te heterocycle rāpoi ngota o heteroatoms me tona wāhi i roto i te heterocycle. He pūhui heterocyclic arā, o toru ranei wha huringa, e e ngāwari pakaru, ka riro pūhui acyclic te iti rawa ātete. He he he rota o pūhui heterocyclic, rāpoi huringa o ratou kainga, huringa rite benzenovogo matua. Ko ratou te huānga hanganga tuatahi o maha biosoedineny o faufaa mo ahumahi, rongoa me te kararehe.

Matū o Heterocyclic pūhui

Ko te āhuatanga matū o te rima-membered (thiophene me pärönaki ona) heterocycles tika ki te aroaro i roto i to ratou rāpoi ngota pi-pūnaha o irahiko te taikaha, e faarahi ratou aromaticity. Ina whakaritea ki benzene thiophene ngāwari tauhohe whakakapinga electrophilic.