He aha te mea Embryology? Ko tirohia te pūtaiao o te Embryology?

rarawhi Science Biology he momo o ngā kaupapa koa, no te mea ki te kotahi te ako pakeke awhi i te kanorau katoa o ora, me te ako i te koiora whānui katoa e whakarato ana tatou ki to tatou paraneta.

Katoa pūtaiao, i roto i te tahuri, ano he tetahi whakarōpū o te wāhanga e pā ana ki te whakatau o tetahi raruraru. Ko te kupu, puta reira e kei raro i te mana tonu o te tangata ora katoa e mohiotia ki a ratou, whakaritea, ako me te whakamahia hoki ratou ake hiahia.

Ko tētahi o ēnei akoranga ko ki Embryology, e he, a ka haere tonu i te reira.

Embryology - sciences koiora

He aha te mea Embryology? He aha e te reira, me aha akoranga? Embryology - te pūtaiao e tūhura te wahi o te kaiao ora mai te hanganga o te whakatō kākano (nga wairakau hua) me te huringa ora ki te whanautanga. Ko te tukanga katoa o ako te whanaketanga embryonic i taipitopito, mai wāhinga maha o ngā pūtau wairakau (gastrula atamira) me te aroaro o te whanau o te tinana oti.

Ko te ahanoa me te kaupapa o te ako

Ko te ahanoa o tenei pūtaiao he embryos (embryos) o te kaiao e whai ake nei:

1. Plants.
2. Animals.
3. Tangata.

Ko te kaupapa o te ako o Embryology e te whai ake ngā tukanga:

1. Cell wehenga i muri i te kikiritanga.
2. Ko te hanganga o toru paparanga iroriki i roto i te ira o te heke mai.
3. kōwhao coelomic Mātauranga.
4. Hanganga o te hangarite kukune heke mai.
5. Ko te ahua o te anga a tawhio noa te ira, tango wahi i roto i tona hanganga.
6. mana Mātauranga me ratou pūnaha.

Ki te titiro koe i te ahanoa me te kaupapa o te ako o tenei pūtaiao, riro te reira atu mārama he aha te Embryology me aha e te reira.

Whāinga me Whāinga

Ko te whāinga matua e e peredsoboy tenei pūtaiao - ki te whakarato i whakautu ki ngā pātai e pā ana ki te putanga o te ora i runga i to tatou paraneta, pehea ko te hanganga o te rauropi multicellular, pehea ko nga ture o te natura organic raro ki nga tukanga katoa o te hanganga me te whanaketanga o te kukune, me te aha ngā āhuatanga me me pehea ki te pā i tēnei hanganga.

No te faatupu i te opuaraa o te pūtaiao Embryology o nga mahi e whai ake nei:

1. He ako taipitopito o ngā tukanga progeneza (hanganga o tohuhema tane me te wahine - oogenesis me spermatogenesis).
2. Examination o nga huarahi o te hanganga me te atu hanganga kukune kākano tae noa ki te kau o tona tuku ki te waho (te pao o nga hua, i nga hua ranei te whanautanga o te marama).
3. Ko te ako o te huringa pūtau tonu i runga i te taumata rāpoi, te whakamahi i teitei-taumira taputapu hou.
4. Examination me rite o nga pūtau tikanga i roto i ngā tukanga noa, me te pathological i roto i te tikanga ki te whiwhi mōhiohio nui mō te rongoa.

Whakaoti i te raruraru i runga, me te whakatutuki i te whāinga, ka taea ki te neke taata whakamua i roto i te māramatanga o nga ture taiao o te ao organic, me te ki te kitea rongoā ki ngā raruraru maha i roto i te rongoā, i roto i ngā e pā ana ki te pākoko, me te whanau te pūtaiao o te Embryology.

History o te whanaketanga

Whanaketanga o te Embryology rite te pūtaiao, haere i roto i te ara matatini, me te tataramoa. tīmata te reira i katoa ki rua pūtaiao nui me philosopho o te wā katoa - Aristotle me Hipokeletisí. A ko reira i runga i te pūtake o te Embryology i ātete ratou ki nga whakaaro o tetahi ki tetahi.

Hei tauira, ko Hipokeletisí he kaitautoko o te ariā, kua vai nei mo te wa roa, tae noa ki te rau tau XVII. I huaina te reira "preformation" me tona ngako ko e whai ake. Kei te piki haere katoa kaiao noho i roto i te rahi i runga i te wā, engari e kore e hanga i roto i tetahi hanganga hou, i nga okana. No te mea e kua tinana katoa i roto i te puka oti, engari nui iti, kei roto i te pūtau uri toa, he uha ranei (ki konei, e kore e tautuhi ïa te kaitautoko o te ariā i roto i o ratou whakaaro: etahi whakaaro e te taua katoa i roto i te wahine, te tahi atu tane i roto i te whare herehere). Ko te kupu, puta reira e tupu te kukune tika tinana rite katoa whiwhi i te papa whaea ranei.

Hoki kaiwhakahau i muri o tenei ariā ko Sharl Bonne, Marcello Malpighi, me ētahi atu.

Aristotle, i runga i te anga ke, ko te hoariri o te ariā o te preformation me kaitautoko o te ariā epigenetic. Ko te matü o reira ko tenei: ko te tinana katoa, me ngā āhuatanga hanganga o kaiao i hanga i roto i te ira āta ora, i raro i te mana o ngā āhuatanga taiao me te taiao ā-. kua kaiwhakahau o tenei ariā nuinga aivanaa o te Renaissance, arahina e Georges Buffon, Karlom Berom.

Mau Embryology rite te pūtaiao puta i roto i te rau tau XVIII. Just na reira ko te raupapa o ngā āhuatanga ngingila, i whakaaetia ki te tātari me te whakarāpopoto i te rauemi putu, ka paheko reira ki te ariā pipiri.

1. 1759 K. Wolff whakaahua ana te aroaro, me te hanganga i roto i te whanaketanga embryonic o te paparanga iroriki heihei, ka taea e hoatu ara ki ngā hanganga hou me tinana.
2. 1827 Carl Baer oroko te whāngote hua manu. whakaputaina e ia ano tana mahi, e whakaahua ana i te hanganga āta o paparanga iroriki, a he mana i roto i te tukanga o te whanaketanga o te manu.
3. Carl Baer heheu ritenga i roto i te hanganga embryonic o manu, ngokingoki me kararehe, e taea ki a ia te utu i te whakatau mutunga e pā ana ki te kotahitanga o te takenga mai o ngā momo, me te tautuhi i ō rātou tika (Baer): whanaketanga o kaiao i takea mai i te whānui ki te ngā. Ko, te tīmatanga ko te taua nga hanganga katoa, ahakoa o te momo, atawhai piha ranei. Na anake ki te wahi o te wā i reira he whäiti takitahi o ia mea.

I muri i enei āhuatanga, me ngā whakamārama o te ako e timata ki te riro torohaki i roto i te whanaketanga. Embryology i hanga o te whai tuaiwi me hātaretare kararehe, otaota me te tangata.

Embryology hou

I te wā nei o te whanaketanga kite te mahi matua o te Embryology whakakitea te uho o tikanga pārōnaki pūtau i roto i ngā kaiao multicellular, te heheu mai i te āhuatanga o te pānga o ngā tauhohenga i runga i te whanaketanga o te ira. utua hoki aro nui te ki te ako o nga tikanga o ngā āhuatanga pathological me ratou pānga i runga i te whanaketanga o te ira.

Whakatutukinga o te pūtaiao hou, taea kakato ange whakaatu i te take o te mea Embryology, he rite whai:

1. tāutuhia DP Filatov nga tikanga o te mana tahi o ngā hanganga pūtau ki ia atu i roto i te tukanga o te whanaketanga embryonic, Embryology raraunga e hāngai ana ki te rauemi ariā o te ariā kunenga.
2. whakawhanakehia Severtsev te parau haapiiraa o recapitulation, te ngako o te mea e recapitulates ontogeny phylogeny.
3. hanga P. P. Ivanov te ariā o wāhanga tinana piri i roto i protostomes kararehe.
4. Svetlov formulates tikanga ki turama i te tino matatini, taime tino o te embryogenesis.

I roto i tenei Embryology hou e kore e mutu, ka haere tonu ki te tūhura me te kitea e ngā tauira hou me huarahi o nga turanga cytogenetic pūtau.

Communication ki ētahi atu sciences

Turanga o Embryology pā tata ki te tahi atu mau ihi. I muri i te katoa, anake te whakamahi integrated o raraunga ariā o pekanga whakauru katoa taea ki a koe te tiki hua tino nui, me te hanga whakatau nui.

Ki te pūtaiao e whai ake whanaunga tata Embryology:

• histology;
• cytology;
• iranga;
• matūora;
• koiora rāpoi;
• anatomy;
• whaiaroaro;
• rongoā.

Enei Embryology he pūtake nui mo enei pūtaiao, me te hurihia. Ko, e rua-ara kōrero, tahi.

wāhanga Embryology Classification

Embryology - te pūtaiao e Akoranga kore anake te hanganga o te ira, engari tohuwāhi i hoki katoa o ona hanganga me ona ahua o mua te takenga o ngā pūtau iroriki. I tua atu, i te hōkai o tona ako ngā, me ngā āhuatanga physico-matū e pā te kukune. Na reira, he taua rōrahi ariā tiketike o te rauemi e whakaaetia ki te hanga i te maha ngā wāhanga o tenei pūtaiao:

1. Embryology General.
2. Whakamātau.
3. Tauritenga.
4. Taiao.
5. ōmataora whanaketanga.

Methods o ako pūtaiao

I roto i te Embryology, pera i roto i te tahi atu mau ihi, he ona ake tikanga o ako te take ngā.

1. Microscopy (hiko, te marama).
2. tae ngā hanganga tikanga.
3. aroturuki Intravital (aroturuki o nekehanga morphogenetic).
4. histochemistry Taupānga.
5. Kupu Whakataki o radioisotopes.
6. tikanga matüora.
7. Parts tuakitanga o te ira.

Ko te ako o te kukune tangata

Embryology tangata ko tetahi o te wāhanga tino nui o tenei pūtaiao, no te mea te whakawhetai ki te iwi maha nga hua o tona rangahau taea whakaoti maha ngā raruraru hauora.

rite aha te ako i te ako?

1. tukanga hanganga Wāhanga-karihi o te tangata, e ngā rave rahi ngā wāhanga matua - kuru, gastrulation, histogenesis me organogenesis.
2. Hanganga o ngā pathologies i roto i embryogenesis me o ratou take.
3. Pānga o ngā āhuatanga tinana, me te matū i runga i kukune tangata.
4. Ko te taea o te hanga āhuatanga horihori hoki nucleation me te introduction o āpiha matū ki te mau i te tauhohe ki a ratou.

faufaa o te pūtaiao

homai Embryology te whai wāhi ki te ako i ēnei āhuatanga o te hanganga o embryos, pērā i:

• ngā o tinana mātauranga me o ratou pūnaha o paparanga iroriki;
• te taime tino nui o ontogeny o te kukune;
• e pā ratou hanganga me pehea ki te whakahaere i te reira mo nga hiahia o te tangata.

Tona rangahau i roto i te taha ki te raraunga i ētahi atu sciences tukua te taata ki te whakaoti rapanga nui o te mahere hauora, me te kararehe ao.

Ko te tūranga o te ako mō ngā iwi

He aha te mea Embryology tangata hoki? He aha homai e ia ki a ia? He aha e hiahia ana koe tona whanaketanga me te ako?

Tuatahi, rangahau Embryology me taea matou ki te whakaoti rapanga hou o te kikiritanga me te hanganga o te karihi. I teie mahana, na reira, whakawhanakehia matou tikanga o horihori insemination, surrogacy, a na i runga i.

Tuarua, tukua tikanga Embryology ki matapae i te kōhikohiko taea katoa o te kukune, a ki te ārai ia ratou.

Ka taea e te toru, embryologists hanga me te tono i te tikanga i runga i te mehua ārai ki te tahe me te hapū i te pūkano, a faaohipa mana ki runga i hapu.

Ko reira e kore katoa nga painga kōrero ako mō te tangata. Ko te pūtaiao tere whakawhanake, tona heke mai he ano ki te haere mai.