Pūnaha pere, "Hatana." "Hatana" - te pere karihi kaha tino i roto i te ao

ahu tatou pūnaha patu ki te hei ingoa waitara me kūpapa, i roto i te take o ngā turuturu wāhanga iti maramarama rangatira o ngā ratonga maramarama ke mea. Tangohia, hei tauira, te taua "Poplar" ranei "Ash". Trees rite rakau. A, ki te kahore, "Pinocchio" etahi tino mīharo. Ko reira te mea he patu e i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru, a ka kua karangatia e matou hinana: "Hatana" - pūnaha pere o te toru o nga whakatupuranga, te ia 15P018, aka P-36, hoki e mohiotia ana te SS-18, ano e mohiotia ana ko RS-20e, hoki e mohiotia ana " voivod ". he mano tini o ngā ingoa mo te take. Soviet whakamahi waehere roto tohunga NATO kua tuku iho i riro, haere ake ratou ki to ratou ake ti'araa o ia tauira o to tatou taputapu, he te tikanga tino te kinokore hoki reira. Na te aha e ratou pera wehi o 15P018 me he aha nga Ameliká tenei paroro - pere "Hatana"?

Ko te iwi ringa hei mea o te fakaaoao

Te hanga missiles ballistic matatini - he utu, hangarau tiketike, me te hangarau mātanga. Hei faahepo i te Soviet Union ki whai wāhi i roto i te iwi ringa kua roa kua he whāinga o nga minitatanga US i ngā wā rerekē, i Truman ki Reagan. Hoki ngā take, kua tonu kua Amerika atu te Soviet Union taonga, a mau iho tana moni ngako te mutunga wikitoria pümau i roto i te Cold War. Ki te whānuitanga nui i tenei ra, pā tenei kaupapa ki te Russia hou.

To tatou whakahoki ki Ameliká

Na roto e pā ana ki 1965 kua nui haere te kaha o missiles fakavaha'akonitinēnití American tino, me te tahi atu tawhā hangarau, tae atu i te tika hit. Tenei fai te riri ki te launchers Soviet, te nuinga o nei i reira whakaritea ka tūnga i roto i e hāngai nga maina i roto i te wāhi o te parau tumu rōpū whakahaere. Ko te kupu, he ICBM American i roto i te take o te hit angitu e taea hipokina e rave rahi Soviet, i kore ano i te wa ki te tīmata. hiahiatia wawe ki te whakautu ki te riri. Huaputa He rua launchers E ruia ana, ngahaú whakapakeke, ranei kia pūkoro ratou, i whakaū i te mana nui, a reira te taimaha me āhuatanga. Otiia i roto i te tau o āmiorangi he uaua ki te huna i te kaupapa o te complexes whakarewatanga pūkoro. Raruraru rapu rongoā. Ko te hua ko te P-36 "Hatana" - te pere karihi kaha tino i roto i te ao.

Utkin nui

Academician Vladimir Fedorovich Utkin i roto i te ora o te tangata rongonui kihai i. Ko ana hoa, hoa, hoa me kaiwhakahaere o mua, te tuhituhi i te nuku 17 ra whanau o tona rangatira, e kore feaa karanga reira poto. Na i reira te he take mo taua. I raro i i hanga te arata'iraa o tenei pūtaiao pūnaha pere, "a Hatana," ranei, kaua, (hoatu fakatēvolo academician ingoa brainchild nga Ameliká) 15P018. tīmata te reira i katoa ki te ariā whānui, ka e wehea ai ki raruraru hangarau takitahi, katoa o nei i pai te whakatau.

pūnaha pere "Hatana" - kei te tino matatini, me mahi i te pūnaha tona wae ia i roto i te au maite, me tetahi kore i taea e arahi ki hopearaa tūnguru. I tua atu, ka mahara te patu kino ki te tīmata i rua nga ngahaú pahoho me ki tüäpapa rerewe motuhake, ke ana rite waka noa.

Me pēhea te ki te whakarewa i te tākirirangi taimaha i te aku

hanga te tinana pere e o konumohe, me te konupora - he whakarewa tika ngohengohe. matotoru taiepa - 3 mm, te kore e kia taimaha rawa te anga. missiles Taumaha - neke atu i te 210 taranata, a me rere te reira i te take hohonu. Ko reira ngāwari ki te whakaaro te mea e tupu ki te haamata i te taua kaupapa uaua, te wahine whakatarapi ki te horoi ki te hau whero-wera mawhiti i te nozzles. Roto - 195 taranata o wahie, e kore noa wahie, me te taikaha. Otiia e kore e katoa te e. Ko te upoko o te patu karihi kei roto i te kaha o te wha Hiroshima.

Tenei te he raruraru hangarau. Na faaoti ona Engineers Soviet. Rocket pai a ata mawehe atu ki te mata o te toru tiaki propellant motuhake, ka karanga nga accumulators pēhanga whakaara i tekau o mita, me muri anake i pretreated ( "patu") tīmata engines tīmata atamira.

tukua ano tenei otinga ki te whakapiki ake i tino te pūtoro whawhai o te pūnaha. I te upooti'araa tuatahi mahara pau nui o te wahie, i roto i tenei take, tona whakaoranga ko e pā ana ki 9 tana.

Ko tetahi tauira noa o rongoā aroha noa faahoho'araa o te maramarama o te Utkin nui tenei. He tokomaha o ratou e kua haere te pukapuka katoa ki te whakaahua i te tahi atu. Pea multivolume.

tereina karihi whakamataku

ka karanga No miharo te Soviet Union i te kaha rerewē nui. ue'i tawhiti roa ki te hanga i te aho whakakorekore i te tere inä noa Tsarist Russia, i roto i atu tau Soviet i rite raina hou, te uhi i te rohe katoa o to tatou whatunga rori whenua. Day me te po, i runga i a ratou he tito, i roto i nei e kore e taea e tetahi wehewehe i waenganui i te hunga i raro i te tuanui o te waka i piri maha megasmerti. pūnaha Mobile, "Hatana" taea te hāngai i runga i te turanga reriwe, ke ana hei tereina noa, e wehewehe ana i te mua e kore e taea e te amiorangi tirohia, tino matatau. O te akoranga, e kore e whakaaetia te taimaha o 130 taranata Pūwhakarewa ki te whakamahi i te kuware kararehe awhiowhio, na e i roto i te tua ki te wero hangarau i ki kia whakatutuki me te waka, a i roto i te tauine Union. Kua puta ke takotoranga rakau ki te hunga raima, te kounga me te mauroa o te kakahu kawea ki te taumata teitei, no te mea hohoro taea tetahi aituā tahuri ki te kino. Rocket Pūwhakarewa "Hatana" kua he roa o 23 mita, i raro i tika i te rahi o te motokā pouaka, engari i te fairing ki te whakawhanake i motuhake - he hanganga kotuituitanga. He ko atu raruraru, engari whakatikaia te hua nga utu. taea te tono utu i roto i te wāhi ohorere, me i konei i fakapapau'i me mooni.

tākirirangi

Tikanga matenga wahi tuku, e kua whakaritea i roto i te tiaki karihi, tohu he rua-wā pere fakavaha'akonitinēnití wāhi tawhiti nei he wāhi o 300 kiromita tapawha. Ko te taea ki te hinga i te rohe o tiketike-mahi me ngā pūnaha pere korero heke mai, a ka patua take rerekē tekau wehe nga wāhanga o te kaha katoa i roto i ngā o waru mekatoni TNT ia. E haamou i tona pānga i muri i rere tata taea, hoki i riro ia rite te ingoa tangi tiori - "Hatana". rite rawa pūnaha pere e ki mano o ngā, whaihanga warheads karihi. Kotahi tekau o ratou i te tata papatipu ki te tiaki tūturu me te toenga e hanga o te kirihou metallized ka tango i te ahua o warheads, pupuhi i roto i te vacuo stratospheric. e kore e taea e kore pūnaha korero pere akakoromaki i ngā whāinga na tokomaha.

roro hiko

whai wāhi pūnaha whakahaere whanaketanga i te Designer Tuarua General Vladimir Sergeev. Kei te hanga te reira i runga i te parau tumu inertial, kua reira e toru takere me mazhoritirovanie ATE. Tenei te tikanga e taki te pūnaha ia na roto i te whakaputa i te whakamātautau-whaiaro. Ki te riro whakahaere tetahi hua ōritengakore hongere, kua pai te haere i te whakamātautau. whakaaro atanga taura me te kore i ngā rārangi maitai pono o te kore kōrero tuhia ara kotahi i roto i te wa katoa, i roto i nei te pūnaha pere R-36M "Hatana" kei roto i te mahi.

ritenga Ameliká

Te hōtaka, whakarewahia i roto i te US, ka mohiotia rite te rautaki Defence Initiative, e hāngai ana ki te waihanga i tētahi ao "hamarara" e e taea ki te tiaki i te whenua "ao free", a rawa te United States, te mau hopearaa o te patu thermonuclear rautipu i te hui o te pakanga ao. pūnaha pere rautaki 15P018 ( "Hatana") e tino huia o tikanga tenei kaupapa. No korero anti-pere, ara ki te āhuatanga e hāngai ana wāhi-utu, e kia taea ki te kī i te hinga haumaru o ngā i runga i te rohe o te USSR American "Pershing". Takekore ki te mea, i meinga tenei oto i roto i nga tangata o te Whare White me te kingitanga. Kopere ki patu, enei complexes, ko te kaiārahi Soviet i roto i kahore hohoro, whakapono e whakarato ratou he whakangungu rakau karihi pono. Engari hoatu te mea i roto i te motini i muri i tango i runga i te "koropuku" me te timatanga o perestroika.

Kia pehea te tukinotia "Hatana"

tuarua katoa Pūwhakarewa tākirirangi "Hatana" huna i raro i nga ngā o te Timata-1 tiriti, hainatia e te General Hekeretari o te CPSU M. S. Gorbachevym. I muri i te parariraa o te USSR tonu te take Russian te peresideni B. N. Eltsin. I roto i te tika kia tuhia te reira i te meka e te decommissioning me tikanga muri o missiles warhead maha i hanga e kore anake te mea o te pēhanga i te taha American tinihanga motu ranei (rite tohe faateiteihia tōtu'a hoa tangata tāmau whenua). i tawhiti atu prosaic nga take a nga ōhanga i roto i te natura. E kore pūtea o te whenua i mau tonu i te taua taumata tiketike o te whakapaunga hōia, i ngā whakapaunga i runga i te tiaki me te ara whakahuatia. A kahore ratou i taea tupu te reira tetahi Chernobyl, tawhiti atu whakamataku anake. pūnaha pere "Hatana" ko he pārurenga o te hepohepo whānui i haere tahi te mimiti haere o te Soviet Union.

te Rangimarie

Kia i runga i te rohe o te kotahi mutu USSR tetahi āhua taitamariki, ohorere kitea e hanga, rangahau me te whakamātau ope katoa i hanga matatini e tino Ukrainian. kua meinga whanaketanga atu, me te te hanga pūnaha korero kaha e taea, i te iti rawa i roto i te wā poto.

missiles Decommissioning kino hoki Ameliká kore te tikanga o te kanga i runga i tona whakamahi mō ngā take i tua atu i te rangatira i tere ki te tango i te rawa o te kape hou. Ko te take ki te rongonui "Te Tai Rāwhiti" Ka rite ki, ko te waka tahuri, i whakamahia ai mō te whakarewa o taonga arumoni me te pūtaiao, tae atu ki ngā mea ke. He aha ki te mahi? A, no te Me te whenua te moni, ka haere i te akoranga me te "Hatana." Intercontinental pere ballistic i roto i te wā i te tau 1999 ki te 2010 i runga i te hōtaka "Dnepr" kawea wha āmiorangi tatini ki ohuraa. ka mau te whakarewanga wahi 14, o nei tetahi i tutuki.

"Voivod"

I roto i te mutunga o nga eighties, kua R-36M pere ao hōu kua hanga i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapiki ake i tona ātete ki te pānga o te whawhai karihi taea, me te ki te whakapai ake i mahi i roto i ngā o te tika. I tua atu, i te whakahounga hiahiatia i roto i te tirohanga o te āhuatanga hou o te hou pūnaha ārai US pere. Kua pai te CB "South" (Dnepropetrovsk) tāia ki ki te mahi, te hua o te mahi ko te 15A18M hua i huaina "Voivode". I roto i te tuhi ake te kuputuhi o te Timata-1, e māngai reira e waehere "RS-20e", engari i roto i te ngako i reira te pūnaha pere taua, "Hatana", engari hou.

Ko te huringa i roto i te āhuatanga ao, ua faaite i roto i te whai o te kaiārahi NATO, a matua te United States, te pokepoke i tou turanga rite tata rite taea ki te rohe o Russia, ue'i ki te whakahou i nga ngā o te Timata-2, e kore i nei i haere te whakatūturutanga, i roto i te wahi e āwangawanga tini ICBMs. 15A18M missiles (monoblocks hōia), e tu ana i runga i te ohipa i te kau, ka whakakapi e hou Russian "Sarmat" complexes, nehenehe o mau ana warheads maha. Ko e ratou he kōrero rerekē ...