"Tunguska" (rangi korero pūnaha pere-pū): whakaahuatanga o te āhuatanga matua o

Ki te whakapai ake o te rangi whakaeke hoariri pea i roto i te mutunga o nga Heoi hiahiatia reira pūnaha rangi korero hou. Ia o nga tikanga o tohe whāinga rere he ona painga, engari ehara i te mea oti, me te kahore paruparu. Ko tētahi o nga nganatanga ki te waihanga i tētahi patu pūkenga e taea o whakangaro ngā taumata i tiketike rerekē, ka IRC Soviet "Tunguska", neke i kīia e rerekē. Ko te take i muri i tenei codename, a he aha i nga preconditions o tona ahua i roto i te mahi, ka e kōrero i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Rocket-antiaircraft pū pū ranei?

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XX, ka nga tikanga matua o te korero te tākirirangi. Ko tōna painga kitea i roto i te kōrero rongonui i roto i te 1960, ka te manureva tirohia, rere i runga i te wahi tiketike a mohoa roaahia'tu, i koperea iho i te korero rangi Soviet. I te tere o atu missiles atu tetahi anga pūrepo, a riro te reira teitei. He ia, Heoi, he drawback nui - te utu, engari mo ia, ka i reira te mea he pātai o rohe rangi haumaru, e kore e tu. I roto i te wawe 80-doma o te Army Soviet ko rangi korero pere-pū matatini 2C6 "Tunguska", i te mea he matatini neke, te whakakotahi me te pere me te pū patu. kihai i taua e taea, te whakakotahi "e rua i roto i te kotahi" i taua wa i te pūnaha rangi korero kotahi i roto i te ao. I roto i te tikanga ki te ite i te hiahia akiaki mo te puka taua o ringa, ka mau te tātaritanga pakari o pakanga hōia o nāianei i tangohia e wahi reira, whakawhetai, ki tua atu i te rohe o to matou whenua.

Experience o te whakamahi i SLM me te ariā whānui o te "Tunguska"

I roto i 1973, te Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti. I roto i te po nohopuku, War ra, Soviet rangatira tohunga āwhina Arab whenua-kaiuru o te pakanga, tae atu ki Ihipa.

teihana nuku 15 aroturuki Ihipa i körerotia tata i te rōpū Mediterranean o Iseraela "Phantoms", arā, o pinepine o rererangi. Ko ratou i te teitei iti, haere mai i runga i te awa Delta.

Ko te whāinga o te hoariri i airfields Ihipiana. Na tamata Iharaira Air Force kaiurungi ki te karo i te tūpono o te patua e te missiles anti-rererangi o hanga Soviet, nehenehe o patu rererangi e rere i te reo, me te tiketike altitudes, engari kei te tatari ratou mo te ohorere kino. I roto i te takoha maha i te kongutu o te awa tawhito ki te Ihipiana moana whakanohoia ki runga ki mōkihi, pontoons anti-rererangi "Shilka" pū whaiaro-tīhokatia, fuselages plane mooni vsporovshie me "Phantom" ki to ratou pu tere-pupuhi. i enei ZSU ratou ake hihiani me te aunoatanga rawa pai, tauturu aratohu hāngai ahi, a ka whakamahia ano hoki nga hoia Vietnamese Te Tai Tokerau i roto i te whakaata o te fakaaoao American. riro te reira i ZSU "Tunguska" I roto i te tikanga, tona kainga. a SAM rangi korero whāititanga i runga i te rohe o raro o te tiketike, me te tāuta anti-rererangi whaiaro-tīhokatia - i runga i te tihi. A i roto i te Soviet Union faaoti ki te whakakotahi i te kaha o enei momo e rua o ngā rawa rangi korero i roto i te pūnaha kotahi.

Ingoa Tūturu me te whakarerekē

tomo te matatini mahi ki te Army Soviet i 1982, i muri tonu i te tuku o te Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant MCI tuatahi puranga whakamātautau o mihini. Mai i te tīmatanga, whakarōpūtia te kaupapa i runga ngaro, whakamārama tenei etahi o nga rerekētanga i roto i te waehere, tau, me pukapuka, i whakaritea e ia i roto i te rohe whānui. I te tahi taime puta te ingoa i roto i te 2S16 press ( "Tunguska"). tika denoted Air pūnaha korero pere 2C6, āhua, i reira ko he hapa typographical, ahakoa ko reira taea e te "16" - he ano hoki etahi ahua. He haere tonu te whakapai ake o te taputapu hōia, he mea mahi noa i roto i te mano katoa o te ao. puta ia "Tunguska-M" i roto i te 1990. Kua pūnaha pū-pere Antiaircraft kua ake a ka he kaupapa whakahaere hou, e ngā he rangefinder taiaho, te tokoingoa o "hoa hoariri ranei", me kua riro te tipu te mana wae mana pŭpŭ tauturu tārua.

Kua whakawhanakehia mahi ao hōu, a i muri i te tiango Soviet i roto i 90 pakeke. Ko te hua o te ratou ka pu-pere matatini "Tunguska-M1", ka te whākinga o e wātea ana e tika ana ki te meka i kaweake tenei whakarerekētanga, i roto i ngā i roto i India. Ko te waehere whakamahia tino maha - 2K22. Tenei ti'araa IRC wheketere "Tunguska". pūnaha pū-pere Antiaircraft he "ingoa" NATO - "SA-19 Grison".

kanohi Electronic me te roro

Mai i te ingoa o te matatini ko reira mārama e ngā ona rākau o te riri o e rua wāhanga - te pū, me te anti-rererangi pere. Rua o enei āhuatanga i pūnaha arata'iraa takitahi, engari te hihiani, ki te whakarite i te rere o te kōrero i runga i te āhuatanga rangi, faaite ratou (rua-ropu). Ko enei te "kanohi" e rapu mō whakaaro i roto i te aratau porowhita. Kei te whakaratohia teihana rārangi tiaki Rängai, a i roto i te take o te pea o te whakapā ataata he manakohia, me te whakamahi o te tikanga optical.

Ko e kore anake e taea ki te whakatau i to koutou ake ranei te tangata o atu te pūnaha hou waka, engari ano ki te pūrongo reliably tona iwi ki te tawhiti o 18 km.

2C6 (ZRPK 2S16 ranei) "Tunguska" taea arahi aroturuki ngā whāinga irirangi i runga i te maha o ngā hātepe (puhoi, e toru-tuaka koki e rua-taunga), mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga i to ratou ake hihiani teihana hihiani waho ranei. mahi te reira i te tātai tika hanga TSEVM poari. kawea awatea etahi ara mana puoro puhipuhi ranei i roto i aunoa, i runga i te counter hiko, me te taumata raweketia rānei. Ki te he e kore e taea ki te hanga tātai aunoa ahi kei roto i te aratau ā-.

pū

whakaaturia whaiaro-tīhokatia anti-rererangi tāutanga "Shilka" (ZSU-23-4) kua ki kia tino whai hua, engari na te mutunga o nga 70 mutu reira ki te whakatau i te āhuatanga mahi o te hōia Soviet. Kei te aroaro o Kerēme matua ki iti ërä (22 mm), ai lesion pūtoro āhua iti. ZRPK pū 2S16 "Tunguska" tridtsatimillimetrovye atu kaha, me to ratou tokomaha heke i te hawhe, ka ratou e rua. Ko rite tenei te take, no te iti te mea pai. Kua nui haere te whānuitanga puhipuhi i 2.5 ki te 8 km, me kaha o te ahi, ahakoa te maha o raro o kakau, nui haere i 3.4 ki te 5 rauna ia meneti.

missiles

Ko te patu matua o te matatini - he 9M311 pere rua-wā-te mana. whakaritea e ia rawa ngā. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi - wahie totoka, ko te ringaringa kaka Kōmāmā ki tonu i te wahie. I roto i te wahi tuarua, hinga te whakaaro o e mau ana i roto i te tika, kahore he pūkaha, neke te reira rite te tītere pū ki te ngātere i whiwhi i roto i whakatere, engari e taea te whakahaere i te reira e tika ana ki te generator hau tikanga i roto i te wahi hiawero. Communication ki te teihana mana pere - whatu e whakarato ana i te wātea i te mate tino. kawea te whāinga i roto i roto i te aratau semiautomatic te whakamahi i whakahau irirangi Tuhituhia iarere tāuta tonu i mua i te tīmata ki ZRPK "Tunguska". Air korero pūnaha pere-pū o tona circuitry faaore te taea o te haukoti hiko, me te tuku anō missiles. Ki te whakarite i te hinga o te patu i te ūnga e kore e hiahiatia ana, te wiki whakarato huānga Tūrongo, roha tokotoko i te tawhiti e hiahiatia ana i roto i te aratau contactless. Waru launchers.

huriaro

Ko te nekeneke o ngā huānga rangi korero i roto i te wāhi frontal mō te mahi i, i roto i te meka, ko te matatini, taea kahore te taputapu kaha, pono, me te tiketike-tere ki te waka nui. I roto i te tikanga ki te karo whakapaunga faufaa, i whakaritea e te reira ki te Maunga anti-rererangi pūnaha pere me pū 2K22 "Tunguska" i roto i te tahuhu o te GM-352 whakawhanakehia mua whaiaro-tīhokatia "te wāpu". Ko te mīhini tere i whanake haere te huanui, - 65 km / h, i roto i te whenua atu-ara ranei tāmi reira fakanatula raro (i te 10 ki te 40 km / h). Ko te kaha diesel pūkaha-46-2S1 710 rita. he. E whakarato ana i te koki mata o 35 °. Whakatārewatanga o awa anuhe takitahi, ki te actuators hurihiko-whāhauhau tae teitei whakatikatika, me te ara i te tinana atu te whenua.

kauhoe

whakaratohia tiaki kaimahi paiherea Bulletproof me anti-otaota tono whare. I roto i te ihu o te waka kei te nohoanga o te taraiwa haunga ia, e toru atu iwi e te hunga i roto i te pourewa pūkoro (rangatira, hihiani operator me te hōia pū), kia ake te ZRPK waka "Tunguska". tauhohe Air korero pūnaha pere-pū ki te huri huru i roto i 8 hēkona, recharge reira (ki te awhina o mihini motuhake e hāngai ana i runga i KAMAZ-43101) he 16 meneti.

rapu papa wa taua matatau rerekē me ngā tohu mātauranga tutuki te mahi whakaako tamau.

Ko te kaihanga o te matatini

tika kupu Motuhake kaihoahoa pūnaha nui - hangaia Shipunov AG me V. P. Gryazev, te pū, me te tohunga matua i runga i ngā tākirirangi - VM Kuznetsov, i hanga nei e nga tautooraa o "Tunguska". Air pūnaha korero pere-pū ko te hua o te mahi tahi o maha hinonga o te USSR. huriaro aroturukihia hangaia i roto i Minsk, te wheketere tarakihana, pūnaha arata'iraa me te patuiro haere i runga i te "tohu" Optics - te Leningrad LOMO. whai wāhi te mahi, me te tahi atu whakahaere pūtaiao, me te ahumahi o te Soviet Union.

patu Artillery whakaputaina i roto i Tula, tākirirangi kohia i roto i Kirov ( "Lighthouse").

wheako o te tono

I te taime reira i roto i te ao i reira he kahore pūnaha ārai hau pūkoro atu kaha atu i te "Tunguska". pūnaha pū-pere Antiaircraft, Heoi, kua kore ano i whakamahia mo tona whakaaro e tūmanakohia ana. I roto i te whawhai i roto i Chechnya, i whakamahia ai ki te ahi aro ki ngā taumata whenua, engari mo tenei whakaaro i reira he momo motuhake o te taputapu me te paura. i iti ki te whakahaere pakanga whenua te tiaki patu 2K22. I muri e rua IRC tatini "Tunguska-M1" ma rima i pakaru (te nuinga matā RPG tika), kua tae mai te whakahau ki te mutunga tūturu o te kakama rawakore i roto i ngā o te rangi korero pakanga whawhai. Whakamarie i taea e te kore o aituā i roto i nga kaimahi.

anga whakahaere

Matatini korero rangi "Tunguska-M" Kei te hangaia mo te whakangaromanga o ngā whāinga matatini pērā, kia rite ki topatopa me missiles ipu iti-rere. Ko te tikanga parekura hihiri, e taea te hanga taua mīhini ia whakatau motuhake e hāngai ana i runga i te āhuatanga whakahaere, engari tutuki te tōtika rahi, kei te whakamahi i te rōpū. Hoki tenei whakaritenga ope hanganga whakahaere e tika ana.

Ia paratunu arā, o wha ZRPK "Tunguska" pūnaha pū pere antiaircraft kōwae rawa centralized whakahau "tūranga" te whakahau, hanga tahi me te paratunu, patu SAM "Pere", he pūhui nui - pere pūkoro puhipuhi antiaircraft pūhiko. I roto i tahuri, i te pākahiko raro ki te hoia hanganga whakahaere kara ranei.