Rironga o Crimea ki Russia raro Catherine 2: Hītori

I roto i 1475 te wahi takutai, me te maunga katoa o te Crimea i te mapi e te Ottoman Empire. Hoatu e no te toenga o te kūrae ki te Crimean Khanate, i meinga e toru nga tau o tona pononga, he pai-whakaturia whakahua hītori o te Moana Black rite te "roto ā Turkish", ki nei he reira, i roto i te ngako, he hoki te tenetere e toru i muri mai. I roto i tenei whakaaro, rironga o te Crimea ki Russia raro Catherine 2 te whakatau i nga whakaritenga tino akiaki o te kaupapa here ke Russian o te wā.

Hei akiaki fakahā e te ora

I muri i te hinganga o te Golden Horde ki Russia ki ngā mahi acuteness i ki whakahoki te uru ki te moana Black, i vai na i roto i te wā o Kievan Rus, a katia ki reira ki te whakatū o te ioka Tatar-Mongol. Hanga Ko reira tika te tuatahi o te katoa i roto i nga ngākau nuitanga ōhanga, pera i roto i te moana Black nga ara hokohoko nui i roto i te whenua Mediterranean.

I tua atu, ko reira tika ki te whakangaro i te Krymskoe Hanstvo, tona rohe hoki e rave rahi tenetere ngā marau e hāngai ana i ki te hopu pononga me o ratou hoko atu i roto i Constantinople. E ai ki nga tātai o pūtaiao, i runga i 300 tau i mua i te rironga o te Crimea ki Russia raro Catherine 2, i roto i nga hokohoko pononga o Turkey tonoa i te iti rawa 3 miriona iwi.

Ko te whakamātau tuatahi ki te whakaoti i te raruraru o te Crimean

Nganatanga ki aravihi i te Crimea hanga toutou. Kati te reira ki te haamana'o i te pakanga o Pita ahau i roto i te biennium 1696-1698. ahakoa faateiteiraa i roto i te hopu o te pa o Azov, engari faaoti i roto i te take katoa Moana Black. I roto i te rangatiratanga Anny Ioannovny hōia Russian rua kaha tomo te kūrae: i roto i 1735 i raro i te whakahau a B. H. Miniha, me wha tau i muri mai ─ Field Marshal P. P. Lassi. Heoi, ka whawhati i takoha ratou ki te hoki whakamuri e rua ngā wā e tika ana ki te kore o te supply me urutā i roto i te rarangi o ngā hōia.

puta te whai wāhitanga tūturu ki te kawe i te ärai o Crimea kotahi anake i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XVIII, i hanga e te Russia New, i ngā wāhi nui o te Northern Moana Black, apitiria ki Russia i roto i te pakanga Russian-Turkish. Kei te whakapono te reira e i taua timata te hītori o te mharahara o Crimea ki Russia e Catherine 2. Mā te New Russia rite he ake mo te atu nama, te i roto i te whānui--Tumuaki Army VM Dolgoruky i 1771, kua whakahaere ki te wahi i te ātete o te kaiwawao o te Crimea me ki whakakotahi i roto i ona rohe.

Independent Krymskoe Hanstvo

Heoi, ko te mharahara o Crimea ki Russia raro Catherine 2, whakaahuatia poto i raro, i mua i te tahi atu taahiraa tino nui, i fakahā atu e te hiahia mo te maha o tūkunga tōrangapū, me te hōia o te wa. hainatia putanga o te wikitoria o ringa Russian i roto i te whawhai ki a Turkey i roto i 1772 kirimana Karasubazarskogo, ta te Khanate motuhake o Crimea, kei raro i te Tuhinga o Russia.

Kua oti i roto i te rua tau Russian-Turkish whawhai tohua te mutunga o te ture Ottoman i roto i te kūrae, a whakatuwheratia hoki Russia te whai wāhi roa-tatari ki te Moana Black. Otiia, ko nga whakatutukitanga anake te hawhe-mehua, me te kore e taea te whakaaro rite te whakatau whakamutunga o te take Crimea.

Ko te pakanga tōrangapū, me te hōia ki Turkey

I taea te kite i te whai-Catherine 2, ka tutuki motuhake i te Crimean Khanate Ottoman Empire, kihai i waiho e ia i te whakaaro o tona rironga ki ona taonga. tutuki tenei nga ngākau nuitanga o Russia, no te mea i te kūrae faufaa nui ōhanga me te hōia-tōrangapū mo te whenua katoa. Heoi, i tino hiahia i roto i te faaho'iraa mai o ratou faatîtîraa i roto i te Crimea Turkey. kua hanga rua rōpū e whawhai tautooraa nui ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga e hiahiatia ana, a hoki tenei take e kore te pakanga i waenganui i te Ottoman Empire me Russia i taua wa i haaparuparu.

I roto i Noema 1776 te tinana o te rūtene-whānui A. A. Prozorovskogo tomo te Crimea, ka mau ake tūranga ārai i Perekop. Ki tona āwhina i Moscow hohoro tae Division i raro i te whakahau A. V. Suvorova. whakahaere ratou mau tautooraa tahi ki te wahi i te ātete o nga hoia o te Crimean Khan Giray Davlet ka faahepo ia ki te tango i whakawhirinaki i roto i te Bakhchisarai, a ka rere ki Constantinople. I roto i tona wahi i pōtitia rite te rangatira hou Shahin Giray, e riro te whakamutunga i roto i te aamu o te Crimean Khan.

Tatar Khan, whakaaro i roto i te Pākehā

Ko te pōtitanga o tenei tangata whakahaerehia te mharahara o Crimea ki Russia nuinga e Catherine 2. Rerekē ana matua, ko ia he tangata o te te ara tino Pākehā o te whakaaro. I muri i te whakangungu i roto i te Venice ko Thessaloniki, Shahin Giray e rave rahi reo ke, e kore e nga ture herea roto i te tikanga Tatar.

Heoi, whakamātau ki te taui i te pūnaha hōia, whakahaere, me te ōhanga o te Khanate i te tikanga Pākehā arahina ki te whakaahunga o te taupori rohe me te tutu tuwhera, i i taea ki te pehi i anake ki te awhina o pēneti Russian. Te arataki i roto i te whakatau i te pakanga te whakatangihanga a whakaritea ki te pou o te rangatira o nga hōia Crimean katoa A. V. Suvorova.

manene Crimean

Wehewehe i te rohe katoa o te kūrae 4 rohe rohe, me te whakanohoia i roto i pa horo nui hoia, i huia ia o rua nga Turkey me ratou kaitautoko i te rangatira rohe o nga whai wāhitanga whakamutunga ki te whakaawe i te ora i roto o te Crimea. Ko te taahiraa nui ki te mharahara o Crimea ki Russia raro Catherine 2.

Ko te tuatahi i roto i nga tangata o te kūrae raro te hepeta o te Empress o Russia oho, ka oho ki wāhi hou o ona māngai o te taupori Karaitiana ─ Georgians, Ararata me Kariki. I foaki ratou e te whenua i te mangai o te Tanupi me i te rohe o te moana Azov. mahue i roto i te puna me te raumati o 1778 i te Crimea kua 31 mano. tangata, i meinga he patu nui ki taonga o te Khan, no te mea ko enei iwi te wahi kaha tino ōhanga o te taupori.

Pūrongo ki Prince G. A. Potomkina

I roto i te 1781, i whakapataritari nga Turkey i tetahi atu whakatikanga ake o te taupori rohe, whakahau te wenewene, whakaurua Shahin Giray, a ano i ki whakamarietia te hunga tutu ki te hoia Russian, tenei wa i raro i te whakahau o tana nehenehe roa nui Prince G. A. Potomkina.

I roto i tona pūrongo ki tona Kuini, tuhituhi ia e, rite ki ana kitenga, te nuinga o noho rohe nui e pā ana ki te tino kino Shahin Giray a e hiahia ki te kia i raro i te Protectorate Russian. Te feaa, tenei parau Potemkin kua kairau a he wāhi i roto i te mharahara o te Crimea ki Russia raro Catherine 2.

Te pukapuka, faaoti te whakarau o Crimea

Te riroraa i te kaitōrangapū rawa tawhiti-kitea, i matau G. A. Potomkin te hiahia mo te whakauru o Crimea ki te Russian Empire, rite te kore i taea e tona rohe hei te ake watea mō fakafepaki heke mai i runga i te wahi o te Ottoman Empire. Ko reira ano hoki uara ōhanga rawa kitea o nga whenua mōmona o te ōhanga Crimean mō te Moana Black Northern katoa. Na hopea, e kua oti te reira i te roha o te tonga o Russia ki ona rohe taiao. Tona tirohanga nehenehe roa nui Prince faaitehia i roto i ngā kōrero i roto i tono tangata ki a ratou i roto i Hakihea 1782 ki te Hiha te manatu.

I muri te arotake i te tuhinga riro, te Empress i tona whakautu i hoatu e ia tino mana whānui ki te whakatinana hapu o ka whakaaetia tona kaupapa. Ko te kupu, ko te mharahara o Crimea ki Russia raro Catherine 2 (tau 1783), ko te tūranga matua no ki Prince Grigoriyu Aleksandrovichu Potomkinu, hoki i homai e ia te taitara o te Tauride (Tavriya ─ ko te ingoa tawhito o te Crimea).

Te faaineineraa o ngā hītori

kia whakaaro te rā o te mharahara o Crimea ki Russia e Catherine 2 rite 8 (19) i roto i April 1783, i te mea kua hainatia te tangata mārō hāngai manifesto. Heoi, i taua wa, ka mea ia ki te pupuri i te reira ngaro hoki rite te roa rite te whakawhitinga o te kūrae ki tona taupori katoa i raro i te hepeta Russian kore e riro i te hui tūturu.

E tenei wa i roto i te ora tōrangapū o te Crimean Khanate tino ke. Heoi kinongia e te iwi i takoha Şahin Giray ki rihaina i te rangatira nui rawa, a ko takoto kau tona wahi. Tenei Ua tauturu Potemkin roto i o ratou āpiha ki whakapati i te whiriwhiri rangatira o te Khanate o nga painga o te whakawhiti i raro i te Kaitiaki o Russia.

I muri i tenei, mehua akiaki i runga i te whakaritenga i roto i te wahi tonga o te whanga kūrae kua meinga ki hāngai kaipuke heke mai Moana Black Fleet. He tau i muri mai, i reira he ka karanga i te wō o te Empress Sevastopol te pa pourewa i hanga,.

Oati o te piripono ki a Russia

I te pae hopea, i runga i Pipiri 28 (Hōngongoi 9), i roto i te 1783 i hanga tūmatanui te manifesto rawa. Na mo te wa tuatahi (ki Catherine 2) rironga o Crimea ki Russia ko te tutuki fait. Ko te ngā o te wa nei, ka tenei wāhi vvtorichno haere ki te Russian Federation, mohiotia ki he tokomaha, na ki te noho ki runga ki a ratou, e kore e tatou. Ka rite ki mo te wa, i te ra nehenehe roa nui Prince Potemkin, e tu ana i runga i te tihi o te pari Ak-Kaya, ka mau oati i nga kaupapa hou o ona Imperial Kuini. oati te tuatahi te matamata o te hapori ā-rohe, me te hunga o nga pǔpǔ ekalesiatiko, a muri ratou kua - tutua katoa. Whakatika ki tenei, kua noho te reira i te tuhinga ─ Faaiteraa hītori runga rironga o Crimea ki Russia raro Catherine i te 2 whakaahua e te aroaro i roto i te tuhinga.