Ru-reconnaissance rererangi T-4: Whakatakotoranga, ngā whakaahuatanga, whakaahua

I muri e pā ana ki 20 tau i muri i te mutunga o te Pakanga II o te Ao, ki te whakahau Soviet mahino e founga nanakia i uara kawe American. kihai i Experience o hanga enei kaipuke i roto i to tatou whenua, a na reira i ki te titiro mō ngā urupare hangarite: pere karihi, me te rererangi ahei o whawhati i roto i nga rōpū rererangi kawe rangi korero ki te whakangaromanga o te kaipuke matua muri. Ko tētahi o nga kaupapa angitu tino ko te rererangi T-4.

take o

Na roto i te mutunga o nga 50s, ko to matou whenua i roto i te āhuatanga tino: te kaipuke, me te manureva, tino ngaro matou te US, te wahi i roto i whakatere te whawhai tere whakatakotoria kau fakasio taimaha me rererangi. whakahaere Ōritetanga ki te pupuri anake e tika ana ki te mau tautooraa itoito o te pere. Otiia ko tonu ohorere te āhuatanga, no te mea i te wa ano, tīmata nga Ameliká ki te whakatinana i roto i to ratou pere karihi naval, hipoki ake hei wāhanga o te rererangi kia. Tōtika whawhai kihai i taea e tatou rōpū kawe rererangi, mai tenei noa kihai i whai i te taputapu e tika ana.

Ko te ara pono anake ki te whakangaro i te rōpū rererangi kawe i ki te whakarewa i te missiles paorangi ki warheads karihi. Ngā i te wa o te rererangi me mua o te USSR noa i taea e kore kitea te ūnga i te tawhiti haumaru, nui iti patua reira.

Me pēhea te ki te whakaoti i te raruraru?

Ko te hanganga o te wā mua motuhake kihai i reira ohie, a na reira ua faaoti ki te whakamahi i kaihoahoa rererangi. whakaturia ratou he "ohie" mahi: ki te whakawhanake i te huinga o "rererangi + tākirirangi" rite wawe tonu, taea ki te tomo rangi korero rererangi kawe rōpū American, me te whakangaro i te kaipuke tino mōrearea.

I roto i te mutunga o te 50-doma i roto i to tatou whenua i reira ko kahore he kaupapa e e te hopoia uru enei whakaritenga. Heoi, i roto i te myasishchev a M-56 kaupapa manureva. Ko tōna painga matua i tere e taea tae 3000 km / h. Otiia ko tona taimaha tango-atu 230 taranata, me poma kawenga - 9 anake taranata. Ehara i te mea nui. Na reira ko te rererangi rererangi T4 Sukhoi Design Bureau i ki te tango i te motuhake wātea.

"Weaving"

"Ōka rererangi kawe" ano hoki i ki te whai i te puranga i tango-atu o kore neke atu i te 100 tana, te "tuanui" o whati - e kore e iti iho i te 24 kiromita me tere - noa nga mea o 3000 km / h. Taua waka rererangi i runga i te huarahi ki te ūnga e taea tinana ki te kitea, ka tukua atu ki a ia he tākirirangi. I taua wa kahore he interceptors ahei o whakangaro i te mīhini taua.

Flight tawhiti "rau" i ki kia i te iti rawa 6-8 mano kiromita ka te whānuitanga o te missiles - 600-800 kiromita. Me kï reira e ko te reira i predominated he tākirirangi i roto i tenei matatini: reira e kore anake i ki te wahi i roto i korero, haere ki te tere ka taea rawa, engari ano ki te haere ki te ūnga, aru e tona hinga i roto i te tino tuimotu. Na e te manureva T4 - ko pere, whakakī rorohiko o e tino mua o tona wa.

kaiuru whakawhanake

Kua whakaritea e te Kāwanatanga e ka whai wāhi i te whanaketanga o te rererangi hou Tupolev, Sukhoi ko Yakovlev. kihai i Mikoyan whakaurua i roto i te rārangi e kore te mea o etahi ahua o hinana, a mo te take i tino tomo tona pokapū ki te mahi i runga i te toa hou mig-25. Ahakoa, i roto i te tika kia tuhia te reira e te tūmanakohia reira ki te riro Tupolev me ngā atu CB anake ki te whakataetae ki te aritanga. hāngai hoki te whakawhirinaki i runga i te "kaupapa 135" ngā, i hiahiatia anake ake i runga ki te tere Cruising hiahiatia o 3000 km / h.

Ahakoa ngā tūmanako, ka mau "whawhai" me ona hua, me te tākare ake te mahi matua-kore. Whakamua tonu wahia Sukhoi. whiriwhiria e ratou te tahora o "pārera" ki te kainga rangi, e toro paku tera taha te mata mua o te parirau. I te tīmatanga, ko te kaupapa rererangi te tango-atu te taimaha o 102 taranata, i te mea he aha titi reira mo i'oa pii unofficial o "raranga".

Ratau, te T4 rererangi whakarerekētia "dvuhsotki" - ko te kaupapa marohi i te wa ano ki te Tupolev Tu-160. I reira He maha nga mahi Sukhoi Tupolev whakamahia ki te hanga i to ratou pereoo, tango-atu taimaha o e nui 200 taranata.

E kaupapa Ko riro Sukhoi te whakataetae. I muri i taua, i te kaihoahoa ki te haere i roto i maha taime kino, tona ringa matau rite runga rauemi katoa takoha Tupolev. kihai ia kihai i e tāpiri i tetahi hoa i roto i te ahumahi manureva, e kore i roto i te rōpū.

mana te tipu

Ahurei i te wa te rererangi T-4 ui i te iti rawa i te pūkaha ahurei e taea rere i runga i te ahua motuhake o te wahie. Tellingly, i roto i Sukhoi i reira tika e toru ngā kōwhiringa, engari i roto i te mutunga ka noho i runga i RD36-41 tauira. Hoki tona whanaketanga o haepapa kore unknown "Saturn". Kia mōhio e ko tenei engine he "whanaunga tawhiti" tauira VD-7. Ratou, i roto i ngā, rite rawa ki te rererangi 3M.

Kei te kitea tonu te pūkaha e tona compressor i 11 nga nekehanga, me te aroaro o te rangi te meangiti i te matatahi mīhini huri hiko tuatahi-atamira. Kua whakaaetia Tata auaha hangarau ki te whakapiki ake i te pāmahana mahi o te ruma ngingiha tonu ki 950K. Tenei pūkaha - oti tēnei wā, ina koa i ngā paerewa Soviet. I tona hanganga ka mau te reira noa kotahi tekau nga tau, ko te hua i utu reira. Ko reira i roto i tenei pūkaha T4 - pere, te tere o e nui e o ona hoa.

E pere i patu ki tenei manureva?

Pea, pea te tuhaa tino nui o te "taupiri" ko he tauira tākirirangi X-33, i te haepapa hoki te whanaketanga o te rongonui "Raduga". Ko te mahi i mua i te Bureau whakatakotoria i te faingata'a mau i runga i te mimiha o te hangarau o te wā. Ko reira tika ki te hanga i te tākirirangi e pai kia aru autonomously ki te whāinga i te teitei o te kore iti iho i te 30 kiromita, ka ko tona tere e ono ki ngā wā e whitu te tangi.

I roto i te tua, kia i muri i-kawe-e hāngai ana te reira koe (!) Ko ki te tātai i te matenga kawe me te patu i a ia e te mata tino whakaraerae. Mämä noa iho te, te rererangi ru-reconnaissance T-4, e kua he whakaahua i roto i te tuhinga kawea i runga i te poari ki te tākirirangi, i te utu hawhe rite te "rau."

Ahakoa hoki kaihoahoa o tenei ra, ko te rawa he mahi uaua. Ahakoa nga whakaritenga, me te e titiro atu tino mīharo. Hei te mahi i enei mahi, ake hihiani, me te he maha nui o te hikohiko tino matatini kua whakaurua kua i roto i te hoahoa o te tākirirangi. Ko te matatini o te pūnaha i runga i te poari i te X-33 i roto i kore ara hoki iho ki te hunga i te nuinga "kotahi-haurau".

Ko te whakamanamana o pūtaiao me te hangarau

Ko te Nahe rererangi T-4 marama hua hakari mo tona fare sverhtehnologichny. Hoki te wā tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te rererangi motu i reira ko noa he whakaaturanga motuhake mo te aro mātai wā o te taiao rauhanga, me te hangarau. Neke atu i te nga kāri kiriata mōkito puta noa te mata o te whenua whakaaturia te āhuatanga rauhanga i roto i te wā tūturu.

Raruraru o te hoahoa me te hanga

Ehara i Koinei, i te wā hoahoa o te rau taua matatini mīhini he o raruraru, ia o nei i taea e whakama ai ara te academician. Tuatahi, tuatahi i te tahuhu o te rererangi kihai i uru ki roto ki te wehenga i roto rawa. Hei whakaoti i tēnei raruraru, hoatu mua he momo o kōwhiringa, he tokomaha o nei i whakautu, te haavareraa: i ngā, i te kaupapa e whakaarohia ana ara "changeling", ka i te manureva ki rere ki runga ki te fare whāinga ki raro.

O te akoranga, te rererangi T-4 - rererangi ngā e tino mua o to ratou wa ... engari e kore e ki te tohu taua!

Otiia ano nga whakatau tangohia ka te nuinga titiro tino fantastic. Ko te kupu, i te tere o te 3000 km / h ara paku uaki rama kapa tino nui haere resistance. Na ka ka whakaarohia reira he otinga ohie: hoki ara te tō iti i roto i rere fare te ake. Mai i te teitei o 24 kiromita ki te whakatere e ngā tonu e kore e mahi, ka mahara te whakatere ki te arahi anake ki whakatangi.

A, no te te ū T-4 rererangi, e whakakotititia ana te piha e whakararo, na e puta i roto i te pairati aritanga pai. Tuatahi, ka mau te hōia tenei whakaaro rawa tupato, engari te mana Vladimira Ilyushina, tama a te kaihanga o te shtkrmovika ngingila IL, ahakoa i āwhina riria te tianara. I tua atu, tohe te Ilyushin i hanga i te hoahoa o te poutiro: e te whakamahi i te reira i roto i te take o te kore o te huarahi honga. E te ara, ki tona whakatau whakamahi Kaihanga i muri o motu Tu-144 me te Anglo-French Concorde.

Te hanga i te fairing

Ko tētahi o nga mahi tino wero ko te hanganga o te fairing. Ko te meka ko e ka hanga i te kaihoahoa i ki te mahi e rua ngā huru tāuke. Tuatahi, i te fairing ki te waiho i te ngaru irirangi. Tuarua, ki te tu atu ki te pikaunga pūkaha me te waiariki tino tiketike. , Me i ki te waihanga i tētahi rauemi motuhake i runga i te pūtake o te filler karaihe, te hanganga o nei rite te honikoma ki te whakaoti i tēnei raruraru.

No te mea o tenei rererangi ru-reconnaissance T-4 te deservedly whakaaro te "tupuna" o maha hangarau ahurei e kua whakamahia inaianei e kore anake i roto i te ope, engari i roto i te ahumahi tino nonga.

fairing tonu - e rima hanga apa, me 99% kawenga hinga ki runga ki tona casing waho, e matotoru, ko te 1.5 anake mm. Hei whakatutuki i taua whika whakamīharo, kaipūtaiao i ki te whakawhanake i te waihanga i runga i silicon me ngā pūhui matū waro. I roto i te mahi i ki te arotake me te aromatawai i te 'amanaki mo neke atu i te 20 (!) O āhua me te rahi o te rererangi a muri taea, matapae ratou mahi rere nga pūtaiao. Na tenei katoa - kahore hōtaka rorohiko hou! takoha Na rahi o kaihoahoa haafaufaa ore uaua.

rere kotiro

Hei rere te tuatahi manureva T4 "raranga" i rite i roto i te puna o 1972, engari e tika ana ki ahi Peat a tawhio Moscow kitenga i runga i te wakarererangi, me te taunga whakamātautau o airfields ko tata te kore. rerenga i roa. A no te mea ka mau te rere tuatahi wahi anake i te mutunga o te raumati o te taua tau, ki te whakamätauria hoki rererangi pairati Vladimir Ilyushin me kaiwhakatere Nicholas Alferov. i whakamana Tuatahi iwa flights whakamātautau. Kia mahara e rima o enei kaiurungi i kawea i roto i te kore tango i te tahuhu: ko reira nui ki te aromatawai i te whāwhā o te mīhini hou i roto i aratau whakahaere katoa.

Kaiurungi tuhia tonu te haratau nui o te mana o te rererangi: ara te tangi arai "raranga" i tū maitai, a tae noa te wa o te whakawhiti ki te Supersonic ua whakaaro anake. māngai Army, mātakitaki i hari ki te mīhini hou nga whakamātautau, ka tono tonu te puranga hanga o 250 nga wahi. Hoki rererangi o tenei piha haapiiraa ko tika mīharo tohanga teitei!

Ki te haere katoa te pai, e tatou e mohio i te manureva T-4 (te bomber, nei āhuatanga e whakaahuatia i roto i tenei rauemi) rite tetahi o te nui rawa i roto i tona piha haapiiraa.

opuaraa Aircraft

Ko tētahi atu "miramira" o tenei mīhini ko te parirau o te whirihoranga tāupe. Nā ki tenei, e taea te whakaaro te reira i te-whakaaro maha, ngāwari taea te whakamahi i te rererangi rite te torotoro stratospheric. e whakaiti tenei te utu o ngā hōtaka hōia e hua kotahi anake rererangi hei utu o rua.

Whakamutunga o ngā hangarau hou

I te tīmatanga, ko te "te whatua" mahara ki te kia hanga i te Tushino Aviation Plant, engari reira e kore e tika i hutia nga pukapuka production hiahiatia. Ko te kamupene anake e taea te whakaputa i te maha e hiahiatia o ngā waka hou ko Kazan AZ. I roto i te wa poto ka tahuri matou te ohipa faaineineraa no te toa hou. Otiia i konei ka whakaurua kaupapa: kihai i hiahia i roto i te whakataetae Tupolev, na brazenly maroke "peia" i te wheketere, taumanutia ki te mate i te pakiaka o nga opuaraa katoa o hanganga o te mīhini hou.

Ko te aha tenei ra matau tatou e te rererangi T-4 - rererangi, nei i te ahurei mo ona āhuatanga wa, engari i haere kore nei ara i roto i te raupapa iti. I te wa ano puritia reira te wāhanga tuarua o te whakamātautau "mara". I te mutunga o Hānuere 1974 i reira ko te rere i roto i nei i taea ki te tae te teitei o 12 km me te tere o M = 1.36 te rererangi. I riro te reira e i tenei mīhini wā, te mutunga tae te whakatere o M = 2.6.

Na maroke whakaritea ki te whakahaere o te wheketere Tushino, ara whakahere ki hanga te toa, tika ki te taea ki te hanga i te tuatahi 50 "eka". Ko te mana fakafofonga'i e te Tāhuhu o te ahumahi rererangi, Kei te tino pai mohio ai ki Tupolev, tangohia ara o te kaihoahoa te tupono. Kua i Maehe 1974, i te mahi katoa i runga i te rererangi orurehau i poroa kahore whakamārama. Na e te T-4 - he rererangi (ko tona whakaahua i roto i te pepa), i ngaro anake hoki take whaiaro etahi iwi i roto i te Defence Tāhuhu me te kāwanatanga o te USSR.

Mate o Sukhoi, i tangohia e wahi Mahuru 15, 1975, kihai i kawea mai te maramarama ki tenei take. Anake i roto i te 1976, i mutu te Tāhuhu o Aviation Ahumahi dryly whakahuatia e mahi i runga i "Sotka" anake e tika ana ki te meka i hiahiatia te Tupolev kaimahi me te hanga kaha mo te hanga o te Tu-160. I te wa ano tonu T-4 mana ua faaite te mua o te "White Swan", ahakoa te Tupolev privatize noa rauemi katoa i runga i te "100 kaupapa", tango painga o te mate o Sukhoi.

whakamārama kaiwawao Tupolev tona tūranga i te meka e hiahia te kaihoahoa ki te whakatinana "atu ohie, me te cheap Tu-22M" ... Ae, ko tenei rererangi pono iti, anake i runga i ka mau tona whakatinanatanga neke atu i whitu nga tau, me ona āhuatanga, ko ia matara rawa atu i bomber rautaki. I tua atu, kua faatiti'aifarohia ki runga ki te wāhi tae noa ki te maha ngā raruraru tika, haere tenei tauira kua i roto i maha huringa o te whakarerekē i te mea ano hoki kihai i pāngia te ara pai te tapeke utu o te kaupapa.

Mō overruns Grand rongoā iwi rite kitea e te meka e o nga toa o te rererangi tipu Kazan tapahia noa, ka maka atu i roto i te ururua i te taputapu tino faufaa tikanga mo te hanga papatipu, "mumu."

Ko te hiranga o "mumu"

I tēnei wā, kei te rererangi anake Sukhoi T-4 i runga i te mure ore tapaeraa'tu i Monino whare taonga o te rererangi. E tano ia tapao e i roto i te tau 1976, tangohia te Sukhoi Hoahoa Bureau kua he wāhi whakamutunga ki te kawe "he rau" i runga i te raina mutu, ua faaite te nui o 1.3 piriona moni. whakaarahia te kāwanatanga te haruru whakaponohia e whai wāhi anake ki te rererangi te warewaretanga wawe. Tino arā ko te meka i te utu te Tu-160 i te Soviet Union tino atu te utu. Na e te T-4 - he manureva e taea e te kōwhiringa pai i roto i ngā o te utu me te āhuatanga.

E kore te aroaro ranei i muri i kore te Soviet Union i whai i te maha taua o nga whakaaro hou whakaurua i roto i te motokā. E te wa te tauira "whakahe 100", i reira i rite 600 hou hanga me Mua. He pakaruhanga i te mara o te waka rererangi i maere. Aue, engari ko reira he hao: me tona mahi, e ko te rererangi kawe he whakahau rangi korero pakaruhanga, te manureva T4 "raranga" i te wa o te hanga kei te kore akakoromaki. Ko taau e kore te mea e tika ana mo tenei whakaaro i te Tu-160. Hoki tenei pere pai submarines pai nui.

Precursors me analogs

Ko te tino rongonui "White Swan", ingoakē rererangi Tu-160. Ko to tatou rererangi rautaki whakamutunga tenei. Mōrahi taimaha tango-atu - 267 taranata, tere whenua paerewa - 850 km / h. "White Swan" Ka taea e whakatere ake ki te 2000 km / h. whānui mōrahi - ki runga ki te 14 000 km. I te poari te rererangi e taea te tango ake ki te 40 tana o missiles poma me / ranei tae atu "atamai", ki te whakahoki i roto i ngā pūnaha amiorangi.

I roto i te whakatinanatanga angamaheni ko te poma whanga ono missiles X-55 me X-55M. "White Swan" - te rererangi Soviet tino utu, ko reira tino atu te utu atu i T-4 rererangi, te paopao, tua atu i ëtahi, no te mea o te "utu teitei". I tua atu, tetahi o enei rererangi i te wa o tona hanganga, e kore i taea e whakarite te whakatinanatanga o nga whāinga mō i hanga ai. I roto i te mua, i whakaritea e te reira ki te tīmata anō hanga o machinery i te rererangi tipu Kazan. He kuware te take - te ahua o missiles hou, tuku i te angitu whanaunga (i roto i te ariā) ki te wahi i roto i te korero, me te te ngaro oti o ngā whanaketanga hou i roto i tenei mara.

M-50

Orurehau mo tona wa, i hanga te waka rererangi Vladimirom Myasischevym me ngā kaimahi o OKB-23. I tango-atu te taimaha o 175 taranata, i ia ki te whakatere ki tata 2000 km / h, me te kawe ake ki te 20 toni o poma missiles me / ranei.

XB-70 Valkyrie

He bomber runga-ngaro American (mo tona wa), nei te tinana he katoa o te Titanium. kaihanga Company - Te Tai Tokerau American. Tangohia-atu te taimaha - 240 taranata, tere mōrahi - 3220 km / h. Range o tono - ki runga ki te 12 mano kiromita. E kore te raupapa i haere no te mea o te utu tiketike mīharo me te matatini hangarau o te hanga.

I teie mahana, T-4 (rererangi, e kua he whakaahua i roto i te tuhinga) ko he tauira nui o pehea tech me taputapu-kounga teitei e patua mō te take tōrangapū, me ngā kēmu munamuna.

hua

Aua'e, te mau tautooraa nānā o kaihoahoa me nga moni nui pau i runga i te whanaketanga me te hanga o Momo, kihai totohu ki te warewaretanga. Tuatahi, he tokomaha o nga hangarau whakawhanakehia e ka i muri whakamahia i roto i te whanaketanga o te Tu-160, e i teie mahana e tu rohe kaitiaki o to tatou whenua. Tuarua, i taea ki te whakamahi i te katoa o ēnei whanaketanga i roto i te hanga o te ahurei mo tona wa te Sukhoi Design Bureau, te Su-27, e ki tenei ra tonu ki te waiho i te "patua" rererangi toa.

I runga i te mana o "rau" i runga i te hītori o te ahumahi rererangi kāinga me te ahumahi wāhi ta i te iti rawa i te meka i te hangarau, ko te "pūtau" paninga i whakamahia i roto i te whanaketanga o "Burana". Aue, engari i stupidly pakura, te kaupapa.