Ruza General Nikolay Vladimirovich: haurongo me te mate

E ai ki te maha rahi o historiography, takaro tenei tangata he wāhi tino hira i roto i te hurihanga o te autocracy i Russia. General Ruza, monarchist whakaaro, tetahi o te tuatahi whakaarohia ki Tsar Nicholas II ki abdicate, hei utu o te tautoko me te āwhina i te kingi ki te noho i runga i te torona. Emperor kiia i runga i te āwhina o ana tianara, me i ia tukua noa.

I roto i te hōia, Ruza (General o Infantry) kua whakapumautia ia rite te rangatira hōia pūmanawa, na ka haere mai ki te mana, hiahia nga mua ki te haere tonu ki te whakahau i te ope, engari i runga i to ratou taha. Otiia kihai ia i tenei tono, a ka rite ki te hua i tukua e te kohuru nanakia.

Ko wai te mea tenei General Ruza? kingi te kaituku o te kaiwawao fatherland kua rite nei whakarau te whiriwhiri taimaha ranei? Whakaaroa tenei pātai i roto i te taipitopito atu.

Tau o te tamarikitanga, me te taiohi

Nikolay Vladimirovich Ruzsky - whanau i roto i te kawanatanga Kaluga, i whanau i runga i Maehe 6 1854 tau.

He maha o te puna kōrero e ko te whānui ake nei he whanaunga tawhiti o te rohi pehe Lermontov, e tuhituhi te ruri pai-mohiotia "Te tauhou." I roto i te tautoko o tenei faahiti ratou raraunga e whakaatu ana e tetahi o nga tupuna o Mikhail Yurevich, i roto i te rau tau XVIII, nei ko te kawana o te pa rohe Moscow o Ruza te papa o te tamaiti i whanau i roto i o faaipoiporaa, ka. Aita i maoro i reira te uri o te ingoa i muri i te pa i roto i nei te tiaki o nga take o Lermontov.

Ko te mea whakaaro ranei i hoatu te whānui Ruza whanaungatanga ariā ki te rohipehe rongonui o te faufaa rahi. Na e kia riro ia tino he mātauranga puāwaitanga, i nga te kotahi mō ngā tamariki katoa o te mau utuafare rangatira ture, engari ngaro Nicholas tona papa wawe. I muri i taua, ka anga tona ora ki te pokanoa ki kaimahi o te whakapaipai te poari o kaitiaki, engari e kore e te tino o Miromoda a te heke mai tenei meka whānui. Kua i roto i tona tamarikitanga moe Nicholas o te mahi hōia.

tau o te ako

Hei tīmata i te āwhiwhitanga ki te moe, ka Ruza te ākonga kura hōia tuatahi, kei nei i roto i te pa i runga i te Neva.

I muri i te tahi mau wa ko ia he tauira tuarua Konstantinovsky Military School, ka he āpiha hōia nei paetahi. Taa'eraa Ko te meka e i te mutunga o te rau tau XIX timata kura hōia Russian ki te hoatu ki mahi te whakahounga tīmataria e Tsar Alexander II me kōrero Dmitriem Milyutinym. Ko Ko te aha te General Ruza, he whakaahua o e he wātea ana i roto i te maha pukapuka i runga i te toi o te pakanga, a reira kei roto i tenei tuhinga ki te tiki i te mātauranga kounga, e ōrite ana ki te mau o te wā.

Ko te timatanga o tona mahi hōia

I puta ia i te kāreti, ka haere te tangata taitama ki te mahi i roto i te Life tiaki Grenadier Regiment hei āpiha. timata te reira Russian-Turkish whawhai i te tau torutoru i muri, ka whakamatauria te whānui Ruza heke mai ia i runga i te mara o te pakanga anake i te taha pai. I roto i te mauruuru no te whakaatu itoito me te maia riro Ruza te Order o IV kōeke o St. Anne. I te mutunga o ngā mahi hōia rangatira faaoti ki te whakapai ake i ō rātou pūkenga, me kua whakangungua i roto i te Mykolayiv General kaimahi Academy. i rongonui V. Sukhomlinov me Kuropatkin ana ngā kaiako. Na ka ki te rangatira te tono tenei matauranga i roto i te mahi, tētahi whakakapi nga amo o ngā rohe hōia. riro Nikolay Vladimirovich he mahi logistical me whakahaere tohunga tūturu.

Te taumata muri i roto i tona mahi i te mahi i roto i te Kiev Military District rite Quartermaster General. I muri i te tahi mau wa, Ruza kia whakatairangatia ana ki Meiha Tianara, a ka upoko ia te tari matua.

Russian-Japanese te whawhai

I te timatanga o te rau tau XX whai wāhi Russia i roto i te pakanga hōia ki Japan. General Ruza, tona biography o nui te pānga ki hītori, ka arahi tuarua te tari matua ope Manchurian. Ka whakaatu ia ratou huru maitatai pai te rangatira hōia, pai-whakaritea hōia korero tukua ki a ia i te awa Shahe. Ko ētahi wā angitu tahi e te hupehupe. I roto i ngā, e korero tatou e pā ana ki ngā mahi ino i raro Sandepu, i pōti iho no te mea o te mahi lotolotoua i roto i te tino.

ratonga atu

I muri i te pakanga tukua ki whakahau te 21 Army Corps Ruzsky. I te mutunga o te rau tau XIX, kua noho Nikolai Vladimirovich i te mana o General o Infantry, whakarara ki he wahi o te Kaunihera Military. Ka hoatu e ia te tokoni 'aonga i roto i te mahi i runga i te whanaketanga o hanganga i roto i te ope. General Ruza he tahi-kaituhi o te maha o mau buka me tikanga. Whakamoemiti nga rangatira o tona takoha ki te Manual Field, 1912. I muri i tenei mahi, ka hoki Nikolai Vladimirovich ki te taviniraa i roto i te Kiev Military District, te wahi mahi ia rite rangatira kaiāwhina tae noa te timatanga o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao.

1914

I muri whawhati pakanga i waenganui i nga Hoa me te haumi tōrangapū, i ngā Germany me Austria-Hungary, ka tonoa te whakahau Russian ki te whawhai i roto i te Ruza Tonga-Western mua, tukua ki whakahau te Ope 3.

ko aronga rautaki i runga i tenei whare tapere o te whawhai te pakanga o Galicia, i roto i nei Nikolay Vladimirovich, piri ki te hoia o General Brusilov, i āwhina maka te hoariri i te rohe o Bukovina me Eastern Galicia. Otiia i tēra i hoki reira ki te hopu Lvov me Galich. Kua i te mutunga i te raumati o 1914 Ruza General Nikolay Vladimirovich tino ofi ki tona whakatinanatanga: whati te hoariri, ahakoa ngana ki te aukati i te ope Russian i te awa pirau Lipa Lipa me Gold. Te mutunga iho, i horo Lviv, i muri i whakamoemiti Brusilov nga mahi o tona hoa-i roto i-ringa. whakaahuatia e ia Ruza pehea maia, maia me te rangatira hōia mahara. Otiia patua te rohe faaite Galicia te kounga e rua o rangatira hōia. whakakitea reira ia tuwhera anti-Semitism. He aha i whakangaro iwi onamata i roto i Galicia, General Ruza? Hurai, i roto i tona whakaaro, ko reira matua he tirohia, i runga i nga mahi i pānga nga ngākau nuitanga o te iwi Russian, pena me whakamarie tenei iwi mo te toto o tona hara.

mahi hou

I whakatairangatia ana Nikolay Vladimirovich mō te angitu i roto i ngā mahi hōia, a hohoro i tukua e ia ki te whakahau o te Front Te Tai Tokerau-Western, i tukua e hinga i roto i Te Tai Rāwhiti Prussia nei hōia. huru no te āhuatanga e te meka e te ope Tiamana kua rite nui, pai atu i te Austro-Hungarian, na hoki e hiahiatia ana te māori o te āhuatanga he rangatira hōia wheako, te tūranga o te mea pai whānui Ruza. i taea e ki te pupuri hoki i te aroraa o te hoariri i roto i te whawhai i runga i waenganui i te Vistula me i raro i te Polish Lodz ia. Na kua mutu te hoariri o kahore anake i roto i te whakatinanatanga o ratou mahere, engari ano ki te hanga hoki ruma.

Na ka whakatau te German Whakahaua Runga ki te whakakaha i ona tūranga i roto i te ahunga Te Tai Tokerau-Te Hau-ā-uru ki te pei i te whānui Russian. Ka rite ki te hua o te whawhai toto o te hoariri i te whakahaere ki te wikitoria i te pa o Augustow, engari whakamātau kia pehia ki te whakapaipai Polish kua rahua.

I roto i te aroraa, tuku e te pa Prasnysh, whakahaere Nikolai Vladimirovich ki te hanga tika tātai ārai, meinga te hoariri i hoki i roto i Te Tai Rāwhiti Prussia. General Ruza i haere ki te patu i te hoariri, me te akina ki smithereens te hōia Tiamana. Ko e tango kau taki hōia Russian tetahi otinga: ki te aro te kaha matua i roto i te whawhai ki te Austro-a Hungali, me te Front Te Tai Tokerau-Western i ki te mahi rite te poari ino Tiamana haamăta'ui.

recreation

Whakama tenei rautaki huakore o te whawhai, ngenge hinengaro me tinana rangatira, tukua i runga i whakahau ki tetahi atu mua whānui, ka haere i runga i hararei ki te rohirohi. Etahi wa i muri mai, i whakahau Nikolay Vladimirovich kua he wehenga ope, i whakarite te korero o mua. Na, i muri i te "hunga pohewa" o te Front Te Tai Tokerau-Western, ki te Te Tai Tokerau, a Te Hau-ā-uru ka arahina e General tuatahi.

Otira ka ara ina e arahina tika te mahi hōia ki te tangata mārō Nicholas II, e kore e whakarere ia nga founga ārai e pae hopea haukotia Ruza a ko ia kua raro te take ōkawa ki-unga anō i runga i tau faafaaearaa.

1916

I muri takoto hoki e pā ana ki te ono marama, te rangatira o te tikanga o St. Anne e whakahau ano whānuitanga IV te mua raki. Ia tumanako tonu e haere te whakahau Russian ki te whawhai kaha me te patu nui ki nga Tiamana. Ko te kaha whawhai o te ope ohorere ka anga ki te ngohe i mua i to tatou kanohi: he ngenge o te whawhai nga hoia, a hiahia hano hohoro hoki ki o ratou hapu. A, no te, i roto i te whawhai i runga i te rohe o te hoia Baltic mutinied ka pai ki te haere i runga i te ino, whakawehi Nikolai Vladimirovich i te wairua tutu o te moralizovat Taraipiunara.

Heoi, te mutunga i taea ki te huri i te akoranga o te mahi i enei mau tautooraa, ka patua te mahere o te whakaeke i. Etahi wa i muri mai, a ka mutu ia te whawhai ano.

Attitude ki te mana

tautohetohe tonu tumu kōrero e pā ana ki te aha General Ruza tukua te kingi? I roto i te hotoke 1917, te anaanatae i tautoko ia i te kaupapa o te kawana State Duma ki te mutu "parure" me "koretake" te kaupapa here o te kāwanatanga o nāianei i roto i te mata o te arii Russian. Nikolay Vladimirovich, e tu mau i roto i te korero o te tikanga Ngātuere,, tino o te kaupapa here, i puritia e te kingi. Ia tata, i roto i te meka, a kahore nga ture, whakawhiti i te wahi nui o te mau ohipa kingi i te aroha o te kaiahuwhenua Grigory Rasputin, e riro te ahua o "faariro i hina" i roto i te kingitanga o Nicholas II. kite ano ia i te tipu te riri o te marea mo e pā ana ki te āhua o ngā take i roto i te kingitanga me tua atu. hiahia ana General ki te whakahaere ka he Russia hou He tangata mārō, atu kōkiri, rite mo te huringa, e he roa tōmuri i roto i te pūnaha whakahaere tūmatanui. Pea wahi o aha General Ruza tukua te kingi.

Ko te tono ki te ara karauna

I te ra tuatahi o te puna ka haere mai 1917 tangata mārō i Tsarskoye selo ki Pskov, te wahi i te tari matua o te mua Northern. Ko kahore tetahi tutaki te ariki, ka tae tona tereina puru ki ekara koura i te tūāpapa. Anake i muri i te tahi mau wa i reira ko Nikolai Vladimirovich, e aru i te motokā, te wahi i kingi ai ia. Ko te ra he tino i muri Ruza te whakaaro te kingi ki noa abdicate te mana o te kuini. I muri i te tahi mau wa, Kāti i General Nicholas II tuhinga c, i roto i nga whakautu ki hoia me kaumoana i runga i te pātai kotahi: "? Te liaki o te torona o Romanov" "Ko wai e" mo "ranei" ki Tata whiriwhiria katoa te kōwhiringa tuatahi, me te haunga o General Kolchak, nei ka mau te tūranga kūpapa. I waenganui po ka hoatu te Hiha Nikolai Vladimirovich me ngā māngai o te State Duma o te manifestos i i hoatu e ia te mana kingi ki tona teina Michael. To'utangata tenei ra e te tika ki te mea e, pea, General Ruza - he kaituku, engari ko reira tino - taupatupatu.

rīhainatanga

A, no te matau Nikolai Vladimirovich e hinga Russia pūnaha rawa Ngātuere,, tonG ia tona rīhainatanga, i te mutunga whakaaetia. Hei whakahoki hauora, ka tono tangata te whānui ki te Caucasus. Power i roto i te whenua i haere ki te Kawanatanga Takitaro me te raumati o 1917 Ruza te haere i te hui o te kupu nui rawa o nga Forces Armed, i tae ano hoki e ngā māngai o te kāwanatanga hou.

ui General i te mau melo o te kāwanatanga ki te whakahoki kia i te whenua, te whakakore i te ihe e taea ana i roto i te ope, me te i roto i te whenua. Alexander Kerensky ka pakeke whakahē Ruzsky mō te ngana ki te whakataka hītori, me te whakahoki i te arikitanga.

Ko te haere mai ki te mana o nga mua

A, no te haere i te mana i roto i te whenua ki te rangatira hōia "mahue" riri ka mau ia ki te korero. Hea ko ia i taua wa General Ruza? kua meinga Pyatigorsk te piringa whakamutunga hoki a ia. Aita i maoro i nohoia te pa i "whero", i kawea i roto i te hopu o te rangatira mātanga o te ope Russian. mohio nga mua e pā ana ki tona kaiaka toa, na patua ana Nikolai Vladimirovich ki te whawhai i runga i to ratou taha. A ka whakakahore ia, hoki i mahi i ia i te urupā Pyatigorsk. General Ruza, tona mate puta Oketopa 19, 1918, a kihai i mohio ki te wikitoria o te maui i huaina "Te Great Oketopa-pāpori Revolution", kitea te reira rite he "pahua nui-tauine." hanga Kotahi ara ranei tetahi, engari te rangatira tairanga kua he wāhi nui ki te kōmihana o te Etat tukipoto d'ka i taea ki te wahi mau i te wikitoria o te "Mauī", e faifai utu ia he aha te tangohia o te ora.