Sergey Eyzenshteyn: Autobiography, te ora whaiaro, filmography. Photo Eyzenshteyna Sergeya Mihaylovicha

Ko te ingoa Sergeya Eyzenshteyna mohiotia te puta noa te ao rite te ingoa o tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o te toi o te pikitia, me te he ariki nui o Russian Five and Seven. Kei te whakamahia tonu ana masterpieces tahuti ore i roto i te Film Institute rite te tohi mō te tāutanga, me te aratai.

kaiwhakahaere tawhito

I roto i te tau ka tohu 2025 te 100raa o te masterpieces o te pikitia ao, te kiriata "tama'i" Potemkin "." tau 27 anake tau o Sergei Mikhailovich ka tangohia e atu e ia te rīpene. mohio torutoru aha tau i whanau Sergey Eyzenshteyn, me nga tau e rima tekau noa ora ia (i 1898 ki te 1948.). Me kï reira e ia i reira nga tau fifi tino me fakamamahi i roto i te aamu i to tatou whenua o.

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, he e pā ana ki Mexico nei filmography ngā pā ana ki e rua tekau-rima kiriata, me te hawhe pai o ratou, i mahue he tukufakaholo ahurei, e kore anake i roto i te puka o kiriata. Reira ngā pukapuka hoki me manuals mō ngā ākonga o te pikitia. He kohinga oti o nga mahi a te kaiwhakahaere ngā o tahi buka. Mai i ratou e taea e koe te ako ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te āhua o reira ko he wa i roto i i ora ai ia, ka mahi Sergey Eyzenshteyn. Autobiography i kō atu e pukapuka, ngā pitopito kōrero mahi, tuhinga roa me ngā tuhinga.

World o kaiwhakahaere Eisenstein

tuhituhi kaiwhakahaere kiriata rongonui Mikhail Romm i tona pukapuka e tona tikanga ako ia te kiriata o Eisenstein "tama'i" Potemkin "." Ko ia akoranga o te kaiwhakahaere ākonga me i te whai wāhi ki te mahi i roto i te taiwhanga whakatika "Mosfilm". Michael I. e wha tekau nga wa whakahoungia te rongonui "tama'i" Potemkin "," pūnaha whakapuru tino tātarihia, ka ako atamira, oro, pūāhua, Kōrero, me te anga whakawete.

Alfred Hitchcock whakaaro ia he akonga me te muimui o to tatou kaiwhakahaere nui. kihai i huna ia te meka e i roto i ona tikanga mahi whakamahia whakaaro e Sergei Mikhailovich. rongonui ana "saspiens", e ko te okioki whakaari, mānukanuka mäminga, te hanga manukanuka huru - i roto i te whakamahi o ngā tūāhua o Eisenstein, pērā i: ngā taipitopito naturalistic me te tūtohutanga ki ngā wāhanga takitahi, rerekē whakaaro, kitea rawatia ake whakaiti me te whakanui ake i te ahanoa tērā ki raro, me te whakatere ake wā i roto i te papa e ekeeke naki, pānga tangi, marumaru, a na runga i ..

Family & ngā mātua

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, tona ora whaiaro kei roto i te pakeketanga - te ngaro i muri hiri e whitu, me te tokomaha o ana hoa rongonui, me ngā kaiako kihai i hanga ratou ake utuafare. E kore tana wahine ranei tamariki e kore e obzavolsya. whakahengia e ia te reira mo te mau metua, e kore nei i hoatu e ia he mātauranga tika i roto i te mea. Sergey Eyzenshteyn, nei whakaahua e whakaaturia ana i raro, i riro i muri ki tona whaea me te papa, i roto i rua, e toru nga tau o tau.

I muri i te take nui e puta i roto i 1909, kua riro te ora hapu o nga matua he raupapa tamau o kākā me te pupūtanga tutu. i takoha Little Serge ki te whakarongo ki te mama me te papa, ka tuwhera ana kanohi wā i ia atu. Mama ta Sergei, tona papa - he tahae, me te kaiponu, ko tona papa, i roto i te tahuri, korerotia e tona whaea - he wahine hoko. Nāwai, i roto i te 1912, ka 11 nga tau o Sergei, i whakarerea, ka marara ona matua. Na roto i te whakatau o te Hinota Tapu o te tamaiti noho ki tona papa.

Ka taea te whakaaro taurite te faaipoiporaa o te mau metua. Mother, Julia Ivanovna Konetskaya, ka haere mai i te utuafare rawa. Tona papa, he māngai rawakore o te piha haapiiraa tāone, ka haere mai ki a St Petersburg i Tikhvin. He whai wāhi i roto i te mahi subcontracted, amenea mai he whakapaipai iti a marenatia te tamahine o te kaihokohoko taonga. Ka rite ki hohoro whakatuwheratia e ia tona ake mahi - "Neva barzhnoe Company".

Matua o te kaiwhakahaere i mua nei, Mihail Osipovich Eyzenshteyn, i te pakiaka Swedish-Hurai. Hoko i te tane Yulii Ivanovny Konetskoy perevoz ia te reira i roto i Riga, te wahi i whanau ai ia, me to ratou tama anake, Sergei.

Ko te ahua o te wahi pokapū o Riga ko te nuinga e tika ana ki te mahi o Mihaila Eyzenshteyna. I roto i tona tūranga rite tino kaihoahoa o te pa, hanga ana e ia neke atu i te rima tekau whare ataahua Art Nouveau. whakapaipai tonu ratou te whakapaipai o Latvia. Mikhail Osipovich kitea e itoito nui me huru maitatai pakihi pai. I ia te mahi angitu, maranga ki te paetukutuku o State Kaunihera. A hoatu ana e ana tamariki te tika ki te rangatira tuku.

Sergei Mikhailovich taranata

Mai kōhungahunga, papa, Mihail Osipovich Eyzenshteyn, i whakaako tana tama ki te pānui i. he mātauranga pai i hoatu e ia ki a ia. nona tata maitai Ingarihi, Tiamana me Wīwī Sergey Eyzenshteyn. hohoro ako te tamaiti ki te eke, ki te tākaro waiata i runga i te piana, tango pikitia. Ka rite ki te ahua e kore e tohungia tamaiti mahara, me nui moni mahino ngā pūtaiao, me te pa mo ngā āhuatanga hou. I tua atu, pai peita.

kōmeke maha me ngā pakiwaituhi, ihirangi ētahi wā rawa hauwarea, hanga ratou ki te pakeketanga, ka hoatu e ara ki te whakahaere he whakaaturanga tino ngā. ka mau te tuatahi wahi i roto i te 1957 i roto i Moscow. I roto i te heke mai, waituhi arearea, pakiwaituhi, huahua o kākahu me te pae mo te tākaro, atamira ki kiriata, whakapakoko o ngā kaupapa Paipera, me te tuhituhi, me te te peita i hanga i roto i tona tere i roto i Europa ko Amerika, huri haere te fenua katoa o Europe me nga Amerika. I muri i te katoa, e rua anake kiriata - "Alexander Nevsky" me "Ivan Grozny" - Sergey Eyzenshteyn hanga neke atu i te 600 tānga.

hiahia Matua Sergeya Eyzenshteyna kia kite i tana tama kaihoahoa. Hoki tenei take, i roto i te 1915 tomo Sergey te Institute o Civil Engineers mua. E tenei wa i wehea ana matua, a noho ana i tona papa i roto i Berlin ki tana wahine hou.

kaiako

Tona papa i te pae varua Eyzenshteyn Sergey Mihaylovich ua te kaiwhakahaere whakaari nui Vsevoloda Emilevicha Meyerholda. koropiko ia ia, ka tuatahi. Kei te whakapono te reira i taua poto me te kino i roto i te tangata kotahi e kore e whiwhi haere, engari whakakahore Meyerhold tona ora tenei kerēme maha nga wa. Sergey Mihaylovich Eyzenshteyn, haurongo - he kaupapa o to tatou arotake, tuhi e pā ana ki ana kaiako ki runga ki tapere aratai tenei: i Meyerhold he kaha ahurei ki te ako, e kore e hoatu ngā ākonga tetahi mōhiotanga whai hua. ta Eisenstein e ngaro katoa a te kaiwhakahaere Meyerhold, ka kite ia i a mau, no te haere mai i te reira ki te whakatakanga o te tākaro.

E papaki ana fakatokanga'i nga tohu o te taranata i tetahi o nga akonga, Meyerhold i raro i tetahi take ranei tetahi I whakakahoretia tonu o te tāwhai pea. mahi ia Meyerhold te tikanga i roto i nga wahine. Na haere ana ia, a Eisenstein.

Ki te kahore i Meyerhold hiahia ki te faaite i to ratou mōhiotanga ki te ākonga, te kaiwhakahaere Sergey Eyzenshteyn, i runga i te anga ke, katoa tona ora, me te taranata hoatu i runga i te hanganga o nga ture ao o te pikitia, i whakautu, whakaahuatia e ia i roto i ana i tuhituhi ai i runga i te toi o te pikitia. Handbook o filmmakers huri noa te ao hei tona "Art o mise en scene", "Mizankadr", "Tāuta", "tikanga" me "kore natura tau'a."

Building ariā kiriata

Te kore hoko he kaihoahoa, rite rite tona papa, Eyzenshteyn Sergey Mihaylovich, Heoi, mahue ia ki muri i te tuhinga schematic ngā o te whare, tautuhi nei rite "hanga i te ariā o te pikitia." Ka taea te whakaaro ao tēnei mahere. I he mea ohie ki te kopere kiriata kore anake, he pai hoki te whanaketanga o ngā mahere mō te whanaketanga o te pikitia i roto i te whānui hoki reira.

Ko te turanga i runga i nei te hanganga katoa - te tikanga o dialectics, e ko, kōrero, mahi tahi, pakanga, me te mahi tahi tuituia. I runga i te tikanga ka hūtia paraharaha muri - tangata ngangahau. I raro i tenei whakamāramatanga, e pā ana ki te ara i roto i nei te whakapuaki iwi ratou kare i roto i te hapori.

Runga ake, i runga i te paraharaha o "faaiteraa tangata", e wha pou - te mizankadr pathos, mise en scene me te kōmeke. Ēnei tīwae, atu ïa, te āhuatanga ngātahi, i roto i tāutanga, te waihanga i te whakapakoko e hiahiatia ana e pā te tikanga o te whakaaro tangata. tahi ko te kaupapa o te toi tenei katoa, i roto i tenei take, i te kiriata. mahi atu i runga i te kiriata tā i roto i-hohonu ako o te pāpori me te hangarau. Ko te tino tika tenei, kia rite ki te wero kei mua i te kiriata, e whakawhänui tonu, te whakapai ake hangarau, te whakanui ake i kapinga o te whakarongo, kei te maranga nga paerewa kounga. haki hoahoa karaunatia ki te kupu "tikanga kiriata".

Papā Ko te kaha peia o toi

Kei te ngaro i roto i te kaupapa hanga o te kiriata ariā - Ko te kupu "pakanga" - pera te turanga i runga i nei kei te toi. Heoi, i whakaae Sergey Eyzenshteyn e te pakanga, ko te kaha peia o nga tukanga katoa e te hunga e rua takotoranga auaha, me te haamou. hāngai ana tona whakapono i runga i tona ake wheako tamarikitanga, ina e ia tahuri koati nesmyshlony i roto i ki te waiho i te rōpū ki te scenes rahi me kākā e puta i waenganui i te mau metua. Tei runga i te tupu te atamira i te reira, i roto i te ngaro o era atu pūāhua, i mama papa wāhi pehea whakaae te kino o te tahi atu, me pehea ki te kaiwehewehe te kōmaka i nei te mea tika, me te ko wai te mea he, me pehea te kaiwero o ratou ora pouri, a tae noa rite te ohipa kaiwhakaari i roto i taime o te puku he hoa faaipoipo. Ko reira he mea porotaka, e rere i tetahi o ratou ki tetahi. Ko te ora taua i roto i te pakanga tonu e kore i taea te takoto ki runga ki Sergei Mikhailovich outlook. riro te pakanga, kua tūturu, ai koe mea, he whenua tupuranga mo ia.

Tātari tō mua, Sergey Eyzenshteyn tuhi e kore ko te hinengaro o ana tamariki i te mahi kino kotahi tūturu tamariki noa. kihai i whatiia e ia taonga tākaro, e kore i taea e hanga i te karaka i roto i te tikanga ki te kite i te aha te roto ratou, e kore e kino ia e kore e nga ngeru me kuri teka, me te kore e-feliliuaki. I roto i te poto, ko reira te tamaiti tino. Sergey Eyzenshteyn, te haukiri o te kaiwhakahaere kua whakaurua e te tiwhikete māna tamarikitanga ore roa i mana'ohia katoa i roto i tona kiriata. E kore o faingamālie ki te whakawhanake fakanatula, ka tūhura ora rite tupu te reira ki nga tamariki noa katoa, whakakitea i roto ia ia i roto i nga tau i muri mai. No reira nga scenes toto o executions, kohuru, me ētahi atu, Etc .. enei tikanga pukuriri katoa o mana i runga i te whakarongo, i runga i to ratou konä, ka karanga Eisenstein wae.

tāpiritanga pūngāwerewere whakatau mate ranei?

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, tona haurongo tohu e ko ia tino tangata kouma, kei ngā pūngāwerewere nga meka, i piri ia faufaa nui.

I ako i roto i te rua o nga tau o te Institute o Civil Engineers, i unu ia ki te vortex o te kaupapa hou. I roto i te Hui-tanguru 1918, i haina Eisenstein i te Army Whero, a haere ana ki te mua. Hoki e rua nga tau i i mahi ia i roto i te hanga hōia, whai wāhi ia i roto i te kaupapa hei kaiwhakaari, me te kaiwhakahaere, me te whakangungu pepeha whakatö-peita waka.

I te 1920 ka tukua e ia he tikanga kāwanatanga tuku ngā ākonga ki te hoki ki kareti me ki te whakahou i te tukanga mātauranga. Sergey i tenei wa he reka mo te ora tapere, a kihai i vēkeveke ki ano ki te mahi i hanga, me te hoahoanga, rite ui i te mau metua. tapaea e ia ki te tonu ana akoranga i te Academy o te General kaimahi, me te whāinga i roto i te heke mai ki te riro i te translator o Japanese. i pera whakamatautau e whakaaro Eisenstein te tuku. E tenei wa i oho te whakapaipai i mua ki a Moscow, te wahi whakawhanake tere te ora - a whakaari i roto i ngā. I roto i te po nō ina ia hopea faaoti ki te wahi i ki te hoahoanga, tukutahi ki te timatanga o tona ora hou totitoti ana hei whakaeke ngakau ohorere ora o tona papa - Mihaila Osipovicha Eyzenshteyna.

Mai i taua wa i timata ai ia te mahi angitu me te tere o te kaiwhakahaere kiriata ao-rongonui Sergeya Eyzenshteyna.

Mauruuru koe Pita Greenaway

I roto i te 2015, tukua nga mata kiriata e Pita Greenaway "Eisenstein i Guanajuato". Kua meinga tenei pikitia ambivalence Distributors Russian, Heoi āhua Greenaway e kore i tonu nekehia te kiriata kotahi e pā ana ki te kaiwhakahaere whakamiharo - he mahue nui. Me ki mohio he aha te ahua o te tangata i nui Sergey Eyzenshteyn iwi. Biography, te ora whaiaro o kaiwhakahaere me tona mahi i roto i te kiriata rapu ako me te rangahau. e kore te tikanga e ia ki te faaino i te poto. I te anga ke, e hiahia ana ia ki te whakaatu pehea kua puta ke te ao he tangata pūmanawa i muri i haere huri noa i te motu, e kore e akiaki e te tikanga totalitarian. I muri i te katoa, no te tangata e kore te ngaro e i muri i toru nga tau o ako te ora me tikanga o iwi i roto i Europa, USA ko Latin America Sergey radically ke tona tirohanga o te whāinga me ngā mahi o te pikitia Soviet. Ko te mahere Greenaway - tuarua te kiriata e pā ana ki to tatou compatriot tino, "Handshake Eisenstein." I tenei wa, e hiahia ana Greenway ki te whakaatu i te ora o te kaiwhakahaere nui ki te haere i waho te Soviet Union.

hanganga outlook

Eisenstein i te timatanga rawa o tona haerenga nui wahi i roto i Europe hokona desyatitomnik Frazer "te Golden peka,". Ko reira no te mea o tenei pukapuka, kua huihuia e ia ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki akonoanga o te ao mai i nga wa onamata ki te hakari. Ko te whakaaro o te atua rite totokore, mate ka whakaarahia, meinga i roto i a ia te whakaaro o pahikara ki te ao rauemi katoa.

Kua whakatuwheratia tekau ra i roto i te Mexico a ia i te tirohanga hou i runga i whanaunga pāpori i roto i te whānui me te pikitia i roto i ngā. ka kite ia e taea te rangimarie he wāhi āhua iti fakataha pāpori tata katoa whakahau hītori - te tahito ra, feudal, capitalist me ara-pāpori.

hiahia ana ahau ki te mōhio e i roto i Mexico kia tawhiti, neke atu i te 70 tau, whakaaro Eisenstein te te tau kotahi kaiwhakahaere. E kore te mea poitirere tenei, no te mea he reira reira whakaaro nasnimal 80 000 mita o te kiriata. Ko reira rongonui ki kāinga, me to ratou ara o te ora, ngā kōrero tuku iho motu, te ataahua o te whenua, fakatamaki fakanatulá, me te rota o ngā kōrero, me ngā taipitopito o te ora o Latinos.

No te mea o te hōhonutanga o te mana pupuri e kore tatou e whai i te whai wāhi ki te kite i tenei mea katoa, i te mea he aroha. I roto i te US, e hāngai ana i runga i Eisenstein kamupene "Paramount" tāuta he torutoru kiriata e kua riro te angitu nui. Taipitopito e pā ana ki te putaputa pouri ki kiriata taea te pānui i roto i te moheni "Mata Soviet" mo 1974, te kaituhi - R. Yurenev.

Hoki kāinga, Sergei Mikhailovich, tahi ki te kaituhi (rite i roto i te tata mua Chekist) Aleksandrom Rzheshevskim whakaritea ki te mahi i runga i tetahi atu kiriata. I tenei wa o te collectivization - ". Bezhin wiwi" Ka tango rite te pūtake te aamu o Pavlik Morozov, e, kia rite ki mea whakaaro e Eisenstein, patua e ringa o tona ake papa. I roto i te kaimahi kē tuatahi kore te hahi ki te whakarite i roto i tona karapu. I roto i te tuarua - e ngana ana te peasants ki te whakaora i te hahi i te ahi. I rāhuitia te kiriata mō take wä, engari horoia te te kiriata atu. he torutoru anake pikitia ki rīpene i te kiriata. pā ratou te kaha o te pānga hinengaro i runga i te pūtirotiro.

Ko te whakarau o te kaiwhakahaere whakairia i te pauna. Ia matatau tonu mawhiti hopu, ka iri i whakaako i VGIK, engari te hopoia whakatikaia a i te whai wāhi ki te mahi i runga i, i teie nei i runga i te kiriata tāmau whenua "Alexander Nevsky".

"Noho ia, whakaaro, a ko anaanatae", - he Epitaph taua rite ki te kite i te kuao Sergei Mikhailovich i runga i tona tohu.

I te mutunga o te ora i muri i te whakaeke ngakau, i puta i roto i 1946, Eisenstein, tātari ratou ake iku'anga, tuhituhia, āhua, i rapu tonu i te reira no te kotahi anake te mea - he ara ki te whakakotahitanga me te houhanga rongo o nga rōpū papā. Ko te hunga te pato'iraa e peia tukanga katoa i roto i te ao nei. He haerenga ki Mexico whakakitea ia e kore e taea te uniana, Heoi, - marama te titiro Sergey reira - he ratou rawa tūturu ki te whakaako coexistence rangimarie.