Stolypin kaupapa here whakaruru: te whakaaro me ngā hua

hoatu te kingitanga o te wā Romanov o te ao e rave rahi mau taata tino nei i hanga i te mua hītori nui o te iwi Russian. Petr Arkadevich Stolypin - tetahi o nga whika tōrangapū pokapū i roto i ngā rau tau XIX-XX. kaupapa here Immigration, ko he vanavanaiki o ona tautooraa ripeneta, whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o Siberia. Ko reira toro whakawhetai Petru Arkadevichu rohe Russian tawhiti tua atu nga Urals, ko Siberia me te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti, ko te pokapū ahumahi nui rawa o te whenua.

reforomatio tuakiri

no Pita Arkadevich ki te whānau kahurangi pai. I roto i tona hapu ki reira i tokomaha hōia tino nei ka mau wahi i roto i te nui whawhai XVII, XVIII rautau. Na roto i te mātauranga me te tūranga teitei i roto i te hapori, i whakaritea Stolypin i kaiwhakahaere o te rangatira, a ka, i muri i o te tekau tau i te tokorua, te pou o Minita o Taiwhenua o te Russian Empire.

Kei te whai wāhi hoki tōna whakaaro ki te revolution o 1905. I roto i te arepurepu o te ngangare ki a riri Pita Abramovich mahi tupato, me te whakatutuki. Ana tono i te wairua auaha e hiahiatia ana i roto i te mau tau fifi.

Kia aroha mai, nohopuku whakawhanake uira mahi o te kaupapa here tino o emepaea Russia tapahia i poto noa rite tere. I roto i te 1911, ka patua e ia. Engari kia rite ki te taonga tuku faufaa rahi mahue ki whakatupuranga heke mai te pūmanawa ahumahi o te rohe Siberian ko Far Te Tai Rāwhiti, i näianei i te whanaketanga o i hoatu tona kaupapa manene.

Rangimarie "revolution" Stolypin

I roto i te tikanga ki te matau te mea ko nga whāinga o te kaupapa here whakanohonoho, a tautika arotake i te hua, he mea e tika ana ki te titiro i te mau tautooraa whakahou o Pita Abramovich. Mai te whakanohonoho o peasants i Siberia ko te wāhi o te Stolypin whakahou agrarian, Kei te hoki i huaina nei te kaiahuwhenua.

I roto i te tuhinga o mua, he tokomaha i huaina ai he "revolution rangimarie", rite ki te whakatau i tangohia tuwhena - huringa tuwhena i roto i te ahuwhenua me te raupapa kaiahuwhenua o te ora. Ko te riri o te tini, kihai i meinga e ratou kia rite ki te iwi i homai te whai wāhi ki te whiriwhiri i ratou ake heke mai - haere hoki te whanaketanga o Siberia, noho i roto i te wahi Pākehā o Russia ranei.

Take o whakahounga kaiahuwhenua Stolypin

Ko te hua o te revolution i roto i 1905 i hanga reira mārama - te ara tūmatanui o te ora kaiahuwhenua hipa ake tona whai:

• i aukati tupu Industrial,
• Russia noho te mana agrarian,
• tupu te riri o te iwi.

E hiahiatia ana ngā huringa taketake me te whanaketanga o te pūmanawa ōhanga te whenua o. Ko te whāinga matua o te kaupapa here whakanohonoho i ïa te whanaketanga o ngā rohe hou.

kua I te timatanga o te rau tau XX kua whakahē te tōtika o whenua tūmatanui no te mea kihai nga peasants i hiahia ki te haumi i te rota o te mahi i roto i te whenua, e taea e i tetahi wa kua tangohia atu, ka tukua i runga i ki tetahi atu hapori. I takoto te tikanga ki te whanaketanga o te mana tūmataiti me te mana tūmataiti.

i kaupapa Immigration he whāinga:

1. Te whakawhanake taonga tūmataiti, me te whakaiti i te riri o te peasants.

2. nohoia papatipu ta'efiemālie 'tae noa atu i te whakapaipai.

3. Ki te ako i te whenua hou i roto i Siberia me te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti.

4. Waihanga tikanga mo te whanaketanga ahumahi o te whenua.

Legacy S. Yu. Vitte

He mea nui ki te mōhio e te hiahia mo te whakahou ara mahino S. Yu. Vitte. I roto i ana mahi ako ia nga raruraru katoa o te kaupapa here kāinga o te Russian Empire me i taipitopito peitatia nga huarahi ki te whakapai ake ia ratou. ngā ano te rārangi te ao hou, o te ahuwhenua ngā wāhi - ara, te hiahia hoki tona whanaketanga tere (e tika ana ki te hangarau, me te kore mahi ā-ringa), me te hanga o te mākete hua whakataetae.

I roto i te faaineineraa i te whakahounga Stolypin whakamahia te wheako o Witte. Ka taea e tatou te mea e whakatinana Stolypin te hanganga, rite engari kahore oti Witte i te hononga ki tona rīhaina. Heoi, e kore e taea e koe te whakaiti i te faufaa o Stolypin, pera i reira ia e taea ki te riria te Tsar Nicholas II i te hiahia mō te huringa me te hanga he koha taketake ki te whakahaere o te tukanga o ratou te whakamahi i ngā.

Te tikanga kaiahuwhenua whakahou

Ko te tino tūhonohono ki te uara o te whakahou kaiahuwhenua te ngako o te kaupapa here whakaruru. I roto i te 1905, pakari i kotahi 2 raruraru:

1. Economic.

2. Social.

faaite Tuatahi i roto i te kore o te kai, me te whakaiti i pūmanawa ahuwhenua te whenua o. kihai pāmu hapori i te whakarato i tētahi taumata e tika ana o te production. kihai i te mākete te manawarü hua matua - whakataetae.

Ko te tuarua - i roto i te kaimahi o te whenua parahua. Whanaketanga o te rohe o te Empire kihai i tukua kaimahi ki te whiwhi whenua mō te whakamahi whaiaro. I muri i te whakatau ki whakaaro mana tūmataiti e te nuinga o nga whakahaere e hāngai ana-hapori i muri i te whika nui rawa. Tenei takoto te tikanga o te whakahou kaiahuwhenua, te matua o i ko te kaupapa here manene.

Hua o te "revolution" rangimarie

Ko te hua o te whakahou agrarian ko te whakariterite anō o te hapori, me te hanga o te apa o kaipupuri whenua. Tenei whakaaetia te Russian Empire mō te 10 tau ki te tomo i te ao hoko hokohoko. Mai i Siberia anake kaweake he maha record o te hinu, me te witi. ko Russia i runga i tona tūranga ārahi i roto i tāwāhi.

I roto i te ahuwhenua, i reira ko te revolution ahumahi. Hoki te wa i whakaritea, i hanga maha wheketere mō te hinu, me te witi tukatuka, me te hua e pā ana.

kua takoha whanaketanga o te whakataetae Moscow me mahara ana St. Petersburg mahi e pā ana ki te kounga o ngā hua, huarahi haepapa ki te whakahaere o te watea o kaimahi.

Whakataunga o Siberia me te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti, a ka ki te kia painga i te wāhi tōrangapū o te tirohanga. taea te riro wāhi taramore e te whenua tata.

kaupapa here whakaruru Stolypin

40 tau i mua i te innovations reformist Pita Abramovich, tamata Siberia ki noho e te tuku herehere whakaritea i tona kāinga taupua. Heoi, i te wāhanga rawakore o te taupori, pau e te ora puni, te whanaketanga o te rohe e kore rite taua i puta. No tetahi hiahia ki te noho i roto i nga kainga kino.

Ahakoa i roto i te 1889 i ture ngä reira te tukanga o te whakanohonoho ki Siberia, engari e kore e te te pānga e hiahiatia ana i kawea mai.

I roto i tenei whakaaro, ka whakaritea e Stolypin ki te whakahere tūao te kaimahi pukumahi ki te haere ki te ako me te whakawhanake whenua wātea, o te akoranga, i runga i te pūtake o pai mo ratou. I roto i te i whakamatautau tikanga ki te whakahere, whakaae matou ki te neke tangata, a ka utua i roto i te whenua.

Kihai i ngāwari, he tokomaha kua hoki katoa o reira. Ko te whakawhetai ki te kaimahi tino anaanatae i roto i te kainga Siberian, he tau torutoru i muri i reira ko hiko atu i kore e taea e whakamanamana o te whakaaro i mua taramore o Pākehā Russia. Kua riro maha hapu ngā te mana o kaihokohoko, tohu ratou ora tika i roto i te wahi hou.

ara Hard ki whenua free

mahara torutoru iwi, ka whakahoki i te pātai "He aha i nga hua o te kaupapa here whakaruru?", Mō tetahi paetae nui. Kua whakaaetia te tupu o te rere taupori, te whakanui ake i te maha o te kaha mahi, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te whanaketanga o te ahumahi i roto i te wa poto ngā ki te whakaoti i te hanga o te rerewhenua Siberian.

E ara ko te "koura-ara" ki Siberia. A no te mea e kore e tika kawe keria i roto i te koura märau runga reira. ka te haamaitairaa o te taupori e tika ana ki te hoko o te witi, paraoa, pata, me te kai whakawhetai taea ki te raina rerewhenua. I tua atu, i te aroaro o te w / te karere ngā manene hou.

whakawhenumi o manene

I roto i te katoa, e pā ana ki 16% o te taupori kihai i tangohia e pakiaka i roto i Siberia, a hoki ana ki te wahi Pākehā o Russia. I roto i te tau whakahou - i 1905 ki te 1914 - kua mahue e pā ana ki 3.5 miriona iwi ki te tūhura rohe hou, a anake 500 mano hoki ka haere mai ..

Taketake iwi o Siberia kihai i hari e pā ana ki o ratou hoa hou, maha kite pakanga i waenganui i te taupori me te manene. Neke atu i te wa, te Eskimos, Khanty, Mansi me iwi atu mahino nga hua o te mahi ki te ngā tāngata, no te mea Ua haapii ratou ratou ki te pānui i ka tuhituhi, tukua ki te mahi i roto i hinonga, oaoa i te painga o te ao, tae atu ki rongoā.

Ki te i te timatanga o te whakanohonoho i matatau e pā ana ki te 18% o nga tangata o Siberia, ka he tau torutoru i muri mai to ratou maha tae ki 80%. I roto i nga pa, i hanga e matou nga pūtahi mātauranga kura, tuarua, me te teitei.

Ahunga o ngā wāhi noho tangata

Ko te tino rerekē te āhuarangi o Siberia i te mua, kahore e mohio kaipupuri whenua katoa nga ture o pāmu i roto i climates maroke. Ko te tāngata i te wā pakeke. Heoi, ka mau i runga i te wheako o te whenua Nordic me nga iwi taketake o te Te Tai Tokerau, i taea ki te tuhi wā ki te haere ki Moscow ko St. Petersburg te taumata o te hanga atu i te whakamutunga tino wenewene iwi. whakaarohia Nicholas II ki te whakakorehia i te hoko o taonga i Siberia, engari no te mea ko tona rohe wahi o te Empire, kihai i whakaurua taua here.

• Na roto i te 1915 i runga i nga whenua whakaruru i hanga e rave rahi mira tatini. kua rai Siberian me te paraoa i roto i te tono tiketike i roto i te mākete Pākehā.
• Kei te hoki te whakawhanake tere Livestock. Tenei hua i roto i te hanga o te pata, he waiu, me te tahi atu hua miraka. hinu Siberian hokona noa atu, me te utu whiwhi technique tāwāhi.
• E kore e taea ki te whakahua Siberia, e kore mahara te keri koura. Ko te rohe pūtea hiahia i muri i tona whanaketanga. He rota o kamupene mo te tangohanga o te koura, me konganuku te tīariari i runga i te moni ke, i hoatu te tīmatanga ki te whanaketanga o maina hou me ngä märau. e kore e maha manene tiki i te painga e hiahiatia, ka haere ratou ki roto ki te ngahere ki te tamata ratou waimarie, mahi kaikeri.

Ko te hua o te kaupapa here whakaruru Stolypin

tikanga Whāinga me ngā hua o te kaupapa here whakanohonoho o hītori Pita Abramovich ambiguously. whakaaro te tangata e rahua te mahi i runga i te whanaketanga o whenua hou i. I muri i tona mutunga, kahore i ratou i tutuki - kihai i kitea hoki te iwi te oaoa ki te wahi Pākehā o te whenua rawakore, te kiato o te taupori o Siberia noho iti me te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti. Heoi, tangohia torutoru ki pūkete te pūmanawa ahumahi e kua whakawhiwhia i whakatikatikaina ai tenei rohe.

Na reira, ki te whakahoki kupu i te pātai "He aha i nga whāinga, me ngā hua o te kaupapa here whakanohonoho Stolypin" tu motu ke i nga hua o te whakahou kaiahuwhenua. I muri kapi i te timatanga o te rau tau 20 ki te ra hakari Siberia ko te rohe nui ahumahi. e kore ai tenei meka e te tohu tino nui o te whai huatanga whakahaere Petrom Arkadevichem huringa pāhoro rangimarie, tae atu i te whakanohonoho o nga tangata o te wahi Pākehā o Russia.