Tākirirangi Russian "Rokot": whakaahuatanga, ngā āhuatanga me ngā meka ngā

Ko te tākirirangi "Rokot", - te kawe tākirirangi Russian, i te mea e taea ki te whakaora ki te āmionga o ututaumaha marama, me te reo. I runga i te atamira o runga "Breeze-KM ', whakaatu reira ki runga ki te 2150 kg o ututaumaha ki te teitei o 200 km.

History o hanga

He aha te mea he tākirirangi kawe "Rokot"? Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i fakavaha'akonitinēnití pere ballistic UR-100N, ano e mohiotia ana ko SS-19 Stiletto. timata te whanaketanga UR-100N i 1970 ki te whāinga o te whakapai ake i ICBMs UR-100, me te hanga i tētahi waka rererangi nui e taea ara pikaunga taimaha.

i whakahaeretia whakamātautau Flight i roto i te wā i 1973 ki te 1975, a ka whakahaere te pūnaha i te 1974. I 1978, i hanga e ia te tapeke rārangi o 190 missiles. Te putanga ake, ka karanga UR-100UTTH, ua faaue i roto i 1979, ka whakakapi te tauira tawhito, pa he rakau mōrahi o 360 wae.

Te whakangungu rakau karihi

Ka taea e UR-100 missiles kawe ake ki te ono warheads takitahi targetable motuhake ki te whānuitanga o 10,000 km. Ka taea te rite ratou ki te rere hoki te 25 meneti i tetahi-tau 22 te ora papa. Intercontinental pere ballistic UR-100 me tonu i roto i te taviniraa.

I muri i te mutunga o te Pakanga Cold i te patu Khrunichev Khrunichev i waihanga, ka rite rawa ki te Avionics hou, me te wā o runga "Breeze-KM ', i whakaaetia ki a ia te whakamahi i rite waka whakarewatanga wāhi. NGO "Engineering" revolutionized ano te UR-100 whakarewanga waka, engari kahore whakarerekētanga nui, te hanga i te taputapu iti ngāwari, engari iti te utu mō te tango i payloads iti ki te ohuraa whenua iti. I roto i tenei whirihoranga, kua mohiotia ai rite "Pere".

Mai i te cosmodrome Baikonur i Plesetsk

I tū te whakarewatanga tuatahi o "Rokot" whakarewatanga Whiringa 20, 1990 i te Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan. ka mau te rere orbital tuatahi wahi i runga i Hakihea 26, 1994. A i roto i te 1995, hoatu te kamupene Eurockot, ki te awhina o nei te kawe Russian tākirirangi "Rokot" i i hanga i runga i te mākete mō rōnihi arumoni.

Kua riro te kamupene 45 waka ātea. I roto i te 2000, ka hokona Astrium i te 51% tĭtĭ Eurockot. Ko te toe 49% nona Khrunichev. I roto i te Mei 2000, i te cosmodrome "Plesetsk" "Rokot" i kore whakarewahia i te aku, rite tupu ki te "Baikonur", me o ipu waka whenua.

Ko te tākirirangi "Rokot": Āhuatanga

Ko te waka ātea, ko te rua-wā te nuinga o te wā rawa "Breeze KM" Zhidkotoplivnyy booster ki te atamira whakamutunga, i te mea e taea ki te whakaora i te ututaumaha o runga ki te 2140 kg āmionga whenua iti, me te 1200 kg ra-tukutahinga.

Āhuatanga o te tākirirangi kawe "Rokot" e whai ake nei:

• teitei o 29.15 m,
• te diameter nui o 2.5 m,
• tīmata taimaha o 107 000 kg,
• Fuel - dimethylhydrazine unsymmetrical (heptyl) me te hauota tetroxide.

atamira tuatahi

Ko te wāhanga tuatahi o te kawe tākirirangi marama piha "ngaehe" Ko 17.2 m te roa, me te 2.5 m te whānui. Kei tank ki te hauota tetroxide te runga ake te oko ki dimethylhydrazine unsymmetrical. E rua tank noa wehea e te arai he. Ara taimaha - 77.200 kg, 5700 kg inertnaya-.

Kei te whakamahia te wāhanga e toru tuatahi RD-0233 me RD-0234 anake. He rite o ratou whakaaro, engari te RD-0234 he exchanger wera e kaiwhakawhiwhi hau kōpeke ki waka tauā wahie ki te pupuri i ratou i roto i te pēhanga e hiahiatia ana puta noa i te wāhanga tuatahi o te rere.

papu mīhini huri hiko ki koropiko kati - Katoa engines. Ia whakarato werohia 470 KN e te katoa o 1.870 KN ranei 190.700 kg. Korehau Rod atamira tuatahi - 2070 KN (211.100 kg) engine 520 KN.

whakaratohia Mana e te whakatārewatanga gimbal takitahi o ia o nga engines wha. Haora - 121.

kawea te wehenga i roto i roto i ngā āhuatanga wera. mura Vernier pūkaha o te atamira tuarua kei te aroaro o te taahiraa wehenga. ka tono pao wha nozzles jet roto. I muri tīmata pyrotechnic vernier whakapau tikanga pana te wā tuatahi pau. I tua atu, kua rite rawa ai ki wha totoka motors tākirirangi e mura i muri i te wehenga ki te tango i reira ki te tawhiti haumaru.

Ko te wāhanga tuarua

Ko te wāhanga tuarua, ko te 3.9 m te roa, me te 2.5 m te whānui. Ko tōna taimaha 1,500 kg me 10.700 kg o wahie. Tank ki te āpitihāora me te tank wahie kei i runga, ka wehea i reira i te arai noa.

rite rawa te atamira i te pūkaha matangirua o te huringa kati: te rangatira o te RD-0235 me te vernier 0236 RD-wha-chambered ki te whakahaere i te aronga o te rere.

RD-0235 he akina korehau iti o 240 KN (24,470 kg), no te whakarato he pini o 320 p.

RD-0236 whakarato te pamu 15,76 KN (1,607 kg) me 293 whakahaere. taea e whakakorikoria ia o nga nozzles wha o te pūkaha i roto i te gimbal haere tetahi tuaka, te whakarato i te takotoranga pere mana i te wāhanga tuarua o te rere. He Kei te whakamahia hoki te hau wera pūnaha ki te hanga i te pēhanga e tika ana i roto i te tāke.

atamira o runga

rawa "Ngunguru" te tākirirangi te ki te atamira o runga, e ngā o toru ngā wāhanga matua - nekeneke, encapsulation o te wehenga utanga me te wehenga takawaenga, kua honoa ki te atamira tuarua.

"Breeze KM" he 2.6 m i roa, 2.5 m te whānui, me te papatipu o te 1320 kg. tank Heptyl kei runga ake i te ipu ki te āpitihāora. Ko te whakamutunga he puka koeke, me te hikinga ki hāngai te pūkaha matua. "Breeze KM" taea hāngai 1665 kg me 3310 kg UDMH āpitihāora. Ki te mau tonu te pēhanga e hiahiatia ana i roto i te waka tauā me te mana whāhauhau te whakamahi i haumāmā pēhanga teitei.

Ko te wahi pokapū o te poraka ngā o te ipu ki te āpitihāora, tikanga i runga ake i te tank wahie. E rite rawa rua tāke ki ngā pūnaha waipēhi me te whāhauhau, me baffles ā-ki te ārai wai patu i te taiepa o te hanganga. E ratou he āhua toroidal ki te hikinga i te raro mo te pūnaha toko matua, tuku ki te whakaiti i te roa o te atamira. Kei raro ko te wehenga ki te engines matua toko me te stabilization me te takotoranga, me tāke porohita ki haumāmā, me te penehīni ki a ratou. hipoki taputapu ki waiariki mātao ārai tautauā nui o te wahie e pā tona pokey, a taea arahi ki mīti o putorino, me tāke.

kokoru taputapu

I roto i te wahi o runga o te poraka i roto i te kōaro rāpopototia tihi Kei taputapu wehenga arā, o papa, whakarato i te tāutanga o ngā pūmana rerekē, kōwae telemetry, pūhiko me ngā pūnaha kōrero. whāurutau Hototahi ki 2.49 m te whānui.

I te raro ko 60 cm whāurutau honotanga "Breeze KM" ki te atamira tuarua, me te whakarato whakapuru i te fairings.

I roto i te whakanui e whakatinanahia ngā pūnaha kōwae e rua wahie: he pēhanga iti mo te pūkaha matua me te pēhanga tiketike stabilization pūkaha me te takotoranga. I roto i rua whakamahia chetyrohokis dimethylhydrazine unsymmetrical me hauota, e kua mura tonu i muri i haere mai ki te whakapā ki ia atu.

engines booster

engines mana huru whakamahia ki "hau KM" e 17D58E taitara, me te whakarato i te akina iti o 13.3 N. ia poraka kua he roa o 14 cm, me pauna i whakahaeretia 550 g micromotor urupare te i te ōwehenga te ranu o 1: 1,85 me te tāuru ränei faahepo 14.7 pae, engari he reira e taea ki te tu atu tenge tiketike mai i 7.8 ki te 34.3 pae. Hoki ngā pūnaha mana huru toko whakamahia i roto i te aratau pākau i te wa iti o 0.03 s whakahaere, engari 17D58E whaimana ano hoki ki te mahi tonu hoki ki runga ki te 10,000 hēkona. Ko te pūkaha taea e tu 450,000 huringa.

Ko te pūnaha supply mana booster

"Breeze CM" rawa te ki ona ake pūnaha mana supply arā, o te pūnaha pākahiko me te mana tohatoha e whakarato ake ki 7 haora o te atamira mahi ki te āmio. Taputapu wehenga ngā pūrere telemetry ki foaki me Antennas, me te rīpene mō te rokiroki raraunga me te tuku. arata'iraa, whakatere me te mana, ko te kawenga mō te rere i ngā wāhanga katoa. Kei a ia ko te tūāpapa ki te arata'iraa inertial arā, o te wira tuaka-3 ki te rorohiko onboard. Ko te pūnaha he hapanga, takitoru ki nuinga whakatau-kaupapa. Ko reira tino motuhake, me te kore e taea te mana i te waho.

cowling

rawa "Rokot" pere e ki te fairing, i hangaia mō te putanga arumoni o te waka ātea. Kei te tāuta i te reira i roto i te wā o runga mauhaa wehenga. Kei a ia ko e rua nga wahi o 7.8 m i roa, e tahi i te puka porotītaha o 2.5 ki te 2.62 m te whānui. A tuu i te ututaumaha he 5.9 m i te tiketike.

Ko te fairing tiaki te waka ātea i te mau mana aerodynamic, waiariki, me te oro faaitehia te ki runga ki a ia i roto i te rere i roto i te huru. A, no te rau reira tukua te fairing tākirirangi e whakatuwhera te maukati aunoa, te whakamau rua hawhe-anga haere te rārangi poutū o te wehenga i te pūrere pyrotechnic whakanohoia i roto i te ihu o te fairing. Na i runga i te raina whakapae o te wehenga kopere e rave rahi raka taikaha, tuku te fairing ki titaria rerekë i roto i te puna tokotoko. Koromeke i te turanga o te hurihanga i roto i te ahunga o te waka, me te wehenga mārama.

pūnaha Rokiroki me te whakarewatanga

Rerekē te SS-19, e ka tīmata i te maina, hua whakarewatanga o te tākirirangi kawe "Rokot" te i te waka me te whakarewatanga ipu i te cosmodrome Plesetsk, Russia. E rongoa nga missiles mo te wa roa, e titau te reira i te mana o ngā takiwā makariri, me te whakaū i te huru hauota. hua hoki Transportation me te tāuta i te papa whakarewatanga i roto i te ipu. I tua atu, Kei te ipu tikanga mō taka mua whakarewatanga-me tiaki i te taiao.

I mua i te tīmata te whakawhānui reira, a i te booster whakaturia te ututaumaha, te wā o runga, me te fairing. Hei hono i te ipu mō te tamaa atanga me te kaha, me te raraunga taura. I roto i te tākirirangi tūranga tika "ngaehe" kei runga i te whakakai i te raro o te ipu. I roto i te manureva e momotuhia taura ka motu pūnaha aunoa. I roto i te whakarewatanga o te pūrere arahina e rua huapae. Ko te ipu tiaki te papa whakarewatanga o nga tukunga pūkaha, me te whakamahia kotahi.

meka ngā

Ko te whakarewa o tākirirangi "Rokot" ka kia mutu i roto i 2017 i muri i te whakatinanatanga o te rōnihi hānga ana, me te arumoni āta.

Ko te ingoa SS-19 Stiletto - ko NATO te ingoa mo tenei momo o te ICBM. tu SS mo te pūnaha "whenua-whenua" me te tokomaha 19 me te ingoa "Stiletto" whakaritea ki tenei momo o missiles ballistic fakavaha'akonitinēnití. I roto i Russia, te ingoa mōhiohio o te SS-19 - RS-18 me UR-100N.

Ko te mea pai e pā ana ki tākirirangi wāhi "Rokot" ta tona tika, whakapumautia nei e te 27 rōnihi angitu i roto i o 29. A, o nga 150 whakarewa SS-19 3 anake i momoho i te timatanga o te mahi i roto i te 1970. E tū rōnihi Test o SS-19 me "Rokot" ia tau hei wāhanga o te taki i te tika o te waka ātea, me nga mau haapiiraa o te ope rangi.