Tātaitanga o te kawenga wera mō whare whakawera: te tātai, tauira

A, no te hoahoa i te pūnaha whakawera, ahakoa te hanganga whare arumoni noho ranei, he mea e tika ana ki te kawe i roto i ngā tātaitanga, me te hanga hoahoa ara iahiko mātauranga o te pūnaha whakawera. Ngā aro ki tenei wāhi, tūtohu tohunga ki te utu taea ki te tātai i te kawenga waiariki i runga i te ara iahiko whakawera, ka i te nui o kohi wahie, me te putanga wera.

kawenga Heat: he aha te mea te reira?

Na roto i tenei wā tikanga o te nui o te wera i homai ake pūrere whakawera. He tātai tuatahi te kawenga i roto i te tupato utu faufaa mo te rironga o nga wāhanga o te pūnaha whakawera me ratou tāutanga wera. Ano, ka āwhina i tenei tātaitanga ki tuwha te nui o te wera ōhanga me taurite te noho puta te whare.

I roto i enei tātaitanga whakaurua reira he rota o onäianei. Hei tauira, te rauemi i i hanga te whare, mātao, rohe, me te pera i runga i. E tamata Tohunga ki te tango ki te pūkete rite ngā āhuatanga maha, me ngā āhuatanga mō te hua tika atu.

Tātaitanga o ngā hapa kawenga waiariki me haupūtanga hua i roto i te mahi hauarea o te pūnaha whakawera. Reira tupu noa e whai tatou ki te mahi anō wāhanga kua hanganga mahi, e arata'i ki pūtea hia. Ae, kei te tātai me ngā rōpū whaipainga te utu o ngā ratonga i runga i te pūtake o ngā raraunga kawenga wera.

āhuatanga matua

Me mau tonu Ideal pūnaha whakawera tātai me hanga te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana i roto i te ruma, me ki utu mo te mate wera puta. Counting kawenga Thermal i runga i te hiahia ki te tango i tuhipoka o te pūnaha hanga whakawera:

- Tumu o te whare: noho ahumahi ranei.

- ngā mōhiohio Taipitopito i runga i te hanganga o te āhuatanga hanganga. te reira matapihi, taiepa, tatau, tuanui me te pūnaha ventilation.

- Āhuatanga āhuatanga. Ko te teitei te uara, te kaha me te pūnaha whakawera. Kia tino ki te tango ki pūkete te rohe o nga tatau matapihi, tatau, taiepa waho, me te rōrahi roto o ia.

- te wātea o ruma mō ngā take motuhake (pati, sauna, me ētahi atu).

- Tohu o ngā pūrere taputapu hangarau. Ko, te aroaro o te wai wera, ventilation, rangi-conditioning me te momo o te pūnaha whakawera.

- Temperature whānui mo te ruma kotahi. Hei tauira, i roto i ruma hangaia mō te rokiroki, e kore e hiahia ana ki te mau tonu i te pāmahana whakamarie mo te tangata.

- Ko te maha o ngā ki te wai wera. Ko te atu, utaina te atu te pūnaha te.

- Ko te rohe o te papa ngingilá. ngaro Rooms ki French matapihi te nui nui o te wera.

- tikanga atu. I roto i te whare noho, kia waiho ai hei maha o ruma, balconies me loggias me bathrooms. Ko te ahumahi - maha o nga ra e mahi i roto i te maramataka tau, huri, mekameka hangarau o te tukanga whakaputa, me te pera i runga i.

- Ko nga tikanga te huarere o te rohe. A, no te tātai i te wera parekura e tangohia ki pūkete pāmahana waho. Ki te he iti nga rerekētanga, a ka waiho i te utu i te nui iti o te pūngao. Notemea i -40 ^{° C} i waho te matapihi, ka rapu utu whakapaunga nui.

Āhuatanga o ngā tūāhua tīariari

Tawhā ngā i roto i te tātaitanga o te kawenga waiariki, kei roto i Katikati me GOST. E hoki ratou tau whakarea whakawhiti wera motuhake. Passports o taputapu ngā i roto i te pūnaha whakawera, kua riro ngā āhuatanga mamati mo te whakamāramatanga o te whakamahana, kōhua, me ētahi atu me te tuku iho .:

- kohi o te wera, tangohia i runga i te mōrahi o tetahi haora o ngā pūnaha whakawera,

- te rere mōrahi o te wera e haere mai ana i te whakamahana,

- katoa parekura mahana i roto i te tetahi wā (te tikanga - te wa); ki te hiahia koe i te tātai kawenga haora i runga i te whatunga whakawera rohe, kia whakahaere te tātaitanga tango ki pūkete te huringa pāmahana i roto i te ra.

Kua whakaritea te tātai ki te rohe o te pānga ngāwhā o te pūnaha katoa. whiwhi te tohu kei te tika tika. Ētahi ine puta. Hei tauira, no te mea ka hiahia whare ahumahi ki te tango ki pūkete te whakaiti i roto i te kohi pūngao waiariki i runga i wiki me hararei, me i roto i ngā wāhi noho - i roto i te po.

Tikanga mo te tātai o ngā pūnaha whakawera i te maha o nga nekehanga o te tika. Hoki ngā taipitopito o hapa ki te tika iti ki te whakamahi i te tātai tika matatini. Iti kaupapa pū tono te kore te whāinga, ko te ki te arotau i te utu o te pūnaha whakawera.

Ko te tikanga matua o te tātaitanga

Ki te rā, ka taea te mahi i te tātaitanga o te kawenga wera mo te whakawera i te whare kotahi o ara e rua.

Ko te matua e toru

1. Hoki te tātai i te whika whakahiato e tangohia.
2. Kua tangohia hoki e te mahi o te whare āhuatanga hanganga o te turanga. He ka nui, me te tātai o te parekura wera haere mai ki te whakamahana rōrahi rangi ā-.
3. E tatau ka whakarapopototia ake nga taonga katoa ngā i roto i te pūnaha whakawera.

kotahi tauira

He he he tuawha kōwhiringa. E ia he hapa nui, mai e tangohia whika rawa toharite, e kore e nui o ratou ranei. Ko, tenei tātai - Q = q _{0 i} * te * V _H * (t _EH - t _NRA) i reira:

• q ₀ - motuhake āhuatanga waiariki o te whare (tino maha whakaritea e te wā rawa makariri)
• he - te ako tauwehe (i runga i te rohe, me te kua tangohia i te tepu tautuhia kē)
• V _H - rōrahi, tatau e te rererangi waho.

He tātai ohie

Hoki ngā hanganga ki ngā tawhā paerewa (teitei o te tuanui, te rahi ruma me te pai ngā āhuatanga mātao waiariki) e taea te tono ki te ako ōwehenga tawhā ohie mō te whakarea i runga i te rohe rānei.

Me kī e kei te whare e i roto i te rohe Arkhangelsk, me tona rohe - 170 mita pūrua. m. Ko rite ki te 17 * 1.6 = 27.2 Kw / h te kawenga waiariki.

he whakamāramatanga taua o pikaunga waiariki waihotia maha āhuatanga nui. Hei tauira, te āhuatanga hoahoa o te hanganga, te pāmahana, te maha o taiepa, te ōwehenga rohe o nga taiepa me tatau matapihi, a pera atu. Na reira, e kore e tika ana mō ngā kaupapa pūnaha whakawera nui taua tātaitanga.

rohe tātaitanga whakamahana

Tei te reira i runga i te rauemi e hanga i ai e ratou. Nuinga o ngā wā e whakamahia ana bimetallic tenei ra, konumohe, maitai, nui iti maka radiators rino. Ia o ratou kua ona ake tere o te whakawhitinga wera (waiariki mana). radiators Bimetallic ka te tawhiti i waenganui i te toki 500 mm, me te whai i te toharite o 180 - 190 Watts. radiators konumohe i nui te taua mahi.

tātai whakawhiti Heat whakamahana whakaahuatia te mo te kotahi wāhanga. Radiators, e kore e whakakopa pereti maitai. Na reira, takoto ratou whakarea whakawhiti wera e hāngai i runga i te rahi o te pūrere katoa. Hei tauira, he waiariki mana-rarangi whakamahana 1100 mm whanui me te 200 mm i roto i te tiketike, ka kia 1010 W me te pae whakamahana i hanga o te rino 500 mm whanui, me te 220 mm i roto i te tiketike, ka kia 1644 Watts.

Ko te tātai o te rohe o te whakamahana ngā o te tawhā taketake e whai ake nei:

- tuanui teitei (paerewa - 2.7 m)

- kaha wera (ia sq M -. 100 W)

- kotahi taiepa i waho.

whakaatu ēnei tātaitanga e mo nga 10 mita pūrua. pau m 1000 Watts o ngāwhā mana. wehea ana tēnei hua e te pānga waiariki o tetahi wāhanga. Ko te whakahoki, ko te maha e hiahiatia o ngā wāhanga whakamahana.

Hoki nga rohe tonga o to matou whenua, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te raki, whakawhanakehia e tukupu ana, me te whakatairanga i ngā āhuatanga.

tātai Toharite me tika

Homai whakaahuatia nga āhuatanga i runga, kawea te tātai toharite i roto e whai ake. Ki te 1 sq. hiahiatia m 100 Watts o te rere wera i roto i te wāhi o te 20 sq. kia whiwhi m 2000 Watts. Whakamahana (bimetallic rongonui konumohe ranei) o te wāhanga e waru tukuna e pā ana ki 150 Watts. Vahevahe 2000 e 150 whiwhi 13 wāhanga. Ko te mea tino rahi tātaitanga kawenga wera.

Ko te tangohia titiro te bit haamata'uraa. I roto i te meka, kahore uaua. Tenei ko te tātai:

Q _m = 100 W / m ² × S _(wāhi) m ² × q × q _{1 2 3} × q × q × q _{4 5 6} × q × q _7, ai:

• q ₁ - glazing momo (noa = 1.27, = 1.0 rua, takitoru = 0.85);
• q ₂ - taiepa wehe (ngoikore ngaro ranei = 1.27, pereki taiepa whakatakotoria 2 = 1.0, hou, tiketike = 0.85);
• q ₃ - te ōwehenga o te rohe katoa o te tatau matapihi i roto i te rohe papa (40% 1.2 = 30% 1.1 = 20% - 0.9 10% = 0.8);
• q ₄ - te pāmahana waho (tangohia te uara iti: ^-35 ° C = 1.5, ^C = -25 1.3 ^-20 1.1 C = -15 ^{° C} = 0.9, ^-10 ° C = 0.7);
• q ₅ - te maha o taiepa waho i roto i te ruma (katoa wha = 1.4, e toru = 1.3, he ruma kokonga = 1.2, he = 1.2);
• q ₆ - momo o te wāhi whakataunga i runga ake i te kaukau tātai (tuanui matao = 1.0, 0.9 = tuanui mahana, te piha ora te tahu = 0.8);
• q ₇ - teitei tuanui (4.5 m = 1.2, m = 4.0, 1.15, 3.5, m = 1.1, 3.0, m = 1.05, 2.5 m = 1.3).

Hoki tetahi o nga tikanga whakaahuatia e taea e ki te tātai i te kawenga waiariki o te whare fare.

tātaitanga tauira

Ngā me tikanga e whai ake nei. Te pāmahana iti rawa i roto i te wa makariri o te tau - -20 ^° C Room 25 mita pūrua. m ki te karaihe, takitoru, French matapihi, tuanui teitei o 3.0 m, taiepa pereki rua me te tuanui haaveavea. Ko te tātai, ko te rite whai:

Q = 100 W / m ² × m ² × 25 × 0.85 1 × 0.8 (12%) × 1.1 × 1.2 × 1 × 1.05.

Tutukinga 2 356.20, wehenga e 150. Ko te hua, ko te e i roto i te ruma ki enei tawhā he tika ki te whakaturia 16 wāhanga.

Ki te hiahia koe ki te tātai Gigacalorie

I roto i te ngaro o te mita pūngao waiariki i roto i te tuwhera whakawera ara iahiko tātaitanga kawenga wera mo te whakawera i te whare tatau kei te rite ki te tātai Q = V * (T ₁ - T ₂₎ / 1000 Kei hea:

• V - te nui o te wai i pau i te pūnaha whakawera, ranei taranata pea, m ^3,
• T ₁ - he maha tohu i te pāmahana wai wera whanganga i ^{° C,} ka riro te hoki rorohiko i te pāmahana ōrite ki te tetahi pēhanga i roto i te pūnaha. he ona ake ingoa tenei ahua - enthalpy. Ki te kore e taea te ara mahi ki te tango i te pānuitanga pāmahana ki huihui ki te tohu toharite. Ko reira i roto i 60-65 ^° C
• _T2 - te pāmahana o te wai matao. Whanganga reira i roto i te pūnaha he uaua, reira, whakawhanake he mahi haere tonu, i runga i te pāmahana waho rānei. Hei tauira, i roto i tetahi o nga rohe, i roto i te wa makariri, tangohia tenei ahua te rite ki te 5, i roto i te raumati - 15.
• 1000 - whakarea ki te whiwhi i te hua wawe i roto i Gigacalorie.

I roto i te take o te kawenga ngāwhā (Gcal / h) o te koropiko kati tatau te kore:

_{Mai i} Q = α * q _o * V * (t _te - t _nr) * (1 + K _nr) * 0.000001 te wahi

• α - tauwehe, hangaia ki te whakatika i nga tikanga makariri. Tangohia ki pūkete ki te he rerekē i ^-30 ° C te pāmahana waho;
• V - ko te rōrahi o te hanganga o te inenga waho;
• q _o - auau whakawera motuhake mo te t hanganga _nr homai = ^-30 ° C, whanganga i kcal / m ³ * C;
• t _{i roto i} - te pāmahana ā-tata o te whare;
• t _nr - hoahoa pāmahana waho mo te waihanga o te pūnaha whakawera;
• _Nr K - auau kookuhutanga. ōwehenga meinga tātai mate waiariki o te whare ki te kookuhutanga me te whakawhiti wera i roto i te wāhanga o waho ki te pāmahana i waho, whakaturia nei i roto i te wāhanga kaupapa.

Ko ahua rahi kawenga wera tatauranga, engari ko te tātai i homai i roto i te tuhinga hangarau tenei.

whakamātautau o te Atahanga ngāwhā

Piki, i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapiki ake i te tōtika o te pūnaha whakawera, hanga ki he te rangahau atahanga waiariki o te hanganga.

kawea tenei mahi i roto i roto i te pouri. Hoki te hua tika atu he tika ki te mau i te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenganui i te rūma me te waho: e kore e waiho te reira iti iho i te ^{pā ana ki} 15. Kua tahuri kōrekoreko rama, me te aano atu rama atu. He mea tika ki te horoi i te whariki, me te taonga ki te mōrahi, patoto ratou te pūrere, hoatu etahi hapa.

whakahaere te rangahau kei te āta, ka tuhia āta raraunga. Ko ohie te kaupapa.

Ko te wāhanga tuatahi e wahi roto. oho te pūrere te āta i tatau ki matapihi, tokanga ngā ki koki me ētahi atu hononga.

Ko te wāhanga tuarua - te tirohanga waho o te taiepa hanganga Atahanga waiariki. Tonu āta korenga i nga hononga, rawa te hononga ki te tuanui.

Ko te atamira tuatoru - tukatuka raraunga. Tuatahi hanga reira te pūrere, ka e whakawhiti pānui ki te rorohiko, ai hōtaka tukatuka mutunga tēnā, me te outputting te hua.

Ki te mahia te rangahau e te whakahaere whai raihana, ko reira ka pūrongo te hua o te mahi ki te aratohu whakahauanga. Ki te kawea te mahi i roto i fakafo'ituitui, e hiahia ana koe ki te whakawhirinaki i runga i to ratou matauranga, me te pea te Internet.