Tikanga ariā: he whakamārama poto

Tetahi ako pūtaiao fokotuu hanganga o te hanganga integrated o waiaro hono, whakaaro me ngā meka. Ko te rerekētanga taketake o te matauranga pūtaiao i te rā, ko te me hiahia mō te arotake tino o nga whakaaro whakaarohia katoa me te taunakitanga, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te whai o te tirohanga whāinga me te tikanga tino, a pehea ki te manatoko i te meka whiwhi, a i roto i te matauranga. He hōhonu, me te ariā tikanga rangahau. I roto i tenei tuhinga tango tatou i te titiro i te mua. Heoi, i mua i tahuri tatou ki te āhuatanga whakahauanga o te huarahi pūtaiao.

paearu o Popper

Ko te pera-ka karanga paearu o falsifiability o rangahau pāngarau tenei. Ko te kaituhi o te ariā, ko te tangata tohe Ingarangi nāianei pai-mohiotia Karl Popper. Tona whakaaro ko e tetahi ariā pūtaiao, me i raro tino e huaina ki te pūtaiao, ki te whakaū whakamātau mahi. Hei tauira, te rangahau pūtaiao-ako tā te ako o te tukanga hinengaro, me te kaupapa i roto i te hanganga o te tuakiri me te ture whāinga o te akoranga. Ka rite ki te putanga, tango o whai hua tikanga mātauranga. I roto i tenei take ka kia kitea nga paearu i roto i te whakamahi o ngā hua tūturu outputted tika tikanga rangahau.

tikanga rangahau ariā

Tetahi mahi, ki te kerēme i te reira ki te kia pūtaiao i roto i te natura, kia whai wāhi te paearu kore anake hoki whakamatautau i te whakaaro experimentally, engari ano hoki he tikanga whai hua mo te hanga o ariā me te rapu mō meka hou. I mua - mai te ra o te whakaaro tawhito - faaite i te tikanga rangahau hōhonu me te ariā. Te taumata ariā i roto i te pūtaiao, ko te whakaata whāinga puta tukanga, ngā tītohunga, regularities me hononga ā-e kua tutuki e te tikanga mahi o te tukatuka raraunga, whiwhi i ngā kitenga, ngā, me te pera i runga i. Ko te kupu, te tikanga rangahau ariā ko te ahua o te superstructure mo te hōhonu. Ko te whakamutunga e māngai puka titorehanga whakahuatia i roto i te mōhiohio whiwhi tika e rongo tangata me ngā pūrere motuhake. e kore te mea he whāinga puranga o meka tëtehi i roto iho, tona whāinga hopea - i te systematization me te hanga atu o ture, ariā, me whakaaro e pā ana ki te ao. tikanga rangahau ariā - he oti'a arorau, hanga nei i roto i te whakatūnga o whakapae pūtaiao me ariā i runga i te pūtake o te matauranga tīariari. Methods o rangahau ariā i te maha o ngā kōwhiringa rerekē:

• Abstracting. E whakaahua ana te tukanga o te oti'a i te āhuatanga motuhake o te kaupapa i roto i tona mohio mo te i roto i-hōhonu ako o te taha ngā o reira. Hei tauira, ko nga hua o te oti'a te ariā pērā i te tae, curvature, ataahua, me te pera i runga i.
• Whakaōkawa - tenei mahere matauranga i roto i te puka rohe tohu ina tangohia e ratou i runga i te ahua o tātai me ngā uara herenga.
• Te faaauraa. tohu te reira i te tetahi whakatau tino pā ana ki te faitatau o taonga e rua i runga i tetahi whenua i runga i te pūtake o te tuakiri i waenganui ia ratou i roto i te tahi atu āhuatanga āhuatanga.
• whakatauira lalahi - ako o te ahanoa i te tikanga o tauira waitara me muri mai whakawhiti te matauranga riro i runga i te taketake tātarihia.
• whaihanga Mental - i roto i te tikanga he rite ki te lalahi, engari kei te whakamahia whakapakoko hinengaro konei. I tua atu i reira te tīpakohia whaihanga rorohiko, e whakamahi ana te hōtaka me te he te rohe - te whakamahi tātai me tānga.
• Idealization - Ko te hanga o etahi ariā mō ngā kore e e te tīariari mau, engari to ratou he tauira o reira. Hei tauira, he pūangi, he hau pai, i te wāhi, raina āhuahanga, a na i runga i.