Tikanga māhanga

Twin tikanga o te rangahau i whakamahia i roto i te rapunga o tohu o te natura tuku o conditionality. E whakaatu ana tēnei tikanga te hononga o te tohuira me te taiao. whakaaetia māhanga tikanga iranga ki tatou whakatau tata i te uara o te predisposition ira ki pathologies maha, expressivity, penetrance, me nga tikanga mo te ahua o ngā momo enei atu ranei o mate. He tino whai hua i roto i quantifying determinism ira o (determinableness) etahi tohu raraunga Rangahau. I roto i tenei whakaaro, whakaaro te tikanga māhanga te tetahi o nga tikanga rangahau tino nui i roto i te kainga ine.

Ka taea e mahanga e ōrite. E hanga e ratou i roto i nga tīmatanga o te wehenga o te whakatō kākano, i roto i nei e rua (i ētahi wā atu) blastomeres whakawhanake kaiao (tonu). mahanga ōrite rerekē ira ōrite.

pēnei Kaituhitanga o tenei tikanga rangahau ko F. Galton.

Ahakoa te mau tamataraa, e he tikanga māhanga, i tenei ra e kore e whai te reira tono whānui mahi rite i mua. Ko e tika ana ki te kitea o atu pau tikanga rangahau hou tenei, tuku ahurei tautuhi predisposition ira ki te mate ngā.

Ko tā Twin tikanga whakatairite me mahanga dizygotic o monozygotic (uri e Kei roto e rua takitahi whanau whāngote singletons).

uri Monozygotic whakawhanake i roto i te taua hua wairakau. Ēnei mahanga i 100% o ratou ira. Ko te kupu, ko te rerekētanga i kitea i waenganui i a ratou, e kore e pā ana ki te take tuku. Whanaketanga o mahanga dizygotic puta i roto i oocytes rerekē e kua wairakau e parāoa rerekē. Tenei uri e 50% o te katoa ira rite sibs tikanga (uri o te rua o ngā mātua - tuākana). Heoi, i te wa ano o ratou whanau, hanga mātauranga tahi nga āhuatanga taiao noa. Ko te kupu, ko te tohu o ngā tohuira uri rerekētanga dizygotic whakaritea e te rerekētanga tohu.

Ko te rite o enei rōpū e rua o mahanga tātai kuputohu ōrite (discordant) me te reta (pukapuka whakataki). I tua atu, whakamana auau tätaitanga e i roto i nei whakawhanake i te tohu mate ranei i roto i ia rōpū i runga tuku iho.

Kei te wehea tikanga Twin ki te maha ngā wāhanga:

1. tīpako Hipanga.
2. Ko te taahiraa o te whakatau puka zygosity.
3. Hipanga hua aro mātai mā te whakataurite takirua.

Ko te tikanga rangahau i runga o te faufaa rahi i roto i te ako o te whanonga tuku, he tokomaha hopuhopu me "multifactorial" (puta tika ki te maha take) pathologies.

I roto i te iranga tangata whakamahia te kore anake matarohia engari ano te tikanga whakarerekētia o te ako māhanga. Na, ki te ako taea mō te whakapai ake i te maha o ngā āhuatanga mahara ki ngā tikanga whakangungu hinengaro o te mana e whakamahia ana e te hoa, kia rite i roto i te ako o te mate huka - te tikanga o te mau utuafare māhanga.

Whakapapa āhuatanga hinengaro o te maramarama, me te tuakiri wa kitea i roto i te uri, ranei wehea i roto i te aruaruraa wawe kawea ake motuhake, a kahore i raro i te mana o te taiao whānui, me te pāhekoheko ki a rātou anō.

I te wa ano e taea te whiwhi raraunga pono e kore te mea tonu te take. he tika ki te rerekētanga nahanaha i waenganui i-kore tenei mahanga me mahanga i runga i etahi whenua, me te āhuatanga pāpori me te hinengaro i roto i te tukanga o te whanaketanga i roto i te wā postnatal. whakawhāiti i ēnei āhuatanga te hōkai me te tono o te tikanga i runga ake.