Tikanga toi i roto i te tuhinga: momo me tauira

Ka rite ki matau koutou, ko te kupu, ko te wae taketake o tetahi reo, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te wae tino nui o ana tikanga toi. whakamahi tika o te reo te nuinga whakatau te expressiveness o kupu.

I roto i te horopaki o te kupu - ko te motuhake ao, he whakaata tirohanga o te kaituhi, me te pā ana ki te mooni. Ko te kuputuhi tuhituhi he ona te kupu whakarite, te tika, ratou mau heheuraa toi motuhake pono-ka karanga o nga āhuatanga reo pararau horopaki.

kitea perception takitahi o te ao huri noa ia tatou i roto i tenei kuputuhi ki te awhina o tauākī te kupu whakarite. I muri i te katoa, toi - he matua he whaiaro kīanga-o te takitahi. whatu papanga Literary te i whakarite, te hanga ngaru, me te mahi i runga i te kare ahua o te mahi o te toi. I roto i te mau parau i reira he uara atu, tae stylistic motuhake, te hanga i te ahua o te ao e ite i tatou na roto i te tai'oraa i te kuputuhi.

Ehara i anake i roto i te tuhinga, engari ano hoki i roto i te waha, reo kīwaha whakamahi tatou kahore whakaaro, ki ngā rautaki rerekē o whakapuaki toi, hoatu a reira etahi kare, te taparuraa, whakaahua. Kia kite a he aha whakaaro toi kei roto i te reo Rusia.

Rawa e tauturu te reira ki te hanga i te whakamahi whakaputa o whakarite, na kia tīmata a ki a ratou.

kupu whakarite

e kore e taea te whakaaro tikanga toi i roto i te tuhinga i waho te faahiti i te nui tino o ratou - he kupu whakarite. Ko tenei he huarahi ki te waihanga i tētahi pikitia reo o te ao i runga i te pūtake o kē ngā i roto i te reo o ngā uara.

Momo o ngā pūrākau ko te whai ake:

1. Petrified, mau, maroke ranei hītori (kopere o te kaipuke, he ngira).
2. Kïwaha - ātete huinga āhua o kupu e riro kare, whakarite, reproducibility i te haamana'oraa o maha kaikōrero, expressivity (putunga mate porohita kati, etc ...).
3. He kupu whakarite kotahi (hei tauira, ngakau manene).
4. Fafauhia (ngakau - "pere porcelain China i roto i te kōwhai" - Nikolai Gumilyov).
5. rotarota Traditional (te ata o te ora, ahi o te aroha).
6. Takitahi-kaituhi (papa koropuku).

I tua atu, ka taea e te kupu whakarite hei te wā kotahi whakarite aua te whakatinanatanga, he pūwerewere, te haamahora, whāiti pūira, litotes me ētahi atu huarahi.

whakamaoritia te kupu "kupu whakarite" te i te kupu Kariki "whakawhiti". I roto i tenei take e pā ana tatou ki te whakawhiti o ngā ingoa i tetahi raro ki tetahi. Ko reira taea, me tika kia ratou etahi ritenga, kia waiho ratou e pā ana ahua. Ko te kupu whakarite ko te kupu e whakamahia ana kīanga i roto i te tikanga taipe no o te ōrite o rua ari ranei ahanoa i runga i te tahi mau whenua ranei.

Ka rite ki te hua o taua whakawhiti te whakapakoko i hanga. Na reira, ko te kupu whakarite - tetahi o nga tikanga tino nui o te faaiteraa o toi, korero whiti. Heoi, e kore e te ngaro o tenei ara te tikanga i te ngaro o te faaiteraa o te mahi.

Ka taea e kupu whakarite e rite ohie whänui ranei. I roto i te rau tau rua tekau ka ora ake te whakamahi o tohatoha i whiti, me te āhua o te huringa ohie tino.

metonymy

Metonymy - Ko reira tetahi o nga momo o whakarite. Iritihia i te kupu Kariki te auraa "Whakaingoa", na reira ko te whakawhitinga o te ingoa o te ahanoa tetahi ki tetahi. Kei te whakakapi Metonymy etahi kupu atu i runga i te pūtake o te adjacency ngā o te ariā, ngā rua, a na i runga i. D. tenei īnaki i runga i te uara tika o te pona. Hei tauira: "kai ahau e rua nga peihana." Mixing uara me he taea to ratou whakawhiti no te mea he pātata nga tūemi, kia waiho te adjacency i wa, i roto i te wāhi, me pera i runga i. D.

synecdoche

Synecdoche - he ahua o te metonymy. Iritihia i te kupu Kariki te auraa "te faatanoraa." mau tenei uara whakawhiti ka, hei utu o te huaina nui iti, hurihia ranei; hei utu o te wahi - katoa, me te hurihia. Hei tauira: "E ai ki a Moscow."

epithet

tikanga toi i roto i te tuhinga, he rārangi o e to tatou inaianei tu, e kore e taea ki te whakaaro i waho te epithet. Tenei ahua, ara, definition pohewa o te kīanga kupu ranei mo te tangata, he āhuatanga, he ahanoa mahi ranei ki te tuakiri tūranga o te kaituhi.

I roto i te Kariki, te tikanga te wā "te tono, te tono", e ko, i roto i to tatou take, kotahi kupu tiaki o nga ētahi atu.

whakanuia te epithet o te whakamāramatanga ohie e tona faaiteraa toi.

tītaia tamau whakamahia i roto i te pakiwaitara rite te tikanga o te patopato, me te ki tetahi o nga tikanga tino nui o te faaiteraa toi. I roto i te tikanga tino o te wā ki te ara no ki taua anake o ratou, e whai te mahi o te kupu i roto i te auraa parau, rite te ātete ki te tītaia tangohia pera-ka karanga nei e whakahuatia e te kupu i roto i te tikanga mo'oni (kākano whero, puawai ataahua). E āhua ki te whakamahi o ngā kupu i roto i te tikanga taipe. E huaina taua tītaia arä. kia hoki hei ingoa Metonymic te pūtake mō tenei makatea.

Taupatupatu - he ahua o epithet, te pera-ka karanga tītaia rerekē, hanga he huinga ki te noun ritenga a ratou i runga i te tikanga o nga kupu (e kino ana te aroha, koa pouri).

whakarite

Tauritenga - ara i roto i nei āhuatanga ahanoa kotahi te roto i te whakarite ki te atu. Ko te rite o te tūemi ngā o te faitatau e he e rua mārama, me te ohorere, tawhiti. Ko te tikanga kua whakahuatia i te reira e etahi kupu:. "Tika," "rite," "kanohi" "rite" kia tango hoki whakataurite te ahua o te take mauhaa.

tāwhai

Whakaahua i te tikanga toi i roto i te tuhinga, he mea e tika ana ki te whakahua me te tāwhai. Ko te ahua o te kupu whakarite, e tohu ana i te ohipa o te āhuatanga o te ora taata ngā o te natura popohe. E mea pinepine te hanga reira na roto i te kōrero ki ari rite o te āhua rite taata mohio. Kei te whakawhiti hoki faahoho'araa ki te āhuatanga o te kararehe tangata.

Hyperbole me litotes

Kia mahara ki enei tikanga o te whakapuaki toi i roto i te tuhinga e rite ana pūwerewere me litotes.

Hyperbole (i roto i te translation - "faarahiraa") - tetahi o nga tikanga o te faaiteraa o te kupu, ko te ahua ki te uara o te faarahiraa o te mea kei i tĭtĭ.

Litotes (i roto i te translation - "ngāwari") - ritenga hyperbole - kōrero nui o te mea i haere i runga i (Tom Thumb, he kaiahuwhenua ki te maikuku).

Kataina, taunu me te whakakatakata

Tamau noa ki te whakaahua i ngā tikanga toi i roto i te tuhinga. ngā tatou i to tatou rārangi o kataina, korokë me te whakakatakata.

• iritihia hanihani te i te kupu Kariki "poka i te kai." Ko reira korokē, faaooo hākiki mo tãufehi◊a parau. Ki te whakamahi koe i hanga hanihani te pānga kōmeke, engari i te wa ano i reira he mārama te aro mātai wä, me te aronganui.
• whakamaoritia te taunu te rite "he wawetia", "manuki". Puta reira ka mea nga kupu tetahi mea, a auraa te tahi mea tino rerekē, ko te ritenga.
• Humor - tetahi o nga tikanga wetereo o whakapuaki, te tikanga o "te tūāhua", "ngākau". I roto i te kōmeke, kia tuhituhia kī aua mahi ētahi wā katoa i roto i nei i reira ko te arero-i roto i-natured pā ana ki te tahi mea. Hei tauira, te kōrero "kamiriona" A. P. Chehova, a he maha nga korero tito noa I. A. Krylova.

e kore e mutu Puka o tikanga toi i roto i te tuhinga i reira. Te whakaatu i to koutou aro te whai.

grotesque

Ko te tikanga toi tino nui i roto i te tuhinga ngā me grotesque. Ko te kupu "grotesque" tikanga "manganga", "rerekē". Tenei tikanga toi tikanga he takahi o nga hanganga o te tītohu, ngā, ngā, tuhituhi i roto i te mahi. Kei te whānui whakamahia te reira i roto i te toi, hei tauira, Saltykov-Shchedrin ( "Golovlevs", "History o te Town", he korero patupaiarehe). Tenei tikanga toi e hāngai ana i runga i te faarahiraa. Heoi, ko te whānuitanga o ona nui, nui atu i taua o te hyperbole.

Hanihani, taunu, whakakatakata me te grotesque - rongonui tikanga toi i roto i te tuhinga. Tauira o te tuatahi e toru - kōrero A. P. Chehova ko N. N. Gogolya. J. auahatanga grotesque. Swift (hei tauira, "Travels a Gulliver").

He aha te mea he tikanga toi whakamahia e te kaituhi (Saltykov-Shchedrin) ki te waihanga i tētahi pūrākau "Golovlevs" image o Hura? O te akoranga, te grotesque. Taunu me te hanihani e kitea i roto i nga rotarota o Mayakovsky. Humor hua tonu Zoschenko, Shukshina, Prutkov. Enei tikanga toi i roto i te tuhinga, tauira o nei tatou i tika faahiti, rite koutou e taea te kite, kei te tino maha whakamahia reira e kaituhi Russian.

pun

Pun - ahua o kupu, e te mea ambiguities āta tumu ranei puta ina whakamahia i roto i te horopaki o te rua, neke atu rānei tikanga faitatau o ratou reo ranei. Ko tōna momo - paronomasia, etymologization teka, zeugma me te whakatakotoranga.

pun hāngai ana nga puns i runga i homonyms me ambiguities. O enei, i reira ko nga ngahau. Enei tikanga toi i roto i te tuhinga e taea te kitea i roto i nga mahi o Vladimir Mayakovsky, Omar Khayyam, Kozmy Prutkova, A. P. Chehova.

He ahua o te kupu - He aha te mea te reira?

Ko te kupu "ahua" i te Latino tikanga "ahua, āhua, image '. Tenei kupu He maha ngā tikanga. He aha e pā ana ki te wā e rite ana tono ki te toi o te korero? tikanga Syntactic o whakapuaki, uhinga ki te whika: mau tuôraa kōrero, ngā pātai, maimoatanga.

He aha te mea he "makatea"?

"He aha koutou ka karanga ai i te tikanga toi e whakamahi ana i te kupu i roto i te auraa taipe?" - ui koe. Ko te wā "ara" e ngā tikanga rerekē: te epithet, whakarite, metonymy, kupu whakarite, synecdoche, litotes, hyperbole, ei faahoho'araa, me ētahi atu. I roto i te iritiraa o te kupu te tikanga "halá" "ki te tahuri." rerekē i te kupu toi mau i roto i taua whakamahi reira he torohaki motuhake e whakapaipai reira, hanga reira ngangahau ake. tikanga rerekē o te whakapuaki whakamahia i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā momo. Ko te tino nui i roto i te ariā o "expressive" kupu mo te toi - te kaha ki te kuputuhi, he mahi o te toi ki te whakarato i te pānga rerehua, me te aronganui i runga i te kaipānui, ki te waihanga whakapakoko whiti me whakapakoko oraora.

ora tatou i katoa i roto i te ao o ngā oro. meinga etahi o ratou ia tatou kare pai, etahi i āwangawanga, ohorere, ohorere, ranei te marea e moe marino. oro rerekē hua rerekē whakapakoko. Na roto o te huinga e taea te fakaeongo pā tangata. Pānui i te mahi o te toi o te tuhinga Russian me pakiwaitara, kite tatou tangi ratou tino whakapeka.

Ko te tikanga taketake o te hanga i te faaiteraa tangi

• Alliteration - he tukurua o orokati rite ōrite ranei.
• Assonance - tāruarua whakaae o te au maite oropuare.

E mea pinepine, alliteration me te assonance whakamahia i roto i te mahi i te wa ano. tikanga ēnei tikanga e ki te marea rōpū rerekē i roto i te kaipānui.

zvukopisi Urunga i roto i te pakimaero

Zvukopis - Ko te tikanga toi ko te whakamahi o etahi oro i roto i te tikanga motuhake ki te hanga i te whakapakoko etahi, e ko, te whiriwhiri o kupu e ngā oro mau-ao. Whakaae o tenei i roto i te mau papai e whakamahia ana i roto i rua whiti me te tuhi.

momo Zvukopisi:

1. Assonance - whakamaoritia i French tikanga "te au". Assonance Ko te tāruarua o te oro ōrite rite ranei oro i roto i te kuputuhi ki te waihanga i tētahi whakapakoko oro etahi. whakatairanga te reira i te faaiteraa o te korero, Kei te whakamahia te reira i te taha o kaitito i manawataki, rotarota pehepehe.
2. Alliteration - i te Kariki kupu "reta". Tenei tikanga ko te tāruarua o orokati i roto i te kuputuhi toi ki te hanga i tētahi whakapakoko tangi, i roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i taua mea atu ngangahau whiti.
3. Onomatopoeia - te whakawhitinga o kupu motuhake, oro haamana'oraa o te ari o te ao, ongo māna.

Ko te tino noa enei tikanga toi i roto i te mau irava, i waho e kore e korero whiti kia pera reka.