Uilyam Batler Yeyts: haurongo me mahi

mohiotia Uilyam Batler Yeyts te rite te nui rawa punake Ingarihi-reo o te mutunga o te XIX - senituli wawe XX, nui i ki taui i te kāhua whiti, me te he kaitito, buka me te kaituhi. Ko te rārangi o ngā pukapuka tūtohutia e Hemingway mō te pānui herea ki taitamariki kaituhi, kua tohua, me "Autobiography" Yeats. utua tana rotarota aro whakamaori tairanga. Ehara i anake rite te rohi pehe, whakanuia ia ia Uilyam Batler Yeyts. He pono ana whiti rawa nui, Heoi, Uilyam Batler mohiotia hoki rite te kaitito. i Concept whakaari Yeats te mana kaha i runga i TS Eliot, te āhuatanga o te mahi o tona mua rite "he wāhanga o tenei wairua rau."

Origin, tamarikitanga, me te toi rawa taitamariki

He hiahia i roto i te rohi pehe Ingarihi-reo whanau i roto tatou i te pane o Ireland, i te hapu o te kaipeita rongonui, no ki te kura i mua i-Raphaelite (ki ai, rokohanga, i tino tata, me te hapu o Kipling). kihai ia i whiwhi pehea tetahi tika mātauranga ōkawa, engari tokomaha mahi takitahi. te minamina ki Early mō te tuhinga.

kua tohua puhoi awe te irava tuatahi Seli ko Spencer. ka anga ia ki te tuhituhi a ratou hoki i roto i 1882, a ko te tānga tuatahi i roto i 1885. Na, i roto i te 1885, whai wāhi William i roto i te faanahonahoraa o te Dublin hapori alchemical mahi i roto i te tipua. Interest i roto ia ratou e noho ora o te rohipehe.

timata William ki te kia whakaputaina i roto i te 20 tau i, a i muri i te 4 tau whakaputaina te pukapuka tuatahi o rotarota. Kawea ake i runga i nga whakaaro o te tangata taitama mua-Raphaelite, ka mea ia, i ia "mauahara monkey" ki rationalism me māmā o onopooni. E au ra te reira ki a ia e patua rotarota tenei whakangaro, rapua ia rerenga i roto i te tohu, whakaaro e te whakapakoko o te ataahua, huna i to matou tirohanga, e kore e taea ki te waihanga i ētahi atu i te paitanga ki te whakamahi o ngā tohu. Otiia ara ka ui Yeats e toi ko te pānga aronganui kore anake i runga i te kaipānui, engari ano hoki te mana o te pae morare.

mahi mātauranga

hoatu tokomaha ope te röpú pehe. I roto i te 1891 whakaritea ia i roto i London Irish Literary Society, muri te National Union o Irish i Dublin, whai wāhi mātātoa i roto i te mahi o te Society o kaitito, tiaki hoki te whakatairanga o te pakiwaitara Irish. Ko tētahi o ana whakatutukitanga ko te hanganga o pera-ka karanga Keiriki League - te whāinga Public Union ki te whakawhanake i tētahi ahurea motu Irish, ake anō o te reo taketake, me te whakawhiti ki te tuhinga, e hāngai ana i runga i ngā tikanga motu.

E te hītori uaua iwi Irish. "Island Green" i kapi e iwi Celtic i roto i IV rau BC. I roto i te mau taime hou, i roto i te rau tau XII, kua tae mai Ireland raro i te kingitanga o Ingarangi. Anake i roto i te tau 1921 riro ia mana rangatira, a i roto i te 1949 - motuhake. Airangi ki te Raki, nuitia huaina Ulster, noho ki te British. i nanakia ture Foreign, kihai i nga ture tukua te Irish ki te whakamahi i arero ratou whaea i raro i te mamae o te mate. Na roto i te waenganui o te rau tau whakamutunga, kua meinga te pakanga mo ratou ake tikanga, me te reo uaua hekenga papatipu; Na Abroad ora te Irish rite nui rite i roto i Ireland. timata te maha o ngā kaiwhakamahi o te reo Māori ki te pewa. Ahakoa inaianei, ka fakatonutonu te āhuatanga te, ka mea iti iho i te i te hauwhā o tangata te Irish.

"Ko te whakaoranga tuhituhi Irish"

Ko te whawhai ki te heke o te ahurea me te kaupapa whakaturia ake te mahi, "te whakaoranga tuhituhi Irish", i roto i nei i reira ko te Keiriki League me te timatanga o nei e pā ana te ki te tuku i roto i 1893 kohinga rotarota, fa'u e Uilyam Yeyts ( "Celtic Twilight"). E kore te kaupapa i tango i te reira ki raruraru te whāinga uzkoyazykovym, a he tokomaha o ratou, tae atu William, tuhituhia i roto i te reo Ingarihi. "Keiriki - toku iwi, engari e kore e te reo Māori," - ka mea a Uilyam Batler Yeyts. Quotes Kei te maha reira whakamahia ki te whakatairanga i tēnei kaupapa. Raruraru "o te whakaoranga tuhituhi Irish" i hao - ki te faaara i te wairua motu, kia mau iho iwi, ki te paruru i te motuhake o te ahurea te whenua o.

Creation o te Irish Literary Theatre

Hei wāhanga o te motini whakaturia Uilyam Batler Yeyts i 1899 i te Irish Literary Theatre i Dublin, a ko tona kaiwhakahaere tata ki te mate e pā ana ki 40 tau. I te wāwāhi mo tona whare tapere, mahi ia ia, kōrero te nuinga ki ngā take o te hautoa motu, me te hītori taketake. Here, ko Yates te hou nui. whakahaere ia ki te hanga i tētahi ariā taketake o "whakaari whiti", te huritua o te mana o te naturalism.

te ora Whaiaro me rotarota e pā ana ki te aroha

I roto i te rotarota, i meinga te karangatia matua o Yeats, ko ano hoki ia tonu i runga i te kaitutei. hutia tona mahi wawe i roto i ngā pūrākau, me e whangainga ana te whakaaro o "ataahua tonu". Reality whakauaua ngā te rohipehe. kawea mai te ahua o te tae fakamamahi i te rotarota o Yeats aroha. I te tau o te 24, ka tutaki ia ki te ataahua taitama Maud Goni, he kaitapere, me te tahae, me hoki nga tau maha i hoki ona mau mana'o ngākau e toe tapatahi. 52 anake tau, mo te wha o nga wa riro i te kore Maud ki hono to ratou oraraa, tīmata te whānau Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Te hinaaro nei Oia i te kahu tiretiera ..." - ko te ingoa o tetahi o ana whiti e pā ana ki te aroha lyrics. E te ara, nga rārangi o tona tangi i te timatanga o te kiriata "taurite". kahore e tokomaha mohio e ratou kaituhi - Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Ko ahau, he rawakore, kua anake toku moe," - e ai ta te hero lyrical o te rotarota, aue te meka e kore e taea e horapa atu ki te waewae o te aroha "hiraka rangi."

Confessional me te whiti tāone

Neke atu i te wa, whakaatu i nga mahi o Yeats whati. "Ataahua mure ore", he whiti e pā ana ki te aroha - tenei katoa kei te āta ngaro haere. Tīmata ki te "fatongia" o te kohikohinga (1914), piki unu Uilyam Batler ki confessional me te whiti tāone. he kohinga o ngā rotarota kawe i te huru pāpori kukū. I roto i te ake-ohorere amuamu Katorika Ireland kopilos ki te faatîtîraa o Porotetani Ingarangi. Hei whakatau i te raruraru te whakatikanga ake Dublin i 1916. whakaaturia Ireland ano he käwanatanga, engari roa te kawe e rima anake ra. ko Uilyam Batler Yeyts i tenei wa i roto i London, a ko nga takahanga i te ohorere tino ki a ia, engari i mahue ratou i te ōhakitia hohonu i runga i tona whakaaro.

ka mau te reira i te reappraisal faingata'a o te mua. Engari i konatunatua ki te pūrākau mysticism Yeats mahi ngā te hītori o te whenua me ona marohirohi tūturu. Ko te mo'oni toto o te whakatikanga ake, i kī 450 ora, te mate o ona kau taki i arahina te pehe ki tūraki kāhui hanahana, he titiro hou i te iwi.

Ko te rotarota oro fakamamahi

kihai i Life hoatu tautoko u ki te whawha. Ko te muri pakanga whawhai ki te whakaeke Ingarangi whakaohokia Yates oto kawa. I hinga tona wehi o te tauhohenga mekameka o te mauahara me te tutu. Te huru āhua fakamamahi o te nuinga o nga rotarota o tenei wā. Ko, o te akoranga, ka tutaki matou i roto i te kupu o Yeats me tangiata harakoa. Tauira - te maau "Te Fiddler o Dunii".

whanaungatanga pehe

Yeats rotarota oaoa āhukahuka whānui. Te āhua, ehara i te mea e tika ana ki te titiro mo te hyperbole i te tātai o te Swedish Academy, i tuhia e tana mahi "homai faaiteraa ki te wairua o tēnei i o te iwi katoa." Ko nui te mana o te rohi pehe. Mai i 1922 ki te 1928, Yates - he mema o te Irish kaumatua, tetahi o toru kaumatua ki tohutohu te Kawanatanga i runga i ngā take o te mātauranga, tuhituhinga, me te toi. whai wāhi ana kupu korerorero ki te tiaki o urupa motu maha. Heoi, ki te nuinga o te nganatanga pokanoa i roto i te kaupapa here kihai i hoatu e hua, a ka kihai ia te taitara hōnore.

kupu kaumatua

hoatu Yeats kaumatua kupu taunaki o tona aromatawai o te tūranga o te ahurea i roto i te hapori. I roto i tetahi o ratou i mea ia e a ia kahore tumanako ki te kite i te kotahi Ireland, kite i te rironga o Ulster; engari he whakaaro e roto i te mutunga ka tupu te reira ia, a kahore hoki te Irish ka whawhai mo reira, engari no te mea e ratou mana pai o ratou whenua. ka mea a Uilyam Batler Yeyts e taea te mahi i tenei i te waihanga i tētahi ahurea e ka tohu toku whenua, me te i ka kukume te whakaaro o te iwi taitamariki.

Ko te tekau tau whakamutunga o te ora, me te mahi

I roto i te tekau tau whakamutunga o tona ora, te whakaaro reira, rere ata. Nui te tautoko morare, me te rauemi ko te Nobel, i riro ia i roto i 1923. Pehe ano ki tonu o te kaha i te pae varua, me te tinana o te tata koroheketanga korero ki arearea ata. Ko Ko anake waho marino tenei, he ki tonu i te aroraa tonu te ora i te pae varua o te rohi pehe. I roto i ana tau heke wehi kaituhi katoa, titiro hoki ki te mua, whakaaro e pā ana ki te heke mai, ui koe tetahi whakararuraru i te tahi atu. I roto i tona mahi i reira e paopao aho hou whakaaro hou, te huri tikanga whiti. Na me pehea pai te upoko, tonu ano. e kore e Tūnga Rapu waiho reira tae noa ki te mutunga.

Me mahara hoki käore te reira e te mau irava e pā ana ki te mutunga o te wā o tona mahi, i te huru atu whaiaro atu i nga mahi o mua. I roto i ngā, tuku ratou ki te tamariki he hakari William Yeats whakaaro huritao e pā ana ki tona hoholo.

mohio te rima tau whakamutunga o tona ora Yeats i rite te rohi pehe Irish motu. Ko ia maha mate, engari tonu ki te mahi. kua hanga e ia i roto i te tekau tau whakamutunga o tona ora mahi i tohua he pūkenga faahiahia, he weriweri nui, me te whakaaro. I roto ia ratou e whakahua tatou taua kohikohinga rite "te pourewa" (1928), me te "Koru arapiki", hanga i roto i te tau 1933.

ka mate te rohi pehe i runga i te French Riviera, i roto i te pa o Cap-Martin, 28 Kohitātea 1939. haere mai te mate i muri i tetahi mate. E ai ki te pai ai o Yeats, i whakahuatia i roto i tana i pai ai whiti, i roto i 1948, kētia ana kōiwi i roto i Ireland.

Ko te totohe i runga i te tangata, me te mahi o te rohi pehe

He āhuatanga o Yeats, te artist puta noa te mahi tata 60-tau whakawhitinga ohorere. Ia maha pai ki te haere i mua, huringa, ka rerekē tana mahi. Facts o te ora, me te haurongo tuhituhi o Yeats whakahē rawa. Katoa tona ora i hiahia i roto i te mau haapiiraa pūngāwerewere ia. kitea tenei i roto i tona mahi. I roto i ngā, mīharo spiritualism Uilyam Yeyts. "Vision" - i whakaputaina i te tau 1925. Ko te pukapuka, i roto i nei whakamārama e ia nga taime hinengaro, me te hītori i te mata o te mysticism. I tetahi wa, ara whakapono Uilyam Batler demagogy Fascist i tahito ra.

Nä, ko te whakawa o fakaangá o ana tūranga taumauri maha tahi tutakina tetahi ki tetahi: Yeats tohu te tahae, ko te reactionary, te traditionalist, te Onaianei. E tautokona ana e tohutoro ki te tuhinga, kupu, rārangi whiti whakaritenga. Ko te totohe i runga i te tangata, me te mahi o William Butler Yeats ka he iho. Ko mārama Kotahi te mea - ko ia he tangata tonu e tohe ki hinonga fakalaumālie hou. A ko reira faauruhia tenei taonga ia ki te waihanga i tētahi puka hou, me te ihirangi o te rotarota, i meinga he wāhanga o te ahurea hou.