Tsarskoye selo Lyceum Imperial: tauira tuatahi, paetahi rongonui, hītori

timata tonu te nuinga o institution rongonui Russian Imperial Tsarskoye selo Lyceum i muri i tona whakatū. Ko te initiator o tona tupu ko te Emepara Alexander ahau, manga ngingila me te kaiwhakahaere pūmanawa o tona whakaako, taranata whaiaro kawea ki te marama e rave rahi whakatupuranga o whakaaro Russian, kaitito me toi, te hōia. Lyceum paetahi i kore he pera nui i roto i te take te whiriwhiri Russian rite ki te whakatinana i te mau parau tumu o te taviniraa horo'a noa ki te fatherland i tetahi mara.

turanga

i whakatuwheratia Imperial Tsarskoye selo Lyceum i roto i te kingitanga o Alexander ahau, me te ake āta, te ture i runga i te pūtake o tona whakaaetanga rawa hainatia i August 1810. Ko te turanga o teitei whare mātauranga i ki "tau ohaoha" kingitanga o te kingi. Lyceum i ki hei te tauira tuatahi o te faanahoraa ki te huarahi Pākehā ki te mātauranga, kawea ake i runga i te oneone Russian.

Tsarskoye selo Imperial Lyceum, i te tahi atu kura tiketike, kitea e te ngaro o te whiu tinana, nga whanaunga hoa i waenganui i ngā kaiako me ngā ākonga, marautanga taonga hangaia mo te hanganga o ngā tirohanga whaiaro, me te tini ke atu. I whakaritea te reira e ka whakaakona i te ariki rahi Lyceum, teina o muri o te kingi kingi, Nicholas ko Mikaera, engari ka whakaritea e ratou ki te homai i te mātauranga kāinga tuku iho.

tikanga ora

Hoki Lyceum I hoatu he hou te hanga i te wha - whare parirau o Tsarskoye selo. tikanga nga whare o te papa tuatahi i hoki te kōwae hauora me te poari. I te rua o te papa he akomanga mō te akoranga teina, i hoatu te tuatoru ki ngā ākonga tuākana, me te tihi, tuawha papa, noho rūma. I roto i dormitories tūmataiti o nga tano, tata oko Spartan, ngā taonga o te moenga mahi-te rino hipoki ki te kānawehi, he tēpu tari mo te mahi, kaimahi me te tēpu mō te horoi.

ka mau Puna teitei-rua taiwhanga, i kei runga ake i te kikorangi. Kei whare hakari Grand i te toru o nga patunga witi. Ratonga, hahi me te Apartment kaiwhakahaere kei roto i te whare motuhake i muri ki te whare.

Ko te whakaaro o te ako

Concept me marautanga whakawhanakehia te kingi mana, kaitohutohu o Alexander ahau i roto i te hawhe tuatahi o tona kingitanga MM Speransky. Ko te mahi matua ko te mātauranga o pononga metarahi me te hōia o te hanganga hou o nga tama a te rangatira. Ko te whakaaro ko Speransky Europeanize Russia, a titau tenei rangatira i tetahi whakaaro, ki te tikanga herekore i roto, me te taumata e tika ana o te mātauranga fakaetangatá.

kua Tīpakonga o ngā ākonga kura nui kua tino kino, tangohia tamariki i te mau utuafare rangatira i waenganui i nga tau o te 10, me te 12 i pai nei haere i te whakamātautau tomokanga, whakau i te taumata rawaka o te matauranga i roto i ngā reo e toru (Russian, Tiamana, Wīwī), hītori, geography, pāngarau, me te ahupūngao. Ko akoranga tonu te wehea te whakangungu-tau e ono ki ngā wāhanga e rua, i toru tau homai ia.

E fa'ahinga 'a te hōia

Ko te aronga matua o te mātauranga - te momo, i whakaaetia ki te kawea mai i roto i te kaha o te ākonga ki te ako whaiaro-whakahaua, whakaaro arohaehae, arorau, me te hōhonu whakawhanake i te mau taleni tūturu i roto i te tamaiti. kawea te whakaako i roto i runga i taua kaupapa taketake mō te ono tau:

• Ko te ako o te reo Māori, me te ke (Russian, Latin, Wīwī, Tiamana).
• Pūtaiao Moral (arorau taketake, te ture a te Atua, rapunga whakaaro).
• Sciences tangohia (tauhanga, te taurangi, pākoki, āhuahanga, ahupūngao).
• Humanities (History o Russian, me te ke, ana'iraa, geography).
• Basics o Fine Writing (kōrero me ona ture, nga mahi o kaituhi nui).
• Art (ataata, kanikani).
• mātauranga ā-(taka porepore, te kauhoe, taiapa, eke hoiho).

I runga i te akoranga tuatahi ako ngā ākonga i te taketake, ko te tuarua i runga i te pūtake o te whakawhitinga ki roto i-hōhonu te whanaketanga o ngā kaupapa katoa. I tua atu, puta noa i te whakangungu kua homai nui whakarongo ki te hoahoanga ā, hākinakina. Ko te hunga e whiriwhiria te hōia, i tua atu i kite te karaka i runga i te hītori o pakanga, pā, me ētahi atu kaupapa matua.

ka mau tukanga whakangungu me te mātauranga katoa wahi i raro i te te tirotiro mataara o te Kaiwhakahaere. ngā te kaimahi whakaako o e whitu ahorangi, he tohunga nei i whakaako te ture a te Atua, e ono ngā kaiako o toi pai me taka porepore, e rua tānga mo te ako aru e toru huakanga, me te kawana.

kawea te huinga tuatahi o ngā ākonga i roto i raro i te te tirotiro o te emepera, o te iwi 38 e tuku tuhinga a haere te whakataetae i roto i te kura nui, i tangohia ngā ākonga 30 anake ki Tsarskoye selo, i whakaaetia te rārangi i te ringa kingi. Alexander whakaratohia ahau Tuhinga mo te faanahoraa, a tatau whakaritea Razumovsky AK i upoko o te Lyceum i-tino o te paetukutuku. I roto i te pou tatau mahara ki te kia i ngā whakamātautau katoa, i koa ai ia, i matau i roto i te mata, me te ingoa o nga ākonga katoa.

te mau parau tumu

i whānui Tūmahi kaiwhakahaere o te Lyceum, tukua tenei tari i V. F. Malinovskomu, i kuraina i te University o Moscow. E ai ki te kaiwhakahaere pokapū tūtohinga i hiahiatia huri noa te karaka ki te noho i roto i te rohe o te Lyceum, ka whakarongo ki nga ākonga, me te tukanga katoa tonu, ko ia fakatāutaha kawenga mo te ākonga, mo te taumata o te whakaako me te ora Lyceum whānui.

i rite rawa Tsarskoye selo Lyceum Imperial ki nga kaiako pai o tona wa, katoa a ratou mātauranga teitei, tohu pūtaiao, aroha tona mahi me te whakatupuranga o muri. He kaiako noa ki te whiriwhiri i nga tikanga o te whakaatu mōhiotanga, pono i haapa'o ki te parau tumu o tetahi - kahore runaruna mangere i roto i ngā ākonga kura nui e kore e waiho.

hōtaka o ia rā

Kua ra kura i ia te wā kua hanga kia rite ki te hōtaka tino:

• timata te ata i te ono haora, te wa i whakaritea mo ngā tukanga akuaku, utu, inoi.
• tīmata te haapiiraa tuatahi i roto i te akomanga ki whitu ki te iwa i te ata.
• Hoki te haora i muri (9: 00-10: 00) i taea te akonga horo'a te haere, me te paramanawa (tea, me te mawhene, e kore te parakuihi riro).
• tīmata te haapiiraa tuarua i te 10:00 ka roa noa 12:00, a ka ko he haere hoki te hōtaka haora waho.
• i mahi Tina i 13:00.
• I roto i te ahiahi, i 14:00 ki 15:00, whai wāhi te ākonga i roto i te toi pai.
• Mai i 15:00 ki te 17:00 aru e mau haapiiraa i roto i ngā akomanga i roto i te akomanga.
• I 17:00 aru nga tamariki e patua ana tea, ka ki 18:00 e te haere.
• Ki te ono haora, me te ake ki te hawhe o te ahiahi iwa mahi nga ākonga i roto i te tāruarua o te rauemi whai wāhi i roto i ngā akomanga mau pŭpŭ tauturu.
• I 20:30 Dinner i mahi, i muri i nei i aru i te wa noa ki te akaanga.
• I 22:00 Ko reira te wa mo te inoi, me te moe. Katoa Rāhoroi, tae mai ngā ākonga te pati.

Lyceum i Tsarskoye selo taa ê i te tahi atu whare mātauranga e te meka e hiahiatia te kaiako i ki te whakatutuki i te mōhiotanga me te māramatanga o ratou kaupapa e nga ākonga. Ahakoa kore te ki kia ako te rauemi e ngā ākonga katoa i roto i te akomanga, e kore e taea e te kaiako te tīmata i te kaupapa hou. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakatutuki pai, hoki ki te ākonga puhoi whakamōhio akomanga atu, ki te tūhura huarahi whakaako hou. I roto i te kura nui he tona pūnaha ake o te aroturuki i te taumata o riro matauranga me mau haapiiraa, i tuhituhi ia ākonga lyceum, pūrongo, ka whakahoki kuihi-waha.

pinepine whakaaro ngā kaiako reira pai ki te waiho i te ākonga anake i roto i tona kaupapa, kihai i Pushkin hanga te mōhiotanga tino o sciences pāngarau, ka mea ahorangi Kartsov: "koe, Pushkin, i roto i toku piha mutu katoa ki te kore. Noho ki raro, i runga i te wahi me te tuhituhi whiti. "

ora Lyceum

Lyceum i Tsarskoye selo i farii ki tetahi atu āhuatanga - katinga oti, e kore e waiho ngā ākonga lyceum nga taiepa o te faanahoraa i roto i te tau kura. Na tera ano hoki he ahua o te kakahu, te kotahi hoki te katoa. Tuhinga reira o te koti puru pouri, kara tu-ake, me nga Holy o nga karekau, i nga whero, parahe ia pātene buttoned. Ki te wehewehe whakaurua nga akoranga matua, me te teina i ripa, hoki tau matua i ratou whakangungu rakau o te koura, hiriwa mo te teina.

I roto i te kura nui, i reira ako ia Pushkin, utua aro nui i ki te mātauranga. Ākonga faatura e kore anake ki te iwi o tona piha haapiiraa, engari ano hoki he pononga, he serf. mana tangata e kore e whakawhirinaki i runga i te take, faauru tenei ia ākonga. Hoki te take taua, he tata tamariki kahore whakapā ki a ratou teina - katoa i nga kainga o te whare rangatira, me te maha e taea te kite whare rawa i te huru rerekē ki te iwi ririki, i roto i te ta'etoka'i hanahana mo nga serfs i noa.

Autaea'eraa me te honore

Ahakoa te meka e i te ākonga lyceum he hōtaka pukumahi o te ako me te whakangungu, i roto i ona tohinoa, mohio katoa i roto i te nui rawaka o te haere noa. Ngā ākonga e noho ana i runga i te huinga etahi o ture, whakairi ture institution i roto i te aroa o te wha o nga patunga witi. tautohe Ko tētahi o nga ngā e te hapori ngā ākonga, ko te kotahi te utuafare, a na reira i roto i to ratou taiao he kore wahi mo te whakaaro, whakamanamana me te whakahawea. haere mai tamariki ki te kura nui i te wawe tau, a ka riro ia ratou te whare, me te hoa kaiako, me te whānau tūturu. Te āhuatanga i roto i te Imperial Tsarskoye selo Lyceum i hoa, tata-piri tonu.

Hoki whakawhanakehia ngā ākonga kura nui te pūnaha o utu me whiu, faaore tutu tinana. hoatu Periara taata haapa'o ore i roto i te puritia mokemoke mo nga ra e toru, i reira ka haere mai te kaiwhakahaere ia ki te whakahaere i te aparauraa, engari ko te reira i te parepare whakamutunga. I te tahi atu taime i whiriwhiria e ratou tikanga ake e tohu i - fakamasiva o tina mo e rua nga ra, i nei riro ākonga wā taro me te wai anake.

Lyceum autaea'eraa te tahi mau taime koe he whanonga whakawa o ona kaiuru, te hunga e haere atu i te honore me te kororia takahia. Ko te akonga taea Tuhinga hoa, mahue ia i roto i te noho wehe oti waho te kaha ki te kōrero. E whakaute ture tohia kahore iti tapu atu te tūtohinga o te Lyceum.

Ko te take tuatahi

ka haere mai nga tauira tuatahi o te Imperial Tsarskoye selo Lyceum i o nga taiepa o te faanahoraa i roto i te 1817. riro Tata ki te katoa nohoanga i roto i te taputapu kāwanatanga, rite ki te hua o ngā whakamātautau, ka haere mai he tokomaha ki te mahi i roto i te ana'iraa rawa, ki te rota o ngā ākonga kura nui whiriwhiri mahi hōia, rite i roto i te tūnga ki te Corps o whārangi. I roto ia ratou nga iwi e riro te whakapehapeha o te hītori Russian me te ahurea. kawea kororia nui Lyceum te rohi pehe Pushkin AS, kahore tetahi ia ia ki te aroaro o ki taua mahanahana me te wiri kihai i no ki tona kura me ngā kaiako. maha mahi o Tsarskoye selo wā whakatapua ia.

Tata ki te katoa i ako nei i roto i te huinga tuatahi hei te whakapehapeha o te whenua, a ka whakakororia i te Imperial Tsarskoye selo Lyceum. alumni Famous pērā i: Kyuhelbeher VK (pehe, ngā pāpori, Decembrist), Gorchakov AM (he takawaenga taiea, minita ke i roto i te kingitanga o Alexander II o) Delvig AA (pehe, publisher), Matyushkin F . F. (kaihōpara neke, Admiral o te kaipuke), me etahi atu, kua whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga hītori, ahurea me te mahi toi.

ākonga Pushkin Lyceum

Pe si◊aki te mana o Pushkin i tuhinga Russian e taea, ka kitea tona poto, ka kawea ki runga i roto i te mata o te taiepa. E ai ki ana hoa, ko te rohipehe e toru i tapaina a - Wīwī (he takoha ki te matauranga pai o te reo), Cricket (i neke i te pehe, me te tamaiti ngutu) me te ranunga o te Monkey me Tiger (ki te whakahaputia o riri, me te hehema ki tautohetohe). I roto i te kura nui, i reira ako ia Pushkin, kawea whakamātautau i nga marama e ono, i purepure, me te rite wawe rite tau kura tiketike mohio whakawhetai ki to ratou taranata. Tona mahi tuatahi o te rohi pehe whakaputaina i roto i te moheni "Herald o Europe", rite ki ngā ākonga o te Lyceum, i roto i te 1814.

Ko taua te āhuatanga i te Imperial Tsarskoye selo Lyceum e kore i ite i te reira e kore i taea e tona tauira karanga. I runga i te tāututanga me te whanaketanga o te taranata i arotahi te tukanga mātauranga katoa, wāhi ki tenei manga. I roto i ana tohinoa, i 1830, AS ka mea a Pushkin: "... timata ahau ki te tuhituhi i te tau o 13, a tā ki tata te wa taua."

Ko te koki o te whakawhitinga Lyceum

timata ahau ki te waiho i te purakau.

pūtau o toku ākonga,

A mohoa noa ke ki te fun,

Kitea rawatia ake tahuna ake - Muse i reira

Whakatuwheratia tona hakari uaua;

Tukua ahau, te pūtaiao hauhautanga!

Ua pouri ahau, te tau tuatahi o te kēmu!

Kua puta ke ahau, Ko ahau te rohi pehe ...

Ko te ahua tūmatanui mohiotia tuatahi o Pushkin ko te whakamātautau i roto i te whakawhitinga i te auau tuatahi i runga i te akoranga whakangungu matua, me te whakamutunga. I whakamātautau tūmatanui i te iwi tairanga reira, tae atu i te punake Derzhavin. Pānuitia rima tauira maau "Memories o Tsarskoye selo" whakaputaina i te hakari tuku te mana'o nui. timata Pushkin tonu atu heke mai nui. Kei te tino ana mahi kiia whakamarama o te whiti Russian o hono to'utangatá - Zhukovsky, papa, Karamzin, me ētahi atu.

Alexander Lyceum

I muri rironga ki te torona o Nicholas ahau, ka oho te Lyceum ki St Petersburg. Tsarskoye selo ko he ākonga wahapu kura nui i 1811 ki te 1843. oho MoE i runga i Kamennoostrovsky Avenue, te wahi i whakaritea ngā ākonga i te ruma o te whare pani Alexandrinsky mua. I tua atu, whakaingoatia te institution i te Imperial Alexander Lyceum, i roto i te kororia o tona kaihanga.

Iho me te wairua o te autaea'eraa, ka noho i roto i te whare hou, noa'tu te tamata ki te whawhai ki tenei āhuatanga Nicholas I. History o te Imperial Tsarskoye selo Lyceum tonu i roto i te wahi hou, a roa noa 1918. tuhia te aueue mātakitaki i te ture tohia o te tūtohinga, me te te koti o ringa me tumu - "hoki te pai noa". Te aufauraa i koropiko ki ona paetahi rongonui, i te tau 1879, i runga i Oketopa 19 i roto i te taiepa o te Alexander Lyceum te te whare taonga tuatahi i whakatuwheratia, AS Pushkin.

Ko te pūtake i roto i te wahi hou, i whakaurua etahi huringa. I raro i te marautanga hou, ka anga nga ākonga ki te manako me te tuku i te ako hōia ā-tau i tino whakakorea, whakawhānuitia te rārangi o humanities. Ko te wa whakautu me te taiao ke hei tari hou - ahuwhenua, hoahoanga ā-.

I muri i te-tau 17

I 1917 ko te tuku whakamutunga o ngā ākonga. Tae noa 1918, tonu mahi i wā roa, katia te Alexander Lyceum i Mei o te taua tau. I wāhanga tonoa te whare pukapuka rongonui ki Sverdlovsk, tino tohaina i roto i ngā whare pukapuka, ngaro kitea rerenga i roto i te ringa tūmataiti ranei. whakahaere te reira ki te whakaora e pā ana ki e rua mano rōrahi o ngā pukapuka o te hui whānui, me ki te kimi ratou i roto i te kohinga o te State Museum o Literature i 1938. Kohinga tukua ki te whare pukapuka Sverdlovsk i 1970, i whakawhitia ki te Pushkin Museum Foundation.

I whakamahia whare Alexander Lyceum mō ngā take rerekē. I roto i te 1917, noho ai te tari matua o te Army Whero me ētahi atu rōpū. I mua i te Pakanga nui Patriotic me i muri i te reira i roto i te whare o te kura, a ka i hoatu te whare ki te tikanga o SGPTU. Na te whare, ko te College o Whakahaere me Economics.

Ko te whiu e wehingia ana o ngā ākonga kura tiketike maha, me ngā kaiako o te Alexander Lyceum. I te tau 1925 ka fabricated reira take i roto i nei, i roto i ētahi atu. whakawakia o te hanga i te whakahaere counter-orurehau o te kaiwhakahaere whakamutunga o te Lyceum Schilder VA ko Pirimia Golitsyn Nd whakawakia katoa o whakaaro ki te whakahoki i te arikitanga, a reira i 26 te iwi, me te pere. Heoi oti pouri kōrero Tsarskoye selo Lyceum. Pushkin ko te kaiwaiata, me tona poto, te tahi atu ngā ākonga lyceum o hītori, me te whakapehapeha.

Ko te piki hehema ki te whakaaro i roto i te whakaaro Speransky, te kōwhiringa pai mo te mātauranga o te whakatupuranga o muri, i te mea whai hua ki te tono i tenei ra ako Modern.