TU-143: te hītori o te hanganga. Whakaahuatanga o te hanga

Ko te hiahia mo te maramarama i muri raina hoariri i roto i nga waenganui-rima tekau, i roto i te timatanga o te aroraa i waenganui i te United States me te Soviet Union mo te tūranga tino i roto i te ao, kua tāutuhia te faufaa o te rererangi unmanned. Na ko ake taputapu topu i roto i te mahi ki nga whenua maha o te ao, me te maha o ona whakatipu. Otiia e matau ana torutoru iwi e ko te wāhi o te rererangi "atamai", e kua whakamahia noa nei, te Soviet Union, te hanga waka hāpaki tino rite te TU-123, TU-143, TU-141.

Pehea te reira katoa i timata?

I tuhia i te whakamahi i tahito ra o waka unmanned i te puka o poihau ki te whakaora poma hōia Austria whakapaea i Venice 1849 tau. he rau te hawhe, Nikola Tesla hangaia, ka whakatinana i roto i te mahi, i te kaipuke irirangi-te mana. A i roto i te 1910 i hanga te US te hanga pā Charles Ketelingí ka whakamatauria e rave rahi wā o unmanned waka irirangi (UAVs), engari te tono mahi ratou kihai i kitea.

i tohua e te whanaketanga o te hangarau mati whaiaro-whakahaere i roto i te UK te thirties. I roto i te whakarara ki tenei tenenga, i roto i te kaihoahoa Soviet Union hanga Nikitin tōkiri-waka tauihi, me te ara hangaia he tōkiri ki te whānuitanga o 100 km, engari tonu tonu i runga i te pepa. I roto i te tau 1940, kua whakawhanakehia kaipūtaiao German ipu pere, whakamahia tuatahi i roto i te whawhai, me te pūkaha jet.

I reira i muri noa tīmata te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao i te iwi ringa i roto i te mara o unmanned i waenganui i nga whenua o te Warsaw Pact ko NATO, e tika ana ki nei i reira te whakamahia tonu UAVs, tae atu "Flight" TU-143.

Mua UAV "Flight"

I roto i 1956, i te whenua o te Whakahaere o te Warsaw Pact hoia whanaunga tomo Hungary ki te pehi i whakaaro anti-hapori. I roto i te wā taua hanga Tupolev backroom "K", ko tona mahi, ko te ki te whakawhanake i ngā hua "C". He tau i muri mai, te Kaunihera o Minita o te USSR i rererangi take waea whakarōpūtia tae rite "Matatapu" i runga i te hihiko o te rere tūemi whakamātautau "C" i roto i te hauwhā wha o 1958.

I raro i te hanga hua whakamuna UAV huna. whakawhanake no te whakaaro ki a AN Tupolev. hua Secret Ko te Pālesi whakarewa ki te āhua parirau kahakina. Aita i maoro i te kaupapa rite mo te pūnaha unmanned ru ahei o i te tawhiti o te 10 mano. Km o tuku patu karihi, engari kihai i whakatinana ai i te tikanga o te NS Khrushchev.

Intelligence taputapu whaiaro Hekenga-"Hawk" TU-123, i riro i te mua o te TU-143, i hanga i tona rere tuatahi i roto i 1961. Rerekē te rererangi whakaeke, ko te reira i roto i te wahi mua o te hanganga i te maramarama taputapu, nui atu i te warhead karihi.

Mau hapehape "Hawk" me te tikanga "Reis"

He ngoikoretanga tuatahi tāutuhia i roto i te whakamātautau TU-123 wera maitai fotolyuki tairongo i ai tere rererangi o 2700 km hipoki / h te ki te kapiti. Tenei raruraru, faaoti Engineers Soviet ki te whakamahi i te hoko o te onepu kiripaka Palāsilá i runga i te take o tona whakamahi i roto i te taputapu hauora. Ko reira i i whiwhi tenei rauemi raw karaihe wera-ātete, a ka nga whakapakoko-kounga tiketike.

Ko te ngoikoretanga tuarua te hoahoa tia ore o "Hawk", i roto i te mahi tonu te wehenga taputapu anake, i tuku i te toenga o te UAV. matau te feia faatere o te whenua te hiahia mo te whanaketanga o te maramarama matatini unmanned whakaorangia. I muri mai Nō ia te "Flight" TU-143. haamata te aamu o te UAV ki te tomokanga o ngā hōia Allied ki Czechoslovakia me te tauākī o nga kau taki o te Soviet Union he Tupolev mahi hou e pā ana ki tena whare, whakaorangia te UAV mahi hūhunu.

Creation o "Reis"

Mahi i runga i te whakatinanatanga o te ähua hou i roto i te mara o UAVs hohoro haere. E rua tau i muri mai, "Flight" Kua hanga kē tona rere tuatahi. I muri i te 4 tau o whakamātautau me te whakapai ake, i roto i 1976, tangohia te huinga o tangohia ope Soviet. whakahaere tōtika o te maramarama rauhanga - rite te āhuatanga i roto i te hōia TU-143. Production o Momo i te nui o te 10 nga wahi i hokona i roto i Bashkiria i 1973. I maoro timata production rangatū o te matatini hou. Hoki 10 tau (tae noa ki 1980) hua te katoa o 950 nga wahi.

ua ite Tuku o te matatini i roto i putanga e rua: ko te tuatahi - ki taputapu whakaahua; te tuarua - ki te pouaka whakaata. I tua atu, rite rawa i te UAV i ki te tikanga radiation rapunga. I te tau 1985, kua hanga ki runga ki te pūtake o Engineers "Reis" Tupolev te ūnga e pai te haere whakamātautau kāwanatanga.

parepare rangi kākahu maitai - tenei āhuatanga o te TU-143. Patu ki 6 whenua ko "Flight": te USSR, Iraq, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hiria, Romania. Na ko ia i roto i te Ukraine a Russia.

iku'anga

I roto i rauhanga matatini rere reconnaissance hua whakaahua irirangi o te pupuri raraunga i runga i te kiriata whakaahua. Hoki ngā mahi whakahaere e whakamahia ana i roto i te taputapu TV Tu-143. kawea rua momo o ngā mahi maramarama i roto i roto i te awatea. Ko te tawhiti e whakatau te hohonu o kătahi o te UAV i muri o te hoariri, āhuatanga e tohu i roto i te km 60-70.

Ko te "whati" o te matatini:

• Tīmata ki te whaiaro-tīhokatia i te tere hau o kore ake atu i te 15 m / he s.
• Mana Misiona ki te awhina o te pūnaha aunoa i runga i-papa (Absu).
• Ka taea te programmed ara rere.
• Collection, me te tiaki o te ite ki te awhina o taputapu whakaahua, me te pouaka whakaata.
• Ko te taea o te whakatau i te taiao radiation.
• Tukunga o te raraunga i te wāhi i homai, me te roto i te hongere reo irirangi ki te pou whakahau whenua.

TU-143: whakaahuatanga hanga

UAV "Flight" He ahurei āhuatanga radiozametnosti. LT Kulikov, tetahi o nga kaihoahoa matua whakaarohia ki te hanga tiaki motuhake. Kiel, nga tohutohu parirau, te ipu hekerangi, te ihu o te rererangi e hanga o ngā rauemi kore-konganuku. Ko taea ki te whakatutuki ngā kākahu maitai ite matatini.

Te hanganga, ngā te takere taputapu o wha compartments: te kopere, te taputapu onboard, he tank wahie, te nacelle pūkaha ki te ipu hekerangi. I roto i te wahi mua o te matatini kei taputapu mahi hūhunu. hanga te wehenga kei o kaka kōata me whakarato hoki fotolyuka.

whenua UAV Tricycle tika taunga taputapu. tautoko mua takoto i roto i te rua o nga wehenga, me te tahi atu e rua e wātea ana i te awhi parirau. Whawhati me te whakatō parachutes tikanga mō te damping tere taunga whakapae, me te poutū.

te faaohiparaa i

matatini reconnaissance whakamahia i roto i Afghanistan me te whawhai i roto i Repanona. I muri i te tiango o te Soviet Union he maha nui o UAVs noho i runga i te rohe o Ukraine.

I te 2001 ko ia take fakamamahi te whakamahi i TR-143 mō ngā take whakangungu rite te ūnga. tuki airliner TU-154 i, i patua e pā ana ki 80 te iwi. Ko te take he pere hit whanga hangaia mo UAV "Flight."

Tirohia te Tu-143 (wā), ka rite ki ora taua he whakaaturanga taea i roto i taua wāhi:

• Te Museum Aviation i Kiev.
• Museum o Forest Spadshchansky taputapu hōia me patu.
• I roto i te pa o Khmelnitsky.
• Prague Aviation Museum.
• Museum. Sakharov.
• Central Airport i Moscow.
• Museum o te Force Air i Monino.

TU-143: LTH

• Taumaha - 1230 kg.
• Length - 8,06 m.
• Teitei - 1.545 m.
• Wing Span - 2.24 m.
• Area Wing - 2.9 m ^2.
• teitei Mōkito - 10 mita.
• wā rere - 13 meneti.
• Momo Engine - TRD TR3-117.
• Ko te hohonu o te mahi - 95 km.
• tere mōrahi - 950 km / h.